不同土壤类型对绿竹笋营养成分的影响
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摘要
于2017年7月中旬(绿竹出笋盛期),在福建省尤溪县对同一区域内栽培措施相对一致的3种土壤类型(山地红壤、坡地黄红壤、河滩冲积土)的肥力及其栽培的绿竹笋的主要营养成分进行分析。结果表明,3种土壤类型的基础肥力有明显不同,全氮、全磷、全钾、全铁、有机质等养分含量以及pH值存在显著或极显著差异。其中,河滩冲积土的pH、全钾、钙、镁含量较高,黄红壤的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全铁含量较高,红壤的有机质含量较高。但在集约经营下有效养分供应相对一致,即速效氮、磷、钾养分含量差异不显著;在相同气候和经营管理下,不同土壤类型培育的竹笋营养成分比例与内含元素含量变幅较大,河滩冲积土的竹笋氮、磷、镁、粗蛋白含量较高,黄红壤的竹笋钾、铁含量较高,而红壤的竹笋钙、粗脂肪、可溶性糖含量较高;竹笋的内含养分与土壤养分间的相关分析表明,土壤中速效钾、全钾、镁、铁含量直接影响着竹笋主要养分的积累,有机质、碱解氮含量也具有一定相关性。
The differences of 3 types soil(mountainous red soil,sloping yellow-red soil and beach soil)fertility and its cultivated Bambusa oldhamii shoot′s nutritional ingreditents of the peak period are studied in Youxi County,Fujian Province.The results show that 3 types soil basal fertility of Bambusa oldhamii forest are obviously different,the values of pH,total K,Ca and Mg are the highest in beach soil,the values of available N,P,K,total N,total P and Fe are the highest in yellow-red soil,the value of Organic Matter is the highest in red soil.With very significant or significant differences respectively in total N,total P,total K Fe and pH,Organic Matter,while the supply of available N,K,P are relatively consistent.i.e.,no significant difference in available N,P and K among 3 types soil.Within the same climate and cultivation management,the proportion of nutrients and element content of bamboo shoots in different cultivated soils are significant different.The coefficient of variation( C.V.) of each index are 10.8%～62.8%,the C.V.of the bamboo shoot N content is the lowest,and the C.V.of P,K,Ca are the highest.The contents of N,P,Mg and crude protein in bamboo shoot are the highest in beach soil,the content of K,Fe are the highest in yellow-red soil,the content of Ca,crudNe fat and soluble sugar are the highest in red soil.Correlation analysis between shoots ntritional ingreditents and soil nutrients shows that the main factors affecting the nutrient accumulation of bamboo shoots are available K,total K and Mg,Fe content in cultivated soil.
The differences of 3 types soil(mountainous red soil,sloping yellow-red soil and beach soil)fertility and its cultivated Bambusa oldhamii shoot′s nutritional ingreditents of the peak period are studied in Youxi County,Fujian Province.The results show that 3 types soil basal fertility of Bambusa oldhamii forest are obviously different,the values of pH,total K,Ca and Mg are the highest in beach soil,the values of available N,P,K,total N,total P and Fe are the highest in yellow-red soil,the value of Organic Matter is the highest in red soil.With very significant or significant differences respectively in total N,total P,total K Fe and pH,Organic Matter,while the supply of available N,K,P are relatively consistent.i.e.,no significant difference in available N,P and K among 3 types soil.Within the same climate and cultivation management,the proportion of nutrients and element content of bamboo shoots in different cultivated soils are significant different.The coefficient of variation( C.V.) of each index are 10.8%～62.8%,the C.V.of the bamboo shoot N content is the lowest,and the C.V.of P,K,Ca are the highest.The contents of N,P,Mg and crude protein in bamboo shoot are the highest in beach soil,the content of K,Fe are the highest in yellow-red soil,the content of Ca,crudNe fat and soluble sugar are the highest in red soil.Correlation analysis between shoots ntritional ingreditents and soil nutrients shows that the main factors affecting the nutrient accumulation of bamboo shoots are available K,total K and Mg,Fe content in cultivated soil.
引文
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[2]梁天干,黄克福,郑清芳,等.福建竹类[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1987.
[3]郑郁善,高培军,陈礼光,等.绿竹笋营养成分及笋期叶养分的施肥效应[J].林业科学,2004,40(6):79-84.
[4]徐秋芳,叶正钱,姜培坤,等.雷竹笋营养元素含量及其与土壤养分的关系[J].浙江林学院学报,2003,20(2):115-118.
[5]高贵宾,顾小平,吴晓丽,等.绿竹笋用林扒晒与施肥技术研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2009,27(1):79-82.
[6]范金顺,高兆蔚,施天锡,等.福建林业土壤[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1993:70-95.
[7]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2015:39-114.
[8]张万儒.森林土壤分析方法国家标准[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1987.
[9]杨艳丽,史学正,于东升,等.区域尺度土壤养分空间变异及其影响因素研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):788-792.
[10]张力.SPSS 19.0在生物统计中的应用[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2013.
[11]丁瑞兴,刘友兆,孙玉华.我国亚热带湿润区土壤系统分类参比[J].土壤学报,1999,31(2):97-103.
[12]张鼎华,涂传进,沈乒松,等.福建山地几种主要土类土壤磷的研究[J].林业科学,2008,44(8):29-36.
[13]郑蓉.产地绿竹笋品质及土壤养分的主成分与典型相关分析[J].浙江农林大学学报,2012,29(5):710-714.
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