秸秆分拨引导式玉米免耕防堵机构设计与试验
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摘要
为解决免耕播种机麦茬地作业的拥堵问题,在拨抛式防堵装置的基础上提出秸秆分拨引导的防堵设计思路,设计了阿基米德螺线型防堵机构。该装置可引导秸秆攀升,实现层叠堆积,缓解秸秆平行拨离苗带时造成的秸秆局部集中,从而实现有效防堵。运用离散元分析软件EDEM 2. 7,建立了秸秆-土壤-防堵机构相互作用的仿真模型,分别对单个目标秸秆和秸秆群体进行运动追踪,验证了分拨引导和层叠堆积理念。对试验样机进行了田间性能试验和作业参数优选试验,结果表明:在播种过程中,阿基米德螺线型防堵机构作业顺畅,未发生中、重度堵塞及晾籽;防堵机构最佳工作参数为前进速度7 km/h、转速600 r/min,此时秸秆清除率最高,为92. 6%。本文设计的防堵机构性能优于前期课题组设计的防堵机构和某商品化防堵机构。
The"separating-guiding"thought which utilize the anti-blocking mechanism to guide the straw to ascend and move along the rotating wheel was proposed. Based on this thought,a cleaning mechanism on account of Archimedes spiral was designed and tested. In theoretical analysis,it was found that the Archimedes spiral could guide the straw to move up along with the outline under all the forces from mechanism and other straw at the beginning of contact,later the straw obtained speed and was thrown away because of the increased centrifugal force and decreased holding force from straw. All the straw was moved in the same way and formed straw group flow,accordingly accomplished the straw shinnying and stacking. Besides,the moving behavior of straw individual and straw group were also investigated via DEM simulation. The field experiment was also done to investigate the performance of no-tillage maize planter and confirm the optimal working parameter of the Archimedes spiral anti-blocking mechanism.The experimental results showed that there were no blockage and exposed seeds. It can be inferred that the optimal working parameter of Archimedes spiral mechanism was 7 km/h of forward speed and 600 r/min of rotational speed. The mechanism designed can provide reference for the design and optimization of the anti-blocking mechanism of no-tillage maize planter.
The"separating-guiding"thought which utilize the anti-blocking mechanism to guide the straw to ascend and move along the rotating wheel was proposed. Based on this thought,a cleaning mechanism on account of Archimedes spiral was designed and tested. In theoretical analysis,it was found that the Archimedes spiral could guide the straw to move up along with the outline under all the forces from mechanism and other straw at the beginning of contact,later the straw obtained speed and was thrown away because of the increased centrifugal force and decreased holding force from straw. All the straw was moved in the same way and formed straw group flow,accordingly accomplished the straw shinnying and stacking. Besides,the moving behavior of straw individual and straw group were also investigated via DEM simulation. The field experiment was also done to investigate the performance of no-tillage maize planter and confirm the optimal working parameter of the Archimedes spiral anti-blocking mechanism.The experimental results showed that there were no blockage and exposed seeds. It can be inferred that the optimal working parameter of Archimedes spiral mechanism was 7 km/h of forward speed and 600 r/min of rotational speed. The mechanism designed can provide reference for the design and optimization of the anti-blocking mechanism of no-tillage maize planter.
引文
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[12]赵武云,张锋伟,吴劲锋,等.免耕播种机弹齿式防堵装置[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(3):188-190.
[13]王韦韦,朱存玺,陈黎卿,等.玉米免耕播种机主动式秸秆移位防堵装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(24):10-17.WANG Weiwei,ZHU Cunxi,CHEN Liqing,et al. Design and experiment of active straw-removing anti-blocking device for maize no-tillage planter[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(24):10-17.(in Chinese)
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[15]张喜瑞,何进,李洪文,等.水平拨草轮式玉米免耕播种机设计和试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(12):39-43.ZHANG Xirui,HE Jin,LI Hongwen,et al. Design and experiment on no-till planter in horizontal residue throwing fingerwheel type for maize[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(12):39-43.(in Chinese)
[16]王庆杰,何进,李洪文,等.免耕播种机开沟防堵单元体设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):27-31.WANG Qingjie,HE Jin,LI Hongwen,et al. Design and experiment on furrowing and anti-blocking unit for no-till planter[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(1):27-31.(in Chinese)
[17]高娜娜,张东兴,杨丽,等.驱动分禾杆与被动分禾栅板组合式防堵机构设计[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(6):85-91,52.GAO Nana,ZHANG Dongxing,YANG Li,et al. Design of anti-blocking mechanism combined driven divider with passive residue separating device[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(6):85-91,52.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file=1&file_no=20140614&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2014. 06. 014.(in Chinese)
[18]姚宗路,欧阳双平,孟海波,等.颗粒状秸秆物料流动特性试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(7):112-116.YAO Zonglu, OUYANG Shuangping, MENG Haibo, et al. Flow characterization of biomass particle straw[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(7):112-116. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file=1&file_no=20120721&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2012. 07.021.(in Chinese)
[19]耿端阳,张道林,王相友,等.新编农业机械学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2011:297-300.
[20]方会敏,姬长英,AHMED A T,等.秸秆-土壤-旋耕刀系统中秸秆位移仿真分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):60-67.FANG Huimin,JI Changying,AHMED A T,et al. Simulation analysis of straw movement in straw-soil-rotary blade system[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):60-67. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file=1&file_no=20160109&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 01.009.(in Chinese)
[21]方会敏,姬长英,FARMAN A C,等.基于离散元法的旋耕过程土壤运动行为分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(3):22-28.FANG Huimin,JI Changying,FARMAN A C,et al. Analysis of soil dynamic behavior during rotary tillage based on distinct element method[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(3):22-28. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file=1&file_no=20160304&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn.1000-1298. 2016. 03. 004.(in Chinese)
[22]全国农业机械标准化技术委员会.免耕播种机质量评价技术规范:NY/T 1768—2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[23]方会敏,史嵩,乔璐,等.圆辊拨爪式防堵机构作业性能的模拟与试验研究[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(12):1-9.FANG Huimin,SHI Song,QIAO Lu,et al. Numerical and experimental study of working performance of round roller-claw type anti-blocking mechanism[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(12):1-9.(in Chinese)
[2] YANG Li,ZHANG Rui,LIU Quanwei,et al. Row cleaner and depth control unit improving sowing performance of maize no-till recession planter[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(17):18-23.
[3]郭维俊.小麦生长的力学特性及其动力学规律研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.GUO Weijun. A study on mechanical properties and dynamic laws in wheat growth[D]. Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese)
[4]徐广印,沈胜强,胡建军,等.秸秆冷态压缩成型微观结构变化的实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(3):273-278.XU Guangyin,SHEN Shengqiang,HU Jianjun,et al. Experimental study on the microstructure changes in the process of coil molding with straw[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2010,31(3):273-278.(in Chinese)
[5]闫翠珍.秸秆块压缩性能及流变特性研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.YAN Cuizhen. Study on the compression performance and rheological properties of straw bales[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[6] TORBERT H A,INGRAM J T,PRIOR S A. High residue conservation tillage system for cotton production:a farmer's perspective[J]. Agrophysical Journal,2015,2(1):1-14.
[7] FALLAHI S,RAOUFAT M H. Row-crop planter attachments in a conservation tillage system:a comparative study[J]. Soil&Tillage Research,2008,98(1):27-34.
[8] SIDHU H S,SINGH M,SINGH Y,et al. Development and evaluation of the Turbo Happy Seeder for sowing wheat into heavy rice residues in NW India[J]. Field Crops Research,2015,184:201-212.
[9] AHMAD F,DING W,DING Q,et al. Forces and straw cutting performance of double disc furrow opener in no-till paddy soil[J]. Plo S One,2015,10(3):e119648.
[10] RAOUFAT M H,MATBOOEI A. Row cleaners enhance reduced tillage planting of corn in Iran[J]. Soil&Tillage Research,2007,93(1):152-161.
[11]林静,李宝筏,李宏哲.阿基米德螺线型破茬开沟和切拨防堵装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):10-19.LIN Jing,LI Baofa,LI Hongzhe. Design and experiment of Archimedes spiral type stubble breaking ditching device and stubble breaking anti blocking device[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(17):10-19.(in Chinese)
[12]赵武云,张锋伟,吴劲锋,等.免耕播种机弹齿式防堵装置[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(3):188-190.
[13]王韦韦,朱存玺,陈黎卿,等.玉米免耕播种机主动式秸秆移位防堵装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(24):10-17.WANG Weiwei,ZHU Cunxi,CHEN Liqing,et al. Design and experiment of active straw-removing anti-blocking device for maize no-tillage planter[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(24):10-17.(in Chinese)
[14]山东省农业机械科学研究院.主动差速对旋式免耕防堵装置:201720554438. 3[P]. 2018-01-02.
[15]张喜瑞,何进,李洪文,等.水平拨草轮式玉米免耕播种机设计和试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(12):39-43.ZHANG Xirui,HE Jin,LI Hongwen,et al. Design and experiment on no-till planter in horizontal residue throwing fingerwheel type for maize[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(12):39-43.(in Chinese)
[16]王庆杰,何进,李洪文,等.免耕播种机开沟防堵单元体设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):27-31.WANG Qingjie,HE Jin,LI Hongwen,et al. Design and experiment on furrowing and anti-blocking unit for no-till planter[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(1):27-31.(in Chinese)
[17]高娜娜,张东兴,杨丽,等.驱动分禾杆与被动分禾栅板组合式防堵机构设计[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(6):85-91,52.GAO Nana,ZHANG Dongxing,YANG Li,et al. Design of anti-blocking mechanism combined driven divider with passive residue separating device[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(6):85-91,52.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file=1&file_no=20140614&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2014. 06. 014.(in Chinese)
[18]姚宗路,欧阳双平,孟海波,等.颗粒状秸秆物料流动特性试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(7):112-116.YAO Zonglu, OUYANG Shuangping, MENG Haibo, et al. Flow characterization of biomass particle straw[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(7):112-116. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file=1&file_no=20120721&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2012. 07.021.(in Chinese)
[19]耿端阳,张道林,王相友,等.新编农业机械学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2011:297-300.
[20]方会敏,姬长英,AHMED A T,等.秸秆-土壤-旋耕刀系统中秸秆位移仿真分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):60-67.FANG Huimin,JI Changying,AHMED A T,et al. Simulation analysis of straw movement in straw-soil-rotary blade system[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):60-67. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file=1&file_no=20160109&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 01.009.(in Chinese)
[21]方会敏,姬长英,FARMAN A C,等.基于离散元法的旋耕过程土壤运动行为分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(3):22-28.FANG Huimin,JI Changying,FARMAN A C,et al. Analysis of soil dynamic behavior during rotary tillage based on distinct element method[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(3):22-28. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file=1&file_no=20160304&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn.1000-1298. 2016. 03. 004.(in Chinese)
[22]全国农业机械标准化技术委员会.免耕播种机质量评价技术规范:NY/T 1768—2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[23]方会敏,史嵩,乔璐,等.圆辊拨爪式防堵机构作业性能的模拟与试验研究[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(12):1-9.FANG Huimin,SHI Song,QIAO Lu,et al. Numerical and experimental study of working performance of round roller-claw type anti-blocking mechanism[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(12):1-9.(in Chinese)
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