面向新疆平原灌区的LEACH路由算法研究
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摘要
已研究的无线传感器网络系统多使用于温室大棚、中部平原等环境中,并采用LEACH路由算法均衡网络能量,以达到延长网络寿命的目的;这些网络中节点与节点之间的距离较近、面积规模较小、每个节点能量相对充足,因此在使用LEACH路由算法时不容易出现因选取簇头不当、节点能耗过快而产生网络空洞等问题;但在新疆平原灌区中进行无线布网时,因硬件成本有限、地理环境复杂等各种因素的限制,导致部署出来的无线传感器网络是一种典型的Zig Bee广域网,该网络中节点与节点间距离较远,不同节点之间传输信息时能量消耗过大,因此当网络中选举不当节点作为簇头时会因该节点能量消耗过快而产生节点失效的问题,产生网络空洞现象;本文针对这种现象,在面向新疆平原灌区网络这一限制区域中,联合节点距离、密度及剩余能量提出了一种的改进型LEACH算法,该算法针对传统LEACH算法在随机选取簇头过程中的缺点,在簇头选取过程中,首先将网络按照终端节点与基站之间的距离等级划分为多个区域,使得距离基站越近的节点成为簇头的概率越大,然后通过各个区域中节点密度和剩余能量因素将适合的节点选举为簇头,提高网络利用率,解决网络空洞问题,延长网络生命周期。采用Matlab软件对改进算法进行仿真,实验结果表明在节点稀疏的网络中改进后的LEACH算法比传统LEACH算法的网络寿命提升了16%,且可以满足新疆平原灌区中广域网络要求,减少了网络空洞问题的产生。
With the wide use of wireless sensor networks in agricultural areas, the LEACH routing algorithm is often used to balance the energy of the network in the agricultural region,to achieve the purpose of prolonging network life;In these networks, the distance between the node and the node is very close, the network area is very small and the energy of each node is relatively sufficient, therefore, it is not easy to generate the network hole problem caused by the irrational network holes caused by randomly selected cluster heads when using the LEACH routing algorithm; but the wireless distribution network in Xinjiang plain irrigation area, various factors such as hardware cost and special geographic environment are considered. So that the deployed wireless sensor network is a typical ZigBee wide area network. In this network, the distance between nodes is far from the nodes, therefore, cluster heads can't be randomly selected in the network. If the improper nodes are selected as cluster heads, the energy consumption of nodes will be too fast, resulting in node failure and network cavitation. In view of this phenomenon, this paper proposes an improved LEACH algorithm based on node distance and node density, the algorithm for the traditional LEACH algorithm in randomly selected cluster head in the process of the shortcomings in the cluster head selection process, considering the residual energy of node and the network node location and node density, as far as possible to select higher residual energy in a network node density is high in the area from the base station node distance as the cluster head to Improve network utilization, solve the problem of network hole and prolong the life cycle of network.
With the wide use of wireless sensor networks in agricultural areas, the LEACH routing algorithm is often used to balance the energy of the network in the agricultural region,to achieve the purpose of prolonging network life;In these networks, the distance between the node and the node is very close, the network area is very small and the energy of each node is relatively sufficient, therefore, it is not easy to generate the network hole problem caused by the irrational network holes caused by randomly selected cluster heads when using the LEACH routing algorithm; but the wireless distribution network in Xinjiang plain irrigation area, various factors such as hardware cost and special geographic environment are considered. So that the deployed wireless sensor network is a typical ZigBee wide area network. In this network, the distance between nodes is far from the nodes, therefore, cluster heads can't be randomly selected in the network. If the improper nodes are selected as cluster heads, the energy consumption of nodes will be too fast, resulting in node failure and network cavitation. In view of this phenomenon, this paper proposes an improved LEACH algorithm based on node distance and node density, the algorithm for the traditional LEACH algorithm in randomly selected cluster head in the process of the shortcomings in the cluster head selection process, considering the residual energy of node and the network node location and node density, as far as possible to select higher residual energy in a network node density is high in the area from the base station node distance as the cluster head to Improve network utilization, solve the problem of network hole and prolong the life cycle of network.
引文
[1] Heinzelman WR, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H. Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless sensor networks[C]//Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE Computer Society, 2000:8020
[2] Ahlawat A, Malik V. An Extended Vice-Cluster Selection Approach to Improve V Leach Protocol in WSN[C]//Third International Conference onAdvanced Computing&CommunicationTechnologies, IEEE Computer Society, 2013:236-240
[3]李年琼,黄宏光,李鹏.基于剩余能量和位置的LEACH改进算法[J].计算机工程,2012,38(24):70-73,77
[4]顾明霞.一种新的基于LEACH的WSN路由算法[J].计算机仿真,2011,28(8):129-133
[5]叶继华,王文,江爱文.一种基于LEACH的异构WSN能量均衡成簇协议[J].传感技术学报,2015,28(12):1853-1860
[6]蒋建明,史国栋,李正明,等.基于无线传感器网络的节能型水产养殖自动监控系统[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(13):166-174
[7]叶继华,王文,江爱文.一种基于LEACH的异构WSN能量均衡成簇协议[J].传感技术学报,2015(12):1853-1860
[8]周洁,石志东,张震,等.WSN中一种基于LEACH协议的改进算法[J].上海大学学报:自然科学版,2013,19(2):116-119
[9]马建乐,杨军.基于位置和剩余能量的局部集中式LEACH算法研究[J].传感技术学报,2013(8):1147-1151
[10]廖明华,张华,王东.基于LEACH协议的簇头选举改进算法[J].计算机工程,2011,37(7):112-114
[11]严斌亨,陈任秋,刘军.能量优化的无线传感器网络LEACH算法[J].传感器与微系统,2016,35(7):120-122
[12]谭军.簇首选择改进的LEACH无线传感器路由协议[J].计算机应用与软件,2015(6):171-173
[13] Ran G, Zhang HZ, Gong SL. Improving on LEACH Protocol of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Fuzzy Logic[J].Journal of Information&Computational Science, 2010,7(3):767-775
[14] Godbole V. FCA-An Approach On LEACH Protocol Of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Fuzzy Logic[J]. International Journal of Computer Communications and Networks(IJCCN), 2013,2(3):1-13
[15] Banimelhem O, Taqieddin E, Awad F, et al. Fuzzy Logic-Based Cluster Heads Percentage Calculation for Improving the Performance of the LEACH Protocol[J]. International Journal of Fuzzy System Applications, 2015,4(4):100-118
[2] Ahlawat A, Malik V. An Extended Vice-Cluster Selection Approach to Improve V Leach Protocol in WSN[C]//Third International Conference onAdvanced Computing&CommunicationTechnologies, IEEE Computer Society, 2013:236-240
[3]李年琼,黄宏光,李鹏.基于剩余能量和位置的LEACH改进算法[J].计算机工程,2012,38(24):70-73,77
[4]顾明霞.一种新的基于LEACH的WSN路由算法[J].计算机仿真,2011,28(8):129-133
[5]叶继华,王文,江爱文.一种基于LEACH的异构WSN能量均衡成簇协议[J].传感技术学报,2015,28(12):1853-1860
[6]蒋建明,史国栋,李正明,等.基于无线传感器网络的节能型水产养殖自动监控系统[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(13):166-174
[7]叶继华,王文,江爱文.一种基于LEACH的异构WSN能量均衡成簇协议[J].传感技术学报,2015(12):1853-1860
[8]周洁,石志东,张震,等.WSN中一种基于LEACH协议的改进算法[J].上海大学学报:自然科学版,2013,19(2):116-119
[9]马建乐,杨军.基于位置和剩余能量的局部集中式LEACH算法研究[J].传感技术学报,2013(8):1147-1151
[10]廖明华,张华,王东.基于LEACH协议的簇头选举改进算法[J].计算机工程,2011,37(7):112-114
[11]严斌亨,陈任秋,刘军.能量优化的无线传感器网络LEACH算法[J].传感器与微系统,2016,35(7):120-122
[12]谭军.簇首选择改进的LEACH无线传感器路由协议[J].计算机应用与软件,2015(6):171-173
[13] Ran G, Zhang HZ, Gong SL. Improving on LEACH Protocol of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Fuzzy Logic[J].Journal of Information&Computational Science, 2010,7(3):767-775
[14] Godbole V. FCA-An Approach On LEACH Protocol Of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Fuzzy Logic[J]. International Journal of Computer Communications and Networks(IJCCN), 2013,2(3):1-13
[15] Banimelhem O, Taqieddin E, Awad F, et al. Fuzzy Logic-Based Cluster Heads Percentage Calculation for Improving the Performance of the LEACH Protocol[J]. International Journal of Fuzzy System Applications, 2015,4(4):100-118
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