旅游干扰对张家界大鲵栖息地水质影响评价
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摘要
为探明旅游干扰对大鲵栖息地水质的影响,2014—2016年对张家界市内不同旅游干扰强度下的大鲵栖息地进行水质调查。选取溶解氧、化学需氧量、总氮、总磷和大肠菌群5项指标,采用灰色聚类法与营养状态质量指数法进行综合分析。结果表明:3年间,18个测点中仅有3个测点为GB 3038—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅱ类水,其余测点均为Ⅰ类水,总磷是受到旅游干扰影响的主要指标。各测点3年间水质稳定,能够满足大鲵栖息地对水质的要求。因此,按照生态旅游要求实施的旅游设施建设与旅游活动管理,可以达到旅游开发与野生动物保护的协调发展的效果。
In order to ascertain the effect of tourism disturbance on the water quality in habitat for Chinese giant salamander( Andrias davidianus,CGS),the water quality in CGS habitat was investigated under different intensity of tourism disturbance in Zhangjiajie city from 2014 to 2016. Five indexes including dissolved oxygen( DO),chemical oxygen demand( COD),total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorus( TP) and Escherichia coli were selected to analyze comprehensively with the grey clustering method and nutrition state quality index method. The results showed that during the three years,only 3 of the 18 measuring points were class Ⅱ water quality while the others were class Ⅰ; TP was the main influence index affected by tourism disturbance. The water quality were stable during 2014—2016,which could meet the requirements of water quality for the CGS'habitat. Therefore,the coordinated development of tourism development and wildlife protection can be achieved by implementing the construction of tourism facilities and management of tourism activities in accordance with the requirements of ecotourism.
In order to ascertain the effect of tourism disturbance on the water quality in habitat for Chinese giant salamander( Andrias davidianus,CGS),the water quality in CGS habitat was investigated under different intensity of tourism disturbance in Zhangjiajie city from 2014 to 2016. Five indexes including dissolved oxygen( DO),chemical oxygen demand( COD),total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorus( TP) and Escherichia coli were selected to analyze comprehensively with the grey clustering method and nutrition state quality index method. The results showed that during the three years,only 3 of the 18 measuring points were class Ⅱ water quality while the others were class Ⅰ; TP was the main influence index affected by tourism disturbance. The water quality were stable during 2014—2016,which could meet the requirements of water quality for the CGS'habitat. Therefore,the coordinated development of tourism development and wildlife protection can be achieved by implementing the construction of tourism facilities and management of tourism activities in accordance with the requirements of ecotourism.
引文
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[3] Vassiliki M,Angeliki M,Elias D. Assessing the impacts of human activities and soil erosion on the water quality of Plastira mountainous Mediterranean Lake,Greece[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(10):1-14.
[4] Sun D,Walsh D. Review of studies on environmental impacts of recreation and tourism in Australia[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,1998,53(4):323-338.
[5] Phillip D A T,Antoine P,Cooper V,et al. Impact of recreation on recreational water quality of a small tropical stream[J]. Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2009,11(6):1192-1198.
[6]刘伟华，张正旺．生态旅游对水生动物多样性的影响[J]．天津师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2015,35(3):174-178.
[7] Luo Q H,Song Y J,Hu X,et al. Effects of tourism disturbance on habitat quality and population size of the Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus)[J]. Wildlife Research,2018,45(5):411-420.
[8]杨晓妮，杨浩．基于灰色聚类法的洮河干流水环境质量综合评价[J]．甘肃农业大学学报，2017,52(3):95-101.
[9]庞博，李玉霞，童玲．基于灰色聚类法和模糊综合法的水质评价[J]．环境科学与技术，2011,34(11):185-188.
[10]马太玲，张江山．环境影响评价[M].2版．武汉:华中科技大学出版社，2012.
[11]宿伟萍，王继富，刘兴土，等．基于灰色聚类法的大庆市油田开发区湿地水环境质量评价[J]．中国农学通报，2011,27(32):315-319.
[12]李娜，黎佳茜，李国文，等．中国典型湖泊富营养化现状与区域性差异分析[J]．水生生物学报，2018,42(4):854-864.
[13]罗庆华．张家界大鲵生境特征[J]．应用生态学报，2009,20(7):1723-1730.
[14] Ikner L A,Toomey R S,Ginger N,et al. Culturable microbial diversity and the impact of tourism in Kartchner Caverns,Arizona[J]. Microbial Ecology,2007,53:30-42.
[15]罗庆华，童芳，陶水秀，等．旅游干扰对张家界大鲵生境空间及水质的影响[J]．应用生态学报，2019,30(6):2101-2108.
[16]张家界市畜牧兽医水产局．湖南省张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区科学考察报告[R]．湖南:张家界市畜牧兽医水产局1995. 10.
[17]冯彦，何大明，杨丽萍．河流健康评价的主评指标筛选[J]．地理研究，2012,31(3):389-398.
[18]国家环境保护总局，国家质量监督检验检疫总局．地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838—2002[S]．北京:中国环境科学出版社，2002.
[19]张学超，刘营，胡红智，等．基于灰色聚类的威海双岛湾海域富营养化水平评价[J]．水产科学，2013,32(10):605-608.
[20]刘鉴毅，肖汉兵，林锡芝．大鲵饲养池水质状况分析[J]．淡水渔业，1992(2):16-18.
[21]郭丽丽，于大涛．大连红土堆子湾水质灰色聚类分析[J]．海洋地质动态，2009,25(10):26-29.
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