参与式社区规划理念和方法实践——以珠海红旗社区参与式规划为例
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摘要
分析了公众参与、社区规划、参与式社区规划的内涵和发展逻辑,并以珠海市开展的参与式社区规划试点为例,梳理了从社区培育、社区认同、参与式设计到推动项目实施全过程参与式规划的操作框架和方法,总结了珠海市参与式社区规划试点在社区层面的特点、经验与问题,以期对推动我国开展社区"共同缔造"提供一些可供参考的经验和案例。
This paper analyzes the theoretical basis of public participation and the development logic of participatory community planning. By taking Zhuhai′s Pilot Project of Participatory Community Plan as an example, to shed lights on the operation framework and method of the entire process about the Participatory Community Plan: from community cultivation, community acceptance, designing participation to project implementation; to summarize the characters, experiences and problems by analyzing the Zhuhai′s exploration in community scale. With a view to contributing to the country′s "City Shuang Xiu" and "Urban Community Collaboration" work, the essay offers Zhuhai′s experiences and case study as reference.
This paper analyzes the theoretical basis of public participation and the development logic of participatory community planning. By taking Zhuhai′s Pilot Project of Participatory Community Plan as an example, to shed lights on the operation framework and method of the entire process about the Participatory Community Plan: from community cultivation, community acceptance, designing participation to project implementation; to summarize the characters, experiences and problems by analyzing the Zhuhai′s exploration in community scale. With a view to contributing to the country′s "City Shuang Xiu" and "Urban Community Collaboration" work, the essay offers Zhuhai′s experiences and case study as reference.
引文
[1] 张京祥,罗震东,何建颐.体制转型与中国城市空间重构 [M].南京:东南大学出版社,2007.
[2] 吴缚龙,马润潮,张京祥.转型与重构:中国城市发展多维透视 [M].南京:东南大学出版社,2007.
[3] 孙施文,殷悦.基于《城乡规划法》的公众参与制度 [J].规划师,2008,24(5):11-14.
[4] 章征涛,宋彦,阿纳博·查克拉博蒂.公众参与式情景规划的组织和实践——基于美国公众参与规划的经验及对我国规划参与的启示 [J].国际城市规划,2015(05):47-51.
[5] 赵民,刘婧.城市规划中“公众参与”的社会诉求与制度保障——厦门市“PX项目”事件引发的讨论 [J].城市规划学刊,2010(03):81-86.
[6] 陈浩,张京祥,林存松.城市空间开发中的“反增长政治”研究——基于南京“老城南事件”的实证 [J].城市规划,2015(04):19-26.
[7] 莫文竞,夏南凯.基于参与主体成熟度的城市规划公众参与方式选择 [J].城市规划学刊,2012(4):79-85.
[8] 阳建强.社区营造与城市更新 [J].西部人居环境学刊,2018,33(04):4.
[9] 刘悦来,尹科娈,葛佳佳.公众参与协同共享日臻完善——上海社区花园系列空间微更新实验 [J].西部人居环境学刊,2018,33(04):8-12.
[10] 黄耀福,郎嵬,陈婷婷,等.共同缔造工作坊:参与式社区规划的新模式 [J].规划师,2015(10):38-42.
[11] 李郇,刘敏,黄耀福.共同缔造工作坊—社区参与式规划与美好环境建设的实践 [M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[12] JACOBS J.The death and life of great American cities [M].Random House LLC,1961.
[13] DAVIDOFF P.Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning [J].A Reader in Planning Theory,1965,31(4):331-338.
[14] ARNSTEIN S R.A Ladder Of Citizen Participation [J].Journal of the American Institute of Planners,1969,35(4):216-224.
[15] ROHE W M.From Local to Global:One Hundred Years of Neighborhood Planning [J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2009,75(2):209-230.
[16] ROHE W M,GATES L B.Planning with neighborhoods.[M].Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,1985.
[17] O’CONNOR A.Swimming against the tide:A brief history of federal policy in poor communities [M]//FERGUSON R F,DICKENS W T.Urban problems and community development.Washington,DC;Brookings Institution Press:77-137.
[18] CHASKIN R J.Building community capacity:A definitional framework and case studies from a comprehensive community initiative [J].Urban Affairs Review,2001,36(3):291-323.
[19] GOETZ E G,SIDNEY M.Revenge of the Property Owners:Community Development and the Politics of Property [J].Journal of Urban Affairs,2010,16(4):319-334.
[20] ROHE W M,BRATT R G.Failures,downsizings,and mergers among community development corporations [J].Housing Policy Debate,2003,14(1):1-46.
[21] 钱征寒,牛慧恩.社区规划——理论、实践及其在我国的推广建议 [J].城市规划学刊,2007(4):74-78.
[22] 王雨,张京祥.台湾的社区规划研究与实践及其启示 [J].现代城市研究,2013(05):92-97.
[23] 张京祥,赵丹,陈浩.增长主义的终结与中国城市规划的转型 [J].城市规划,2013(01):45-50+55.
[24] 杨震.城市设计与城市更新:英国经验及其对中国的镜鉴 [J].城市规划学刊,2016(01):88-98.
① 美国北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校城市与区域规划规划系的William M.Rohe教授将美国社区规划近百年归纳为6种形式,即邻里单元模式、城市更新计划、社区经济发展、社区行动计划、市政府支持的社区规划、最新的社区规划形式。
②珠海由于是登革热流行区,由于本病系由伊蚊传播,因此蚊虫较多的地方往往会成为城市的消极空间。
③由于珠海是一个禁摩限电的城市,因此,非机动车道主要是自行车行驶,对步行道的影响有限,常将两者合并到同一高程上布置。
[2] 吴缚龙,马润潮,张京祥.转型与重构:中国城市发展多维透视 [M].南京:东南大学出版社,2007.
[3] 孙施文,殷悦.基于《城乡规划法》的公众参与制度 [J].规划师,2008,24(5):11-14.
[4] 章征涛,宋彦,阿纳博·查克拉博蒂.公众参与式情景规划的组织和实践——基于美国公众参与规划的经验及对我国规划参与的启示 [J].国际城市规划,2015(05):47-51.
[5] 赵民,刘婧.城市规划中“公众参与”的社会诉求与制度保障——厦门市“PX项目”事件引发的讨论 [J].城市规划学刊,2010(03):81-86.
[6] 陈浩,张京祥,林存松.城市空间开发中的“反增长政治”研究——基于南京“老城南事件”的实证 [J].城市规划,2015(04):19-26.
[7] 莫文竞,夏南凯.基于参与主体成熟度的城市规划公众参与方式选择 [J].城市规划学刊,2012(4):79-85.
[8] 阳建强.社区营造与城市更新 [J].西部人居环境学刊,2018,33(04):4.
[9] 刘悦来,尹科娈,葛佳佳.公众参与协同共享日臻完善——上海社区花园系列空间微更新实验 [J].西部人居环境学刊,2018,33(04):8-12.
[10] 黄耀福,郎嵬,陈婷婷,等.共同缔造工作坊:参与式社区规划的新模式 [J].规划师,2015(10):38-42.
[11] 李郇,刘敏,黄耀福.共同缔造工作坊—社区参与式规划与美好环境建设的实践 [M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[12] JACOBS J.The death and life of great American cities [M].Random House LLC,1961.
[13] DAVIDOFF P.Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning [J].A Reader in Planning Theory,1965,31(4):331-338.
[14] ARNSTEIN S R.A Ladder Of Citizen Participation [J].Journal of the American Institute of Planners,1969,35(4):216-224.
[15] ROHE W M.From Local to Global:One Hundred Years of Neighborhood Planning [J].Journal of the American Planning Association,2009,75(2):209-230.
[16] ROHE W M,GATES L B.Planning with neighborhoods.[M].Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,1985.
[17] O’CONNOR A.Swimming against the tide:A brief history of federal policy in poor communities [M]//FERGUSON R F,DICKENS W T.Urban problems and community development.Washington,DC;Brookings Institution Press:77-137.
[18] CHASKIN R J.Building community capacity:A definitional framework and case studies from a comprehensive community initiative [J].Urban Affairs Review,2001,36(3):291-323.
[19] GOETZ E G,SIDNEY M.Revenge of the Property Owners:Community Development and the Politics of Property [J].Journal of Urban Affairs,2010,16(4):319-334.
[20] ROHE W M,BRATT R G.Failures,downsizings,and mergers among community development corporations [J].Housing Policy Debate,2003,14(1):1-46.
[21] 钱征寒,牛慧恩.社区规划——理论、实践及其在我国的推广建议 [J].城市规划学刊,2007(4):74-78.
[22] 王雨,张京祥.台湾的社区规划研究与实践及其启示 [J].现代城市研究,2013(05):92-97.
[23] 张京祥,赵丹,陈浩.增长主义的终结与中国城市规划的转型 [J].城市规划,2013(01):45-50+55.
[24] 杨震.城市设计与城市更新:英国经验及其对中国的镜鉴 [J].城市规划学刊,2016(01):88-98.
① 美国北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校城市与区域规划规划系的William M.Rohe教授将美国社区规划近百年归纳为6种形式,即邻里单元模式、城市更新计划、社区经济发展、社区行动计划、市政府支持的社区规划、最新的社区规划形式。
②珠海由于是登革热流行区,由于本病系由伊蚊传播,因此蚊虫较多的地方往往会成为城市的消极空间。
③由于珠海是一个禁摩限电的城市,因此,非机动车道主要是自行车行驶,对步行道的影响有限,常将两者合并到同一高程上布置。
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