不同光质及胁迫处理对鼠尾藻及附生藻类光合生理的影响
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摘要
利用鼠尾藻(Sargassun thumbergii)、菱形藻(Nitzschia)、石莼(Ulue pertusa)和绢丝藻(Callithamnion corymbosum)作为研究对象,通过白光、蓝光、红光照射,1%硝酸铵、1%柠檬酸、3%硫酸铵处理不同时间,淡水浸泡不同时间3种杂藻清除方法,系统研究光质、药物和淡水处理对鼠尾藻及杂藻光合生理的影响。结果显示,对于相对生长速率(RGR)、表观光合速率及表观光合速率与呼吸耗氧速率(R)的比,鼠尾藻幼孢子体在蓝光下均明显大于在白光和红光下,而菱形藻则在红光下较大,且鼠尾藻幼孢子体与菱形藻在蓝光下的P_n比明显大于其在白光和红光下的P_n比。结果显示,鼠尾藻幼孢子体若与菱形藻进行竞争,在蓝光下相对于在白光和红光下更有优势。硝酸铵、硫酸铵、柠檬酸药物处理对鼠尾藻幼孢子体的生理状态有一定的影响,且这种伤害具有不可逆性;对鼠尾藻嫩芽的伤害较小,且可恢复正常;对石莼的清除效果不明显,对绢丝藻有伤害。淡水处理对鼠尾藻幼孢子体有伤害,对鼠尾藻嫩芽伤害较小,对石莼影响不大,对绢丝藻有伤害。研究表明,在鼠尾藻幼苗早期培育过程中,可增大蓝光的照射或减少红光的照射,在一定程度上能促进鼠尾藻的生长且抑制菱形藻的生长;在鼠尾藻早期幼苗的杂藻清除中,应避免使用1%硝酸铵、1%柠檬酸和3%硫酸铵处理,会对鼠尾藻幼孢子体产生伤害;鼠尾藻育苗早期不宜使用淡水浸泡除去杂藻,鼠尾藻嫩芽每次淡水浸泡30 min,可清除杂藻,且对藻体无伤害。
In this paper, Sargassum thunbergii, Nitzschia, Ulva lactuca, and Callithamnion corymbosum were used as the experimental species to determine the influence of different light qualities(white, blue, and red light), medical treatments(1% ammonium nitrate, 3% ammonium sulfate, and 1%citric acid), and freshwater immersion on their photosynthetic efficiencies. The effectiveness of various harmful algae removal methods which are harmless to young sporophytes of S. thunbergii, were also discussed. The results showed that: for RGR(relative growth rate), P_n(apparent photosynthetic rate), and P_n/R(the ratio of apparent photosynthetic rate and respiratory oxygen consumption rate), S. thunbergii under blue light were significantly larger than those under white and red light. In comparison, P_n of Nitzschia reached its peak under the red light. The P_n of S. thunbergii and Nitzschia under blue light was significantly higher than that under white and red light, indicating that S. thunbergii outcompetes Nitzschia under blue light. Irreversible injury appeared when young sporophytes of S. thumbergii were exposed to ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and citric acid. These chemical treatments also inhibited the growth of C. corymbosum, but the effects were not significant on newborn branches of S.thunbergii and U. lactuca. Freshwater treatment caused harm to S. thumbergii young sporophytes and C.corymbosum, but there was little negative effect on U. lactuca, and newborn branches of S. thunbergii.These results suggest that in the early stages of S. thunbergii cultivation, increasing the irradiation of blue light or reducing the irradiation of red light to a certain extent, can promote the growth of S. thunbergii,and inhibit the growth of Nitzschia. The use of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and citric acid should be avoided in the removal of unwanted algae from young sporelings of S. thunbergii. While it is not advisable to use fresh water during the early stages, a fresh water soak for half an hour can remove the unwanted algae and causes no harm to the newborn branches of S. thunbergii.
In this paper, Sargassum thunbergii, Nitzschia, Ulva lactuca, and Callithamnion corymbosum were used as the experimental species to determine the influence of different light qualities(white, blue, and red light), medical treatments(1% ammonium nitrate, 3% ammonium sulfate, and 1%citric acid), and freshwater immersion on their photosynthetic efficiencies. The effectiveness of various harmful algae removal methods which are harmless to young sporophytes of S. thunbergii, were also discussed. The results showed that: for RGR(relative growth rate), P_n(apparent photosynthetic rate), and P_n/R(the ratio of apparent photosynthetic rate and respiratory oxygen consumption rate), S. thunbergii under blue light were significantly larger than those under white and red light. In comparison, P_n of Nitzschia reached its peak under the red light. The P_n of S. thunbergii and Nitzschia under blue light was significantly higher than that under white and red light, indicating that S. thunbergii outcompetes Nitzschia under blue light. Irreversible injury appeared when young sporophytes of S. thumbergii were exposed to ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and citric acid. These chemical treatments also inhibited the growth of C. corymbosum, but the effects were not significant on newborn branches of S.thunbergii and U. lactuca. Freshwater treatment caused harm to S. thumbergii young sporophytes and C.corymbosum, but there was little negative effect on U. lactuca, and newborn branches of S. thunbergii.These results suggest that in the early stages of S. thunbergii cultivation, increasing the irradiation of blue light or reducing the irradiation of red light to a certain extent, can promote the growth of S. thunbergii,and inhibit the growth of Nitzschia. The use of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and citric acid should be avoided in the removal of unwanted algae from young sporelings of S. thunbergii. While it is not advisable to use fresh water during the early stages, a fresh water soak for half an hour can remove the unwanted algae and causes no harm to the newborn branches of S. thunbergii.
引文
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Liu CY,Sun XQ,Fan SL.Current difficulties encountered and developmental strategies of Apostichopus japonicus aquaculture.Feed Industry,2006,27(22):28-30[刘朝阳,孙晓庆,范士亮.当前刺参养殖面临的主要困境及发展策略.饲料工业,2006,27(22):28-30]
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Sun XT,Wang FJ,Wang WJ,et al.Large scale breeding of Sargassum thunbergii based on sexual reproduction.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2010,31(3):84-91[孙修涛,王飞久,汪文俊,等.基于有性繁殖的鼠尾藻规模化繁育试验.渔业科学进展,2010,31(3):84-91]
Wang C,Qiao HJ,Pan GH,et al.Studies on the parameters of physiology of Enteromorpha prolifera collected from the Qingdao Olympic sailing center.Marine Sciences,200832(8):13-15[王超,乔洪金,潘光华,等.青岛奥帆基地海域漂浮浒苔光合生理特点研究.海洋科学,2008,32(8):13-15]
Wang FJ,Sun XT,Li F.Studies on sexual reproduction and seedling-rearing of Sargassum thunbergii.Marine Fisheries Research,2006,27(5):1-6[王飞久,孙修涛,李锋.鼠尾藻的有性繁殖过程和幼苗培育技术研究.海洋水产研究,2006,27(5):1-6]
Wang WJ,Sun XT,Wang FJ,et al.Effect of light quality on young sporophyte growth and rhizoid development of Laminaria japonica Aresch.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2009,30(5):113-118[汪文俊,孙修涛,王飞久,等.光质对海带幼孢子体生长和假根发育的影响.渔业科学进展,2009,30(5):113-118]
Wei XY,Yu SG.Studies on the antioxidative activity of ethanlic extracts from two kinds of brown algae.Marine Sciences,2002,26(9):49-51[魏玉西,于曙光.两种褐藻乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性研究.海洋科学,2002,26(9):49-51]
Zeng CK.China's economy algae Records.Beijing:Science Press,1962[曾呈奎.中国经济海藻志.北京:科学出版社,1962]
Zhang EX,Yu LJ,Xiao X.The scavenging action to O2-and OH-of polysaccharides.Chinese Journal of Biochemical Pharmaceutics,1995,16(1):9-11[张尔贤,俞丽君,肖湘.多糖类物质对O2-和OH-的清除作用.中国生化药物杂志,1995,16(1):9-11]
Zhao FJ.Studies on genetic structure of Sargassum thunbergii and S.muticum populations and germling development of S.thunbergii.Doctoral Dissertation of the Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007,65-75[赵凤娟.马尾藻种群遗传及早期发育的研究.中国科学院海洋研究所博士研究生学位论文,2007,65-75]
Zhao HD,Gao SD.Studies of acid tolerance of porphyra and ULVA 1 effects of pH on respiration and growth of Porphyra Yezoensis and Ulue Pertusa.Journal of Ocean University(Natural Science),1987,17(2):67-71[赵焕登,高尚德.条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis Ueda)和孔石莼(Ulue pertusa Kjellm)对酸耐受力的研究-I.pH对条斑紫菜和孔石莼呼吸强度和致死酸度试验.中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),1987,17(2):67-71]
Zhao ZG.Study on the early development of three macroalgae species.Doctoral Dissertation of Northeast Normal University2008,35-47[赵自国.三种大型海藻的早期发育研究.东北师范大学博士研究生学位论文,2008,35-47]
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Zhuang SH,Hendrik S.The effect of light intensity and quality on the growth of benthic algae community(Ⅰ)phytopigment variations.Journal of Yantai University(Natural Science and Engineering),1999,12(2):108-113[庄树宏,Hendrik Sven.光照强度和波长对底栖藻类种群生长的影响(Ⅰ)-光合色素的变化.烟台大学学报(自然科学与工程版),1999,12(2):108-113]
Zhuang SH,Hendrik S.The effects of light intensity and quality on benthic algae communities(Ⅱ)the dynamics and adaptive modes of community and populations.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21(12):2057-2066[庄树宏,Hendrik Sven.光强和光质对底栖藻类群落影响(Ⅱ)-群落和种群的动态和适应模式.生态学报,2001,21(12):2057-2066]
Chen J,Zhang JH,Li JQ,et al.The growth characteristics of long-line cultured seaweed Sargassum thunbergii in the Sanggou Bay.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2016,37(1):120-126[陈洁,张继红,李加琦,等.桑沟湾筏式养殖鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)的生长特性.渔业科学进展,2016,37(1):120-126]
Chen J.A study on farming techniques of Sargassum thunbergii and application in integrated multi-tropic aquaculture.Master￠s Thesis of Shanghai Ocean University,2015,27-32[陈洁.鼠尾藻人工养殖技术及在综合养殖系统中应用的研究.上海海洋大学硕士研究生学位论文,2015,27-32]
Han JJ,Zhong CH,He PM,et al.Effects of different light-qualities on growth and physiological characteristics of free living conchocelis of Pyropia haitanensis.Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(2):230-239[韩军军,钟晨辉,何培民,等.不同光质LED光源对坛紫菜自由丝状体生长和生理特性的影响.水产学报,2017,41(2):230-239]
Han XD,Li LP.Characteristics and utilization of Sargassum thunbergii.Special Economic Animal and Plant,2005,8(1):27-27[韩晓弟,李岚萍.鼠尾藻特征特性与利用.特种经济动植物,2005,8(1):27-27]
Humphrey GF.The photosynthesis:Respiration ratio of some unicellular marine algae.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1975,18(2):111-119
Jia C,Yang B,Xie EY.Studies on the prevention and cure for predators and rivals in artificial breeding of Sargassum naozhouense Tseng et Lu.Journal of Aquaculture,2012,33(7):35-39[贾柽,杨彬,谢恩义.硇洲马尾藻人工育苗常见敌害生物及防治初探.水产养殖,2012,33(7):35-39]
Kim JK,Mao YX,Kraemer G,et al.Growth and pigment content of Gracilaria tikvahiae McLachlan under fluorescent and LED lighting.Aquaculture,2015,436:52-57
Li MZ,Ding G,Zhan DM,et al.A method for early production of large-size Sargassum thunbergii seedling in North China.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2009,30(5):75-82[李美真,丁刚,詹冬梅,等.北方海区鼠尾藻大规格苗种提前育成技术.渔业科学进展,2009,30(5):75-82]
Li SY,Ye DS,Guo WL,et al.Investigation and prevention of harmful organisms for the cultivation of Sargassum fusiforme(Harv.)Okam.Modern Fisheries Information,2009,24(9):19-22[李生尧,叶定书,郭温林,等.羊栖菜栽培敌害生物调查及其防治.渔业信息与战略,2009,24(9):19-22]
Liang ZR,Wang FJ,Sun XT,et al.Effects of light intensity,temperature and salinity on newborn branches of Sargassum thunbergii evaluated with chlorophyll fluorescence assay Marine Sciences,2011,35(12):21-27[梁洲瑞,王飞久,孙修涛,等.利用叶绿素荧光技术揭示光照、温度和盐度对鼠尾藻嫩芽的影响.海洋科学,2011,35(12):21-27]
Liang ZR,Wang FJ,Sun XT,et al.Primary investigations on the photosynthesis and respiration of leaves of Sargassum thunbergii using liquid-phase oxygen measurement system.Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(12):1842-1853[梁洲瑞,王飞久,孙修涛,等.利用液相氧电极技术对鼠尾藻叶光合及呼吸作用的初步研究.水产学报,2012,36(12):1842-1853]
Liu CY,Sun XQ,Fan SL.Current difficulties encountered and developmental strategies of Apostichopus japonicus aquaculture.Feed Industry,2006,27(22):28-30[刘朝阳,孙晓庆,范士亮.当前刺参养殖面临的主要困境及发展策略.饲料工业,2006,27(22):28-30]
Liu QS,Jiang HT,Liu YX,et al.Seed rearing technique of Sargassum thunbergii o'kuntze.Shandong Fisheries,2006(12):5-9[刘启顺,姜洪涛,刘雨新,等.鼠尾藻人工育苗技术研究.齐鲁渔业,2006(12):5-9]
Sun XT,Wang FJ,Wang WJ,et al.Large scale breeding of Sargassum thunbergii based on sexual reproduction.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2010,31(3):84-91[孙修涛,王飞久,汪文俊,等.基于有性繁殖的鼠尾藻规模化繁育试验.渔业科学进展,2010,31(3):84-91]
Wang C,Qiao HJ,Pan GH,et al.Studies on the parameters of physiology of Enteromorpha prolifera collected from the Qingdao Olympic sailing center.Marine Sciences,200832(8):13-15[王超,乔洪金,潘光华,等.青岛奥帆基地海域漂浮浒苔光合生理特点研究.海洋科学,2008,32(8):13-15]
Wang FJ,Sun XT,Li F.Studies on sexual reproduction and seedling-rearing of Sargassum thunbergii.Marine Fisheries Research,2006,27(5):1-6[王飞久,孙修涛,李锋.鼠尾藻的有性繁殖过程和幼苗培育技术研究.海洋水产研究,2006,27(5):1-6]
Wang WJ,Sun XT,Wang FJ,et al.Effect of light quality on young sporophyte growth and rhizoid development of Laminaria japonica Aresch.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2009,30(5):113-118[汪文俊,孙修涛,王飞久,等.光质对海带幼孢子体生长和假根发育的影响.渔业科学进展,2009,30(5):113-118]
Wei XY,Yu SG.Studies on the antioxidative activity of ethanlic extracts from two kinds of brown algae.Marine Sciences,2002,26(9):49-51[魏玉西,于曙光.两种褐藻乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性研究.海洋科学,2002,26(9):49-51]
Zeng CK.China's economy algae Records.Beijing:Science Press,1962[曾呈奎.中国经济海藻志.北京:科学出版社,1962]
Zhang EX,Yu LJ,Xiao X.The scavenging action to O2-and OH-of polysaccharides.Chinese Journal of Biochemical Pharmaceutics,1995,16(1):9-11[张尔贤,俞丽君,肖湘.多糖类物质对O2-和OH-的清除作用.中国生化药物杂志,1995,16(1):9-11]
Zhao FJ.Studies on genetic structure of Sargassum thunbergii and S.muticum populations and germling development of S.thunbergii.Doctoral Dissertation of the Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007,65-75[赵凤娟.马尾藻种群遗传及早期发育的研究.中国科学院海洋研究所博士研究生学位论文,2007,65-75]
Zhao HD,Gao SD.Studies of acid tolerance of porphyra and ULVA 1 effects of pH on respiration and growth of Porphyra Yezoensis and Ulue Pertusa.Journal of Ocean University(Natural Science),1987,17(2):67-71[赵焕登,高尚德.条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis Ueda)和孔石莼(Ulue pertusa Kjellm)对酸耐受力的研究-I.pH对条斑紫菜和孔石莼呼吸强度和致死酸度试验.中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),1987,17(2):67-71]
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