乌什县核桃叶片黄化与土壤矿质营养的关系
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摘要
为探明引起新疆乌什县核桃树叶片黄化的主要因素,连续3年(2014—2016)对区域内5个核桃生产园中叶片黄化的植株叶片及土壤中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn 8种矿质营养进行测定,并对核桃叶片叶绿素含量与叶片及土壤矿质营养的相关性进行分析。结果表明,正常植株叶片N、Fe、Mn含量显著高于黄化植株(P<0.01),其中正常植株和黄化植株叶片N含量均低于核桃叶片养分需求的下限值(2.1%);正常植株土壤中有效N、K、Fe含量显著高于黄化植株(P<0.01),黄化植株土壤Fe含量低于植物生长所需土壤适宜范围的下限值(10%);相关分析表明,叶片叶绿素含量与叶片中N、K、Fe、Mn含量和土壤中Fe、Zn含量呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著正相关(P<0.01)。通过上述综合对比分析,初步认为引发乌什县核桃叶片黄化的主要因素是N、Fe元素缺乏。
In order to explore the reasons for leaves yellowing of walnut in Xinjiang Wushi county, the experiment was conducted in2014—2016, the five walnut orchard of Wushi county was as study areas, the nutritional elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc contents in leaves of normal and yellowing walnut tree and also in their soils were measured, and the relationship between walnut leaf chlorophyll content and soil mineral nutrients was analyzed. The results showed that nitrogen, iron and manganese contents in leaves of the trees with yellowing leaves were significantly lower than those in leaves of the trees with normal leaves respectively(P<0.01). The Nitrogen contents both in normal and yellowing leaves were below the limit of2.1% of walnut. Also the nitrogen, potassium, iron content in soils of the trees with yellowing leaves were significantly lower than that in soils of the trees with normal leaves(P<0.01). Compared with the suitable range of soils nutrition content, the iron content was below the limit of 10%. Correlation analysis indicated that there was significantly positive correlation between chlorophyll content in leaves and leaves nitrogen, potassium, iron, manganese content, and also soil iron, zinc content(P<0.05). According to the above contrastive analysis, it was considered that leaves yellowing of walnut in Wushi county were caused by lack of nitrogen, iron.
In order to explore the reasons for leaves yellowing of walnut in Xinjiang Wushi county, the experiment was conducted in2014—2016, the five walnut orchard of Wushi county was as study areas, the nutritional elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc contents in leaves of normal and yellowing walnut tree and also in their soils were measured, and the relationship between walnut leaf chlorophyll content and soil mineral nutrients was analyzed. The results showed that nitrogen, iron and manganese contents in leaves of the trees with yellowing leaves were significantly lower than those in leaves of the trees with normal leaves respectively(P<0.01). The Nitrogen contents both in normal and yellowing leaves were below the limit of2.1% of walnut. Also the nitrogen, potassium, iron content in soils of the trees with yellowing leaves were significantly lower than that in soils of the trees with normal leaves(P<0.01). Compared with the suitable range of soils nutrition content, the iron content was below the limit of 10%. Correlation analysis indicated that there was significantly positive correlation between chlorophyll content in leaves and leaves nitrogen, potassium, iron, manganese content, and also soil iron, zinc content(P<0.05). According to the above contrastive analysis, it was considered that leaves yellowing of walnut in Wushi county were caused by lack of nitrogen, iron.
引文
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[24]姚元涛,刘谦,张丽霞,等.山东棕壤茶园幼龄茶树叶片黄化病因诊断与防治研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):219-224.
[25]王光州,韩慧韬,车金鑫,等.不同铁制剂对石灰性土壤条件下猕猴桃缺铁黄化的矫治效果[J].果树学报,2011,28(1):61-65.
[26]何天明,刘泽军,覃伟铭,等.土壤因子对库尔勒香梨缺铁失绿症发生的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(1):97-103.
[27]PITTMAN J K. Managing the manganese:Molecular mechanisms of manganese transport and homeostasis[J]. New phytologist, 2005,167(3):733-742.
[28]WILSON DO, BOSWELL FC, OHKI K, et al. Changes in soybean seed oil and protein as influenced by manganese nutrition[J].Crop science,1982,22(5):948-952.
[29]张学周,严程明,李学深,等.旱季菠萝叶片黄化调查与分析[J].热带农业科学,2012(12):3-5.
[30]尹立红.猕猴桃黄化病与其营养关系研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[31]沈兆敏,柴寿昌.中国现代柑橘技术[M].第1版.北京:金盾出版社,2008.
[2]CBLAKMORE L,曹文藻,张明.土壤化学分析方法(一)[J].耕作与栽培,1983,10(4):40-44.
[3]佘纲哲.作物营养诊断新法——酶学诊断法[J].河南农林科技,1980(8):40.
[4]凌丽俐,彭良志,淳长品,等.赣南纽荷尔脐橙叶片黄化与营养元素丰缺的相关性[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(17):3602-3607.
[5]张广越.赣南脐橙叶片黄化与镁硼元素丰缺关系研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2009.
[6]涂美艳,陈栋,孙淑霞,等.桃树黄化程度与土壤理化指标的关系[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(2):705-709.
[7]赵越,吴玉霞,何天明.基于质外体pH和铁素分析的‘库尔勒香梨’黄化症诊断研究[J].果树学报,2016,33(2):210-216.
[8]吴自然,侯炤琪,黄展飞,等.梨铁营养评价指标筛选及活性铁离子形态探讨[J].扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2016,37(2):106-110.
[9]孙旭东,刘燕德,肖怀春,等.正常、缺素和黄龙病柑桔叶片高光谱成像快速诊断[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2017,37(2):551-556.
[10]范七君,牛英,陈传武,等.叶片黄化金柑植株的叶片及土壤矿质营养含量分析[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(3):470-474.
[11]刘文国,王锋,赵强,等.猕猴桃园土壤状况与果树叶片叶绿素和铁素质量分数的通径分析[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(11):1664-1671.
[12]LINH T L,马海洋,同延安,等.猕猴桃黄化病营养诊断与土壤养分相关性的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012,1673(6):41-44.
[13]姚元涛,刘谦,张丽霞,等.山东棕壤茶园幼龄茶树叶片黄化病因诊断与防治研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):219-224.
[14]李立平,王益权,张佳宝,等.不同土层深度土壤性质对黄土地区果树黄化的影响[J].土壤通报,2003,34(2):136-139.
[15]温明霞,吴韶辉,王鹏,等.温州蜜柑叶片黄化果园土壤及叶片的养分含量特征[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):124-138.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第3版.北京:中国农业出版社.
[17]张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].第3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2003:70.
[18]刘云鹏,徐福元,解春霞,等.林木黄化的发生原因与防治[J].林业科技开发,2010,24(1):5-9.
[19]COLE D J A, HARESIGN W, HENRICHSMEYER W.MineralNutrition ofFruitTrees[M]. UK:British Library Cataloguing,1980.
[20]MARSCHNER H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants[M].Oxford:Academic press inc,1995.
[21]马纳斯(H).高等植物的矿质影响[M].曹一平,译.北京:北京林业大学出版社,1991.
[22]戴维·雷蒙斯.核桃园经营与管理[M].奚声珂,花晓梅,译.北京:北京林业出版社,1980.
[23]白鹏华,刘奇志,李红旭,等.梨树叶片黄化与根际土壤微生物及养分关系[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(6):1332-1336.
[24]姚元涛,刘谦,张丽霞,等.山东棕壤茶园幼龄茶树叶片黄化病因诊断与防治研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(1):219-224.
[25]王光州,韩慧韬,车金鑫,等.不同铁制剂对石灰性土壤条件下猕猴桃缺铁黄化的矫治效果[J].果树学报,2011,28(1):61-65.
[26]何天明,刘泽军,覃伟铭,等.土壤因子对库尔勒香梨缺铁失绿症发生的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(1):97-103.
[27]PITTMAN J K. Managing the manganese:Molecular mechanisms of manganese transport and homeostasis[J]. New phytologist, 2005,167(3):733-742.
[28]WILSON DO, BOSWELL FC, OHKI K, et al. Changes in soybean seed oil and protein as influenced by manganese nutrition[J].Crop science,1982,22(5):948-952.
[29]张学周,严程明,李学深,等.旱季菠萝叶片黄化调查与分析[J].热带农业科学,2012(12):3-5.
[30]尹立红.猕猴桃黄化病与其营养关系研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[31]沈兆敏,柴寿昌.中国现代柑橘技术[M].第1版.北京:金盾出版社,2008.
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