实时温度与循环载荷作用下花岗岩单轴力学特性实验研究
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摘要
采用多功能岩石高温三轴实验机,通过实验对比分析花岗岩在实时温度和循环载荷作用下的单轴应力–应变特性,揭示温度与循环载荷对其力学特性的影响规律,研究表明:(1)实时温度下花岗岩的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量随温度升高总体呈下降趋势。极限应变随温度的变化规律呈"W"型,即25℃～200℃,极限应变随温度升高而降低;200℃～300℃,随温度升高而增大;300℃～500℃,随温度升高而降低;500℃～600℃,随温度升高而升高;(2)经应力循环后其弹性模量普遍提高,但温度不同提高的幅度不同,100℃时提高的幅度最小,400℃时提高的幅度最大,提高值主要发生在第2次应力循环,从第2～50次的应力循环中弹性模量的变化较小;(3)在25℃和600℃,花岗岩经有限的几次循环后便发生破坏,强度较应力循环前有所降低,而在其他温度点,经应力循环后其强度有不同程度的提高;(4)花岗岩在100℃和400℃温度条件下,经过50次应力循环后的极限应变值大于无应力循环的极限应变,其他温度点的变化非常微小。研究结果对涉及温度和循环应力同时作用下岩石类工程稳定性研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
The uniaxial stress-strain tests of granite under different temperatures and cyclic loads were performed utilizing the multi-functional rock high temperature triaxial testing machine,and the effect of the temperature and the cyclic load on the mechanical properties of granite was revealed. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of granite decrease generally with increasing the temperature. The ultimate strain changes with the temperature in W shape. Specifically,the ultimate strain of granite firstly decreases with rising the temperature from 25 ℃ to 200 ℃,secondly increases from 200 ℃ to 300 ℃,thirdly decreases from 300 ℃ to 500 ℃ and then increases from 500 ℃ to 600 ℃. The elastic modulus of granite increases generally due to cyclic loads,and the increase amplitude is different with different temperatures with the minimum and maximum values at 100 ℃ and 400 ℃ respectively. The increase of the elastic modulus mainly occurs in the second stress cycle but is not obvious from the second to the 50 th stress cycle. At 25 ℃ and 600 ℃,granite samples fail after a limited number of stress cycles,and the strength is lower than that without stress cycle.However,the strength of the samples after stress cycle shows different degrees of increase at other temperatures.The ultimate strain of granite subjected to 50 stress cycles is greater than that without stress cycle at 100 ℃ and400 ℃ but changes slightly at other temperatures. The research results have important theoretical significance and application value for the study of engineering stability under the simultaneous action of temperature and cyclic stress.
The uniaxial stress-strain tests of granite under different temperatures and cyclic loads were performed utilizing the multi-functional rock high temperature triaxial testing machine,and the effect of the temperature and the cyclic load on the mechanical properties of granite was revealed. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of granite decrease generally with increasing the temperature. The ultimate strain changes with the temperature in W shape. Specifically,the ultimate strain of granite firstly decreases with rising the temperature from 25 ℃ to 200 ℃,secondly increases from 200 ℃ to 300 ℃,thirdly decreases from 300 ℃ to 500 ℃ and then increases from 500 ℃ to 600 ℃. The elastic modulus of granite increases generally due to cyclic loads,and the increase amplitude is different with different temperatures with the minimum and maximum values at 100 ℃ and 400 ℃ respectively. The increase of the elastic modulus mainly occurs in the second stress cycle but is not obvious from the second to the 50 th stress cycle. At 25 ℃ and 600 ℃,granite samples fail after a limited number of stress cycles,and the strength is lower than that without stress cycle.However,the strength of the samples after stress cycle shows different degrees of increase at other temperatures.The ultimate strain of granite subjected to 50 stress cycles is greater than that without stress cycle at 100 ℃ and400 ℃ but changes slightly at other temperatures. The research results have important theoretical significance and application value for the study of engineering stability under the simultaneous action of temperature and cyclic stress.
引文
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[15]冯春林,吴永丰,冯福贤.岩石的疲劳特性和临界应力测定方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):2 734-2 740.(FENGChunlin,WU Yongfeng,FENG Fuxian.Study of Fatigue properties and critical stress measurement method of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.1):2 734-2 740.(in Chinese))
[16]王鸿,许江,杨秀贵.循环载荷条件下岩石塑性滞回环的演化规律[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2006,29(4):80-82.(WANG Hong,XU Jiang,YANG Xiugui.Evolvement of plastic-loop of fine-sandstone under the loading and unloading conditions[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science,2006,29(4):80-82.(in Chinese))
[17]李成杰,徐颖,娄培杰,等.等荷载循环加卸载下砂岩变形滞回环特性[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(20):139-143.(LI Chengjie,XU Ying,LOU Peijie,et al.Characteristics of hysteresis of sandstone deformation under constant and cyclic loading[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(20):139-143.(in Chinese))
[18]胡广,赵其华,何云松,等.循环荷载作用下斜长花岗岩弹性模量演化规律[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(5):881-890.(HU Guang,ZHAO Qihua,HE Yunsong,et al.Elastic modulus’s evolution law of plagio granite under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2016,24(5):881-890.(in Chinese))
[19]许江,鲜学福,王鸿,等.循环加、卸载条件下岩石类材料变形特性的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):3 040-3 045.(XU Jiang,XIAN Xuefu,WANG Hong,et al.Experimental study on rock deformation characteristics under cycling loanding and unloading conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.1):3 040-3 045.(in Chinese))
[20]王建国,王振伟,马少鹏.循环载荷作用下岩石材料变形场演化试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增2):3 335-3 341.(WANG Jianguo,WANG Zhenwei,MA Shaopeng.Test study on deformation field evolution of rock material under cyclic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.2):3 335-3 341.(in Chinese))
[21]孙强,张志镇,薛雷,等.岩石高温相变与物理力学性质变化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(5):935-942.(SUN Qiang,ZHANG Zhizhen,XUE Lei,et al.Physico-mechanical properties variation of rock with phase transformation under high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(5):935-942.(in Chinese))
[22]徐小丽,高峰,张志镇,等.实时高温下加载速率对花岗岩力学特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(8):2 184-2 191.(XUXiaoli,GAO Feng,ZHANG Zhizhen,et al.Experimental study of the effect of loading rates on mechanical properties of granite at real-time high temperature[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(8):2 184-2 191.(in Chinese))
[2]REN S,BAI Y,ZHANG J,et al.Experimental investigation of the fatigue properties of salt rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,64:68-72.
[3]夏才初,周舒威,胡永生,等.循环单轴应力和循环温度作用下玄武岩力学性质初探[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(6):1 016-1 024.(XIA Caichu,ZHOU Shuwei,HU Yongsheng,et al.Preliminary study on mechanical property of basalt subjected to cyclic uniaxial stress and cyclic temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(6):1 016-1 024.(in Chinese))
[4]许锡昌,刘泉声.高温下花岗岩基本力学性质初步研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):332-335.(XU Xichang,LIU Quansheng.Apreliminary study on basic mechanical properties for granite at high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):332-335.(in Chinese))
[5]YANG S Q,RANJITH P G,JING H W,et al.An experimental investigation on thermal damage and failure mechanical behavior of granite after exposure to different high temperature treatments[J].Geothermics,2017,65:180-197.
[6]林祥,张振义.高温环境下石灰岩基本力学性质初步研究[J].金属矿山,2009,394(4):29-31.(LIN Xiang,ZHANG Zhenyi.Apreliminary study of the basic mechanical properties for limestone at high temperature[J].Metalmine,2009,394(4):29-31.(in Chinese))
[7]YIN T,SHU R,LI X,et al.Comparison of mechanical properties in high temperature and thermal treatment granite[J].Transaction of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(7):1 926-1 937.
[8]SHAO S,RANJITH P G,WASANTHA P L P,et al.Experimental and numerical studies on the mechanical behaviour of Australian Strathbogie granite at high temperatures:An application to geothermal energy[J].Geothermics,2015,54:96-108.
[9]蒋海昆,张流,周永胜.不同温度条件下花岗岩变形破坏及声发射时序特征[J].地震,2000,20(3):87-94.(JIANG Haikun,ZHANGLiu,ZHOU Yongsheng.Characteristics of AE temporal sequences in the process of deformation and failure of granite at high pressure and different temperatures[J].Earthquake,2000,20(3):87-94.(in Chinese))
[10]徐小丽,高峰,张志镇.高温作用对花岗岩强度及变形特性的影响[J].广西大学学报:自然科学版,2013,38(4):912-917.(XUXiaoli,GAO Feng,ZHANG Zhizhen.Influence of high temperature on strength and deformation of granite[J].Journal of Guangxi University:Natural Science,2013,38(4):912-917.(in Chinese))
[11]徐小丽,高峰,钟卫平,等.温度作用下花岗岩力学性质实验研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2008,28(4):651-656.(XU Xiaoli,GAO Feng,ZHONG Weiping,et al.Experimental research on mechanical characteristics of granite under temperature loads[J].Journal of Xi?an University of Science and Technology,2008,28(4):651-656.(in Chinese))
[12]杨昊天,徐进,王璐,等.花岗岩力学特性温度效应的试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2013,9(1):96-100.(YANG Haotian,XU Jin,WANG Lu,et al.Experimental study on temperature effect of the mechanical properties of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2013,9(1):96-100.(in Chinese))
[13]赵阳升,郤保平,万志军,等.高温高压下花岗岩中钻孔变形失稳临界条件研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(5):865-874.(ZHAO Yangsheng,XI Baoping,WAN Zhijun,et al.Study of critical condition of borehole instability in granite under high temperature and high pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(5):865-874.(in Chinese))
[14]万志军,赵阳升,董付科,等.高温及三轴应力下花岗岩体力学特性的实验研究[J].2008,27(1):72-77.(WAN Zhijun,ZHAOYangsheng,DONG Fuke,et al.Experimental study on mechanical characteristics of granite under high temperatures and triaxial stresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):72-77.(in Chinese))
[15]冯春林,吴永丰,冯福贤.岩石的疲劳特性和临界应力测定方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):2 734-2 740.(FENGChunlin,WU Yongfeng,FENG Fuxian.Study of Fatigue properties and critical stress measurement method of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.1):2 734-2 740.(in Chinese))
[16]王鸿,许江,杨秀贵.循环载荷条件下岩石塑性滞回环的演化规律[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2006,29(4):80-82.(WANG Hong,XU Jiang,YANG Xiugui.Evolvement of plastic-loop of fine-sandstone under the loading and unloading conditions[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science,2006,29(4):80-82.(in Chinese))
[17]李成杰,徐颖,娄培杰,等.等荷载循环加卸载下砂岩变形滞回环特性[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(20):139-143.(LI Chengjie,XU Ying,LOU Peijie,et al.Characteristics of hysteresis of sandstone deformation under constant and cyclic loading[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(20):139-143.(in Chinese))
[18]胡广,赵其华,何云松,等.循环荷载作用下斜长花岗岩弹性模量演化规律[J].工程地质学报,2016,24(5):881-890.(HU Guang,ZHAO Qihua,HE Yunsong,et al.Elastic modulus’s evolution law of plagio granite under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2016,24(5):881-890.(in Chinese))
[19]许江,鲜学福,王鸿,等.循环加、卸载条件下岩石类材料变形特性的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):3 040-3 045.(XU Jiang,XIAN Xuefu,WANG Hong,et al.Experimental study on rock deformation characteristics under cycling loanding and unloading conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.1):3 040-3 045.(in Chinese))
[20]王建国,王振伟,马少鹏.循环载荷作用下岩石材料变形场演化试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增2):3 335-3 341.(WANG Jianguo,WANG Zhenwei,MA Shaopeng.Test study on deformation field evolution of rock material under cyclic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.2):3 335-3 341.(in Chinese))
[21]孙强,张志镇,薛雷,等.岩石高温相变与物理力学性质变化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(5):935-942.(SUN Qiang,ZHANG Zhizhen,XUE Lei,et al.Physico-mechanical properties variation of rock with phase transformation under high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(5):935-942.(in Chinese))
[22]徐小丽,高峰,张志镇,等.实时高温下加载速率对花岗岩力学特性影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(8):2 184-2 191.(XUXiaoli,GAO Feng,ZHANG Zhizhen,et al.Experimental study of the effect of loading rates on mechanical properties of granite at real-time high temperature[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(8):2 184-2 191.(in Chinese))
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