辽东半岛东岸泥质区有机物分布特征及其环境指示意义
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摘要
为研究人类活动及鸭绿江陆源输入对河口海岸及陆架泥质区沉积环境的影响,本文通过对2017年于辽东半岛泥质区东部采集的Q02柱与西部Q04柱进行~(210)Pb定年、粒度、总有机碳、总有机氮、δ~(13)C同位素等指标综合分析,利用Meyers研究模型结合C/N值及δ~(13)C同位素含量分析不同物源有机质贡献率。结果表明:(1)两根柱样TOC与TN含量近百年来逐渐升高,C/N值在9～11之间为海陆混合来源。沉积物主要以粉砂及粘土为主,粉砂含量最高,粘土次之,砂含量较少。(2)有机碳来源占比均呈陆源降低海源升高的特点,分别反映了泥质区东部与西部不同主导因素对海域环境的影响。东部沉积环境主要受流域环境变化与海域共同作用,垦荒、自然灾害、日俄战争等事件造成了植被覆盖降低,水库建设减少了陆源有机碳输入;西部沉积环境主要受沿岸人类活动、水体富营养化的影响,"弛禁"政策导致植被覆盖被破坏,港口修建、水产养殖等活动造成水体营养物质增多,引起海洋环境恶化。
In order to investigate the influence of human activities within the Yalu River catchment,in terms of the import of terrestrial inputs from the Yalu River,on the sedimentary environment of the estuary and continental shelf mud deposition area,two sediment cores,Q02 and Q04,were collected from the mud deposition area of the eastern Liaodong Peninsula.Subsequently,the content of ~(210)Pb dating,grain size,total organic carbon(TOC),total organic nitrogen(TN),stable carbon isotope(δ~(13)C) were analyzed; finally,the C/N ratio and δ~(13)C value were used to analyze the contribution of different organic matter source.The results show that:(1)TOC and TN were gradually increased during the past 100 years.The C/N ratio ranged from 9 to 11,indicating that the organic carbon is characterized by terrestrial and marine mixing sources.(2)The organic carbon proportions originating from terrestrial and marine source indicated a decreasing and increasing trends,respectively,implying that the eastern and western of the study area suffered from different controlling factors.In the eastern area,the sedimentary environment is mainly affected by catchment environment change and land-sea interaction:reclamation,natural disasters and wars caused the vegetation cover reduced,and the reservoir construction decreased the input of terrestrial organic carbon.The sedimentary environmentof eastern area is mainly controlled by human activities and water eutrophication:"Closure" Policies result in the destruction of vegetation cover,and the ports construction,aquaculture lead tothe increase of nutrients in the water bodies,which cause deterioration of the marine environment.
In order to investigate the influence of human activities within the Yalu River catchment,in terms of the import of terrestrial inputs from the Yalu River,on the sedimentary environment of the estuary and continental shelf mud deposition area,two sediment cores,Q02 and Q04,were collected from the mud deposition area of the eastern Liaodong Peninsula.Subsequently,the content of ~(210)Pb dating,grain size,total organic carbon(TOC),total organic nitrogen(TN),stable carbon isotope(δ~(13)C) were analyzed; finally,the C/N ratio and δ~(13)C value were used to analyze the contribution of different organic matter source.The results show that:(1)TOC and TN were gradually increased during the past 100 years.The C/N ratio ranged from 9 to 11,indicating that the organic carbon is characterized by terrestrial and marine mixing sources.(2)The organic carbon proportions originating from terrestrial and marine source indicated a decreasing and increasing trends,respectively,implying that the eastern and western of the study area suffered from different controlling factors.In the eastern area,the sedimentary environment is mainly affected by catchment environment change and land-sea interaction:reclamation,natural disasters and wars caused the vegetation cover reduced,and the reservoir construction decreased the input of terrestrial organic carbon.The sedimentary environmentof eastern area is mainly controlled by human activities and water eutrophication:"Closure" Policies result in the destruction of vegetation cover,and the ports construction,aquaculture lead tothe increase of nutrients in the water bodies,which cause deterioration of the marine environment.
引文
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[18] PARK R,EPSTEIN S.Carbon isotope fractionation during photosynthesis[J].Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta,1960,21(1/2):110-126.
[19] MEYERS P A.Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter[J].Chemical Geology,1994,114(3/4):289-302.
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[23] 叶瑜,方修琦,张学珍,等.过去300年东北地区林地和草地覆盖变化[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(5):137-144.
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[27] 王金臣,张新荣,刘林萍,等.清代长白山地区土地利用/覆被变化驱动力及其环境效应[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(12):124-131.
[28] 林长清.大连近海富营养化评价与探讨[J].海洋环境科学,1994,13(4):63-68.
[2] 郭志刚,杨作升,陈致林,等.东海陆架泥质区沉积有机质的物源分析[J].地球化学,2001,30(5):416-424.
[3] 孙晓燕,李广雪,刘勇,等.东海北部泥质区敏感粒度组分对东亚季风演变的响应[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(4):11-17.
[4] 郭志刚,杨作升,曲艳慧,等.东海中陆架泥质区及其周边表层沉积物碳的分布与固碳能力的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,1999,30(4):421-426.
[5] 李广雪,杨子赓,刘勇.中国东部海域海底沉积环境成因研究:《中国东部海域海底沉积物成因环境图》说明[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[6] 符文侠,贾锡钧,魏成凯,等.河流泥沙对辽东半岛海岸的填充作用[J].黄渤海海洋,1984,2(2):49-55.
[7] 高建华,李军,王珍岩,等.鸭绿江河口及近岸地区沉积物中重金属分布的影响因素分析[J].地球化学,2008,37(5):430-438.
[8] 于欣,杜家笔,高建华,等.鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带水动力特征对叶绿素分布的影响[J].海洋学报,2012,34(2):101-113.
[9] 高建华,高抒,董礼先,等.鸭绿江河口地区沉积物特征及悬沙输送[J].海洋通报,2003,22(5):26-33.
[10] 李家胜,高建华,李军,等.鸭绿江河口沉积物元素地球化学及其控制因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(1):25-31.
[11] 石勇,高建华,刘治帅,等.鸭绿江河口及近岸地区沉积物的稀土元素对物质运移的指示意义[J].地球化学,2016,45(1):52-61.
[12] 张钟月,刁书仁.清末民初鸭绿江流域的开发[J].东北师大学报:哲学社会科学版,2014,272(6):103-107.
[13] 王金臣,张新荣,刘林萍,等.清代长白山地区土地利用/覆被变化驱动力及其环境效应[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(12):124-131.
[14] 王伟伟,王鹏,吴英超,等.海岸带开发活动对大连湾环境影响分析[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(4):512-515.
[15] MCMANUS J.Grain size determination and interpretation[M]//TUCKER M.Techniques in Sedimentology.Oxford:Blackwell,1988:63-85.
[16] FLYNN W W.The determination of low levels of polonium-210 in environmental materials[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,1968,43:221-227.
[17] 李艳,刘艳,李安春,等.大连湾附近海域表层沉积物粒度特征及水动力环境指示[J].海洋通报,2014,33(5):552-558.
[18] PARK R,EPSTEIN S.Carbon isotope fractionation during photosynthesis[J].Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta,1960,21(1/2):110-126.
[19] MEYERS P A.Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter[J].Chemical Geology,1994,114(3/4):289-302.
[20] WU Y,ZHANG J,LIU S M,et al.Sourcesand distribution of carbon within the Yangtze Riversystem[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2006,71(1/2):13-25.
[21] 谭慧娟,夏晓玲,吴川,等.基于碳稳定同位素示踪的金水河颗粒有机碳来源辨析[J].生态学报,2014,34(19):5445-5452.
[22] EMERSONS,HEDGESJI.Processes controlling the organic carbon content of open ocea nsediments[J].Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology,1988,3(5):621-634.
[23] 叶瑜,方修琦,张学珍,等.过去300年东北地区林地和草地覆盖变化[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(5):137-144.
[24] 东北文史丛书编辑委员会.奉天通志[M].沈阳:沈阳古旧书店,1983.
[25] 阿瓦林 B.帝国主义在满洲[M].北京对外贸易学院俄语教研室,译.北京:商务印书馆,1980.
[26] 南京林业大学林业遗产研究室.中国近代林业史[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1989.
[27] 王金臣,张新荣,刘林萍,等.清代长白山地区土地利用/覆被变化驱动力及其环境效应[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(12):124-131.
[28] 林长清.大连近海富营养化评价与探讨[J].海洋环境科学,1994,13(4):63-68.
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