以5种不同基质构建的模拟垂直流人工湿地对含铅废水的处理效果比较
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摘要
将黄土、污泥、细沙、细煤渣、粉煤灰和砾石作为基质原料,取其中5种原料,以1∶1∶1∶1∶1的体积比,配置成不同原料混合而成的5种基质;在利用5种基质构建的模拟垂直流人工湿地中,处理Pb~(2+)质量浓度为10 mg/L、20mg/L、40 mg/L、80 mg/L和160 mg/L的废水(人工配制),控制水力停留时间为8 h。实验结果表明,当废水中Pb~(2+)质量浓度为10 mg/L、20 mg/L、40 mg/L和80 mg/L时,以污泥+黄土+细煤渣+砾石+细沙为基质构建的人工湿地对Pb~(2+)的去除率最高,为87.50%～93.77%;当废水中Pb~(2+)质量浓度为160 mg/L时,以粉煤灰+污泥+黄土+细煤渣+细沙为基质构建的人工湿地对Pb~(2+)的去除率最高,为91.00%;当废水中Pb~(2+)质量浓度为10 mg/L和20 mg/L时,在以粉煤灰+污泥+细煤渣+砾石+细沙为基质构建的人工湿地中,重金属的潜在迁移能力最弱;当废水中Pb~(2+)质量浓度为40 mg/L、80 mg/L和160 mg/L时,在以粉煤灰+污泥+黄土+细煤渣+细沙为基质构建的人工湿地中,重金属的潜在迁移能力最弱;基质的容重、有效粒径D10、不均匀系数K80、pH、阳离子交换量和有机质含量都与含铅废水的处理效果正相关,基质的总孔隙度、有效粒径D80、有效态锰和全量锰、镁、铝、铁含量则分别与Pb~(2+)的去除率、基质中的铅形态含量负相关。
Five kinds of substrates of constructed wetland were prepared with six materials(loess, sludge, fine sand, fine cinder, fly ash, gravel) according to 1∶1∶1∶1∶1 in volume ratio of five materials. The wastewater with Pb~(2+) was treated by constructed wetlands with five kinds of substrates in 8 h hydraulic detention time.The wastewater with Pb2+of 5 kinds of concentrations(10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L, 160 mg/L) were made by artificial simulation. The results showed that the removal rates(87.50%-93.77%) of Pb~(2+) was the highest by constructed wetland with substrate composed of sienna, sludge, fine sand, fine cinder and gravel when Pb~(2+) concentrations were 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 80 mg/L in wastewater. The constructed wetland with substrate composed of sienna, sludge, fine sand, fine cinder and fly ash performed the best removal effects of 91.00% when Pb~(2+) concentration was 160 mg/L in wastewater. The potential migration ability of Pb~(2+) in wastewater was the lowest in the constructed wetland with substrate composed of fly ash,sludge, fine sand, fine cinder and gravel when Pb~(2+) concentrations were 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L in wastewater.The potential migration ability of Pb2+in wastewater was the lowest in the constructed wetland with substrate composed of fly ash, sludge, loess, fine cinder and fine sand when Pb2+concentrations were 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L and 160 mg/L in wastewater. The stronger correlation appeared between removal efficiency and bulk density,specific gravity, effective grain size D10, pH, cation exchange capacity(CEC) and organic matter. Total porosity, non-uniformity coefficient K80, contents of active Mn and total Mn, Mg, Al, Fe performed smaller correlation with chemical speciation and removal of Pb2+in waste water.
Five kinds of substrates of constructed wetland were prepared with six materials(loess, sludge, fine sand, fine cinder, fly ash, gravel) according to 1∶1∶1∶1∶1 in volume ratio of five materials. The wastewater with Pb~(2+) was treated by constructed wetlands with five kinds of substrates in 8 h hydraulic detention time.The wastewater with Pb2+of 5 kinds of concentrations(10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L, 160 mg/L) were made by artificial simulation. The results showed that the removal rates(87.50%-93.77%) of Pb~(2+) was the highest by constructed wetland with substrate composed of sienna, sludge, fine sand, fine cinder and gravel when Pb~(2+) concentrations were 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 80 mg/L in wastewater. The constructed wetland with substrate composed of sienna, sludge, fine sand, fine cinder and fly ash performed the best removal effects of 91.00% when Pb~(2+) concentration was 160 mg/L in wastewater. The potential migration ability of Pb~(2+) in wastewater was the lowest in the constructed wetland with substrate composed of fly ash,sludge, fine sand, fine cinder and gravel when Pb~(2+) concentrations were 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L in wastewater.The potential migration ability of Pb2+in wastewater was the lowest in the constructed wetland with substrate composed of fly ash, sludge, loess, fine cinder and fine sand when Pb2+concentrations were 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L and 160 mg/L in wastewater. The stronger correlation appeared between removal efficiency and bulk density,specific gravity, effective grain size D10, pH, cation exchange capacity(CEC) and organic matter. Total porosity, non-uniformity coefficient K80, contents of active Mn and total Mn, Mg, Al, Fe performed smaller correlation with chemical speciation and removal of Pb2+in waste water.
引文
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[19]中国土壤学会.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[20]杨萌尧,吕铭志,何春光,等.基质类型和粒径对垂直潜流人工湿地堵塞效应的研究[J].湿地科学,2017,1515(3):391-395.
[21]崔理华,朱夕珍,骆世明.人工湿地基质磷吸附特性与其物理化学性质的关系[J].中国环境科学,2007,2727(2):250-254.
[22]黄爽,张仁铎,张家应,等.土壤理化性质对吸附重金属镉的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,3131(1):19-22.
[23]周桑扬,杨凯,吴晓芙,等.人工湿地植物去除废水中重金属的作用机制研究进展[J].湿地科学,2016,1414(5):717-724.
[2]姚颖吉,刘树丽,刘伟,等.微生物-化学絮凝剂对实际矿山废水中铅的处理[J].水处理技术,2017,4343(10):99-102+109.
[3]Kobya M,Demirbas E,Senturk E,et al.Adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from apricot stone[J].Bioresource Technology,2005,9696(13):1518-1521.
[4]文科军,张衍杰,吴丽萍,等.改性燃煤炉渣在人工湿地综合作用成效[J].水处理技术,2016,4242(1):105-109.
[5]Jorge A C,Germán G,Icela D B,et al.Heavy metals removal from swine wastewater using constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow[J].Journal of Environmental Protection,2012,33(8):871-877.
[6]曹婷婷,王欢元,孙婴婴.复合人工湿地系统对重金属的去除研究[J].环境科学与技术,2017,4040(S1):230-236.
[7]曹优明,朱启红,戴涛,等.金边麦冬人工湿地对含铅废水的处理研究[J].工业水处理,2012,3232(2):41-43.
[8]阳承胜,蓝崇钰,束文圣.重金属在宽叶香蒲人工湿地系统中的分布与积累[J].水处理技术,2002,2828(2):101-104.
[9]Hadad H R,Mufarrege M M,Pinciroli M,et al.Morphological response of Typha domingensis to an industrial effluent containing heavy metals in a constructed wetland[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2010,5858(3):666-675.
[10]Lesage E,Rousseau D P L,Meers E,et al.Accumulation of metals in the sediment and reed biomass of a combined constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater[J].Water Air&Soil Pollution,2007,183183(1-4):253-264.
[11]陈琴,吴永贵,许连煌,等.6种湿地填料对含铅废水中铅吸附作用的比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,3232(3):641-645.
[12]Galletti A,Verlicchi P,Ranieri E.Removal and accumulation of Cu,Ni and Zn in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands:Contribution of vegetation and filling medium[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408408(21):5097-5105.
[13]Drizo A,Frost C A,Grace J,et al.Physico-chemical screening of phosphate-removing substrates for use in constructed wetland systems[J].Water Research,1999,3333(17):3595-3602.
[14]Bubba D M,Arias C A,Brix H.Phosphorus adsorption maximum of sands for use as media in subsurface flow constructed reed beds as measured by the Langmuir isotherm[J].Water Research,2003,3737(14):3390-3400.
[15]王国强,张荣新,傅金祥,等.人工湿地自改性基质用于污水深度处理技术研究[J].工业水处理,2016,3636(1):73-78.
[16]Scholz M,XU J.Performance comparison of experimental constructed wetlands with different filter media and macrophytes treating industrial wastewater contaminated with lead and copper[J].Bioresource technology,2002,8383(2):71-79.
[17]Ren J,Gao S X,Tao L,et al.Pb removal using mixed substrates in a constructed laboratory-scale unvegetated vertical subsurfaceflow wetland[J].Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2016,2525(1):283-290.
[18]张毓媛,曹晨亮,任丽君,等.不同基质组合及水力停留时间下垂直流人工湿地的除污效果[J].生态环境学报,2016,2525(2):292-299.
[19]中国土壤学会.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[20]杨萌尧,吕铭志,何春光,等.基质类型和粒径对垂直潜流人工湿地堵塞效应的研究[J].湿地科学,2017,1515(3):391-395.
[21]崔理华,朱夕珍,骆世明.人工湿地基质磷吸附特性与其物理化学性质的关系[J].中国环境科学,2007,2727(2):250-254.
[22]黄爽,张仁铎,张家应,等.土壤理化性质对吸附重金属镉的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,3131(1):19-22.
[23]周桑扬,杨凯,吴晓芙,等.人工湿地植物去除废水中重金属的作用机制研究进展[J].湿地科学,2016,1414(5):717-724.
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