格子坝拦挡黏性泥石流闭塞过程及其闭塞判识实验研究
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摘要
坝体闭塞程度是透过型拦砂坝拦挡泥石流的重要特征之一,其决定着拦砂坝的拦挡效益。目前,对于格子坝拦挡黏性泥石流的设计还处在经验阶段,关于其闭塞类型和临界闭塞条件的研究较少,尚缺乏理论依据和技术指标,是泥石流防治工程设计急需解决的技术问题。通过室内水槽实验和理论分析,研究格子坝拦挡黏性泥石流闭塞过程及其闭塞判识方法。格子坝的闭塞主要受泥石流容重、格子坝开口间距与水槽坡度影响。格子坝拦挡黏性泥石流存在3种闭塞类型,即全闭塞类型、半闭塞类型、未闭塞类型。给出格子坝的闭塞临界综合判据F,实验结果表明,当F≤0.99时,格子坝表现为全闭塞类型;当0.99 Blocking degree is one of the important features when open type check dam intercepts debris flow,which determines the debris flow control benefits of check dam. So far,the design of grid-type dam trapping viscous debris flow is still in the experience stage,and there are few research on blocking type and blocking criterion. There is no theoretical basis and technical index,which urgently needs to be solved for debris flow preventing engineering design. Through the flume experiment and theoretical analysis,we study the blocking process and blocking recognition of viscous debris flow by a grid-type dam. The degree of blocking was affected by bulk density of debris flow,grid size of dam and flume slope. There are three kinds of blocked types of grid-type dam for viscous debris flow,which are total-blocked type,part-blocked type and opening type. In this study,a critical comprehensive criterion(F) of blocking performance of grid-type dam is proposed. Experimental results show that when F≤0.99,the type of blocking is total-blocked type;when 0.99
引文
[1]MIZUYAMA T.Structural countermeasures for debris flow disasters[J].International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering,2008,1(2):38-43.
[2]LIN X,HUO M,ZHOU J,et al.An experimental study on controlling post-earthquake debris flows using slit dams[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2017,76(22):780-794.
[3]ZOU Y,CHEN X.Effectiveness and efficiency of slot-check dam system on debris flow control[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions,2015,3(9):5777-5804.
[4]CHOI S K,LEE J M,KWON T H.Effect of slit-type barrier on characteristics of water-dominant debris flows:small-scale physical modeling[J].Landslides,2018,15(1):1-12.
[5]PITON G.,RECKING A.Design of sediment traps with open check dams.I:hydraulic and deposition processes[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,142(2):1-16.
[6]SHIMA J,MORIYAMA H,KOKURYO H,et al.Prevention and mitigation of debris flow hazards by using steel open-type sabo dams[J].International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering,2016,9(3):135-44.
[7]周必凡,李德基,罗德富,等.泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:153-162.(ZHOU Bifan,LI Deji,LUO Defu,et al.Guidelines of debris flow prevention and control[M].Beijing:Science Press,1991:153-162.(in Chinese))
[8]孟河清,王文俊,郝平.格拦坝水力机能的试验研究[C]//铁道部科学研究院西南研究所论文集(第2集).重庆:西南交通大学出版社,1991:136-140.(MENG Heqing,WANG Wenjun,HAO Ping.Experimental study on hydraulic function of grid-type dam[C]//Proceedings of the southwest research institute of the ministry of railways(Part 2).Chongqing:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1991:136-140.(in Chinese))
[9]TAKAHASHI T,NAKAGAWA H,SATOFUKA Y,et al.Stochastic model of blocking for a grid-type dam by large boulders in a debris flow[J].Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B,2001,45:703-708.
[10]TAKAHASHI T,NAKAGAWA H,SATOFUKA Y,et al.Simulation of debris flow control by a grid-type sago dam[J].Proceedings of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,46:689-694.
[11]MIYAZAWA N,TANISHIMA T,SUNADA K.Experimental study on debris flow capturing process of grid type sabo dam[J].Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B,2005,49:901-906.
[12]韩文兵.泥石流缝隙坝拦砂性能基础研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2007.(HAN Wenbing.Fundamental study on intercepting sediment capability of silt dam in preventing debris flow[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science.(in Chinese))
[13]GOTOH H,HARADA E,SAKAI T,et al.Numerical simulation of blocking process of grid-type dam by debris flow[J].Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B,2006,50:739-744.
[14]赵彦波,游勇,柳金峰,等.泥石流窗口坝闭塞类型及其临界条件实验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2015,35(2):256-262.(ZHAOYanbo,YOU Yong,LIU Jinfeng,et al.Experimental study on blocked types and critical conditions of window-frame dam preventing debris flow[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2015,35(2):256-262.(in Chinese))
[15]孙昊,游勇,柳金峰,等.泥石流梁式格栅坝闭塞临界判据及其拦沙性能试验研究[J].自然灾害学报,2017,26(4):125-134.(SUN Hao,YOU Yong,LIU Jinfeng,et al.Experimental study on characteristic of blocking and trapping sediment of debris flow beam dam[J].Journal of natural Disasters,2017,26(4):125-134.(in Chinese)
[16]游勇.泥石流梁式格栅坝拦砂性能试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1):113-115.(YOU Yong.Characteristics of intercepting sediment of debris flow check dam[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,15(1):113-115.(in Chinese))
[17]SHRESTHA B B,NAKAGAWA H,KAWAIKE K,et al.Numerical simulation on debris-flow deposition and erosion processes upstream of a check dam with experimental verification[J].Disaster Prevention Research Institute Annuals B,2008,51:613-624.
[18]黄勋,唐川,乐茂华,等.汶川震区银厂沟区域8.18暴雨泥石流灾害成灾机制与特征[J].工程地质学报,2013,21(5):761-769.(HUANG Xun,TANG Chuan,LE Maohua et al.Mechanism and characteristics on debris flow hazards in Yinchanggou area triggered by rainstorm on August 18,2012[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2013,21(5):761-769.(in Chinese)
[19]贾世涛,崔鹏,陈晓清,等.拦沙坝调节泥石流拦挡与输移性能的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(11):2 338-2 345.(JIA Shitao,CUI Peng,CHEN Xiaoqing,et al.Experimental study of regulating barrage and transportation properties of debris flow by silt-trap dam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(11):2 338-2 345.(in Chinese))
[20]葛永刚,宋国虎,郭朝旭,等.四川彭州龙门山镇8.18泥石流灾害特征与成灾模式分析[J].水利学报,2012,43(增2):147-154.(GEYonggang,SONG Guohu,GUO Chaoxu,et al.Characteristics and causes of 8.18 debris flow hazards at the Longmenshan town,Pengzhou,Sichuan[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(Supp.2):147-154.(in Chinese))
[21]蒋忠信.震后泥石流治理工程设计简明指南[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2014:111-121.(JIANG Zhongxin.The brief guide to the post-earthquake debris flow control engineering design[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,2014:111-121.(in Chinese))
[22]ITOH T,HORIUCHI S,MIZUYAMA T,et al.Hydraulic model tests for evaluating sediment control function with a grid-type Sabo dam in mountainous torrents[J].International Journal Sediment Research,2013,28(4):511-522.
[23]杨子阜.坝体型式对土石流拦阻堆积特性之研究[硕士学位论文][D].台中:朝阳科技大学,2005.(YANG Tzufu.Study on characteristics of debris flow retaining and deposition for various dam types[Master.Thesis][D].Taichung:Chaoyang University of Technology,2005.(in Chinese))
[24]陈冠宏.土石流浓度及细料对坝体拦阻特性影响之研究[硕士学位论文][D].台中:朝阳科技大学,2006.(CHEN Kuanhung.Characteristics of debris flow retaining and deposition with various percentage of consistency and fine textured soil[M.S.Thesis][D].Taichung:Chaoyang University of Technology,2006.(in Chinese))
[2]LIN X,HUO M,ZHOU J,et al.An experimental study on controlling post-earthquake debris flows using slit dams[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2017,76(22):780-794.
[3]ZOU Y,CHEN X.Effectiveness and efficiency of slot-check dam system on debris flow control[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions,2015,3(9):5777-5804.
[4]CHOI S K,LEE J M,KWON T H.Effect of slit-type barrier on characteristics of water-dominant debris flows:small-scale physical modeling[J].Landslides,2018,15(1):1-12.
[5]PITON G.,RECKING A.Design of sediment traps with open check dams.I:hydraulic and deposition processes[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,142(2):1-16.
[6]SHIMA J,MORIYAMA H,KOKURYO H,et al.Prevention and mitigation of debris flow hazards by using steel open-type sabo dams[J].International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering,2016,9(3):135-44.
[7]周必凡,李德基,罗德富,等.泥石流防治指南[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:153-162.(ZHOU Bifan,LI Deji,LUO Defu,et al.Guidelines of debris flow prevention and control[M].Beijing:Science Press,1991:153-162.(in Chinese))
[8]孟河清,王文俊,郝平.格拦坝水力机能的试验研究[C]//铁道部科学研究院西南研究所论文集(第2集).重庆:西南交通大学出版社,1991:136-140.(MENG Heqing,WANG Wenjun,HAO Ping.Experimental study on hydraulic function of grid-type dam[C]//Proceedings of the southwest research institute of the ministry of railways(Part 2).Chongqing:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1991:136-140.(in Chinese))
[9]TAKAHASHI T,NAKAGAWA H,SATOFUKA Y,et al.Stochastic model of blocking for a grid-type dam by large boulders in a debris flow[J].Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B,2001,45:703-708.
[10]TAKAHASHI T,NAKAGAWA H,SATOFUKA Y,et al.Simulation of debris flow control by a grid-type sago dam[J].Proceedings of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,46:689-694.
[11]MIYAZAWA N,TANISHIMA T,SUNADA K.Experimental study on debris flow capturing process of grid type sabo dam[J].Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B,2005,49:901-906.
[12]韩文兵.泥石流缝隙坝拦砂性能基础研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2007.(HAN Wenbing.Fundamental study on intercepting sediment capability of silt dam in preventing debris flow[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science.(in Chinese))
[13]GOTOH H,HARADA E,SAKAI T,et al.Numerical simulation of blocking process of grid-type dam by debris flow[J].Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B,2006,50:739-744.
[14]赵彦波,游勇,柳金峰,等.泥石流窗口坝闭塞类型及其临界条件实验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2015,35(2):256-262.(ZHAOYanbo,YOU Yong,LIU Jinfeng,et al.Experimental study on blocked types and critical conditions of window-frame dam preventing debris flow[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2015,35(2):256-262.(in Chinese))
[15]孙昊,游勇,柳金峰,等.泥石流梁式格栅坝闭塞临界判据及其拦沙性能试验研究[J].自然灾害学报,2017,26(4):125-134.(SUN Hao,YOU Yong,LIU Jinfeng,et al.Experimental study on characteristic of blocking and trapping sediment of debris flow beam dam[J].Journal of natural Disasters,2017,26(4):125-134.(in Chinese)
[16]游勇.泥石流梁式格栅坝拦砂性能试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1):113-115.(YOU Yong.Characteristics of intercepting sediment of debris flow check dam[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,15(1):113-115.(in Chinese))
[17]SHRESTHA B B,NAKAGAWA H,KAWAIKE K,et al.Numerical simulation on debris-flow deposition and erosion processes upstream of a check dam with experimental verification[J].Disaster Prevention Research Institute Annuals B,2008,51:613-624.
[18]黄勋,唐川,乐茂华,等.汶川震区银厂沟区域8.18暴雨泥石流灾害成灾机制与特征[J].工程地质学报,2013,21(5):761-769.(HUANG Xun,TANG Chuan,LE Maohua et al.Mechanism and characteristics on debris flow hazards in Yinchanggou area triggered by rainstorm on August 18,2012[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2013,21(5):761-769.(in Chinese)
[19]贾世涛,崔鹏,陈晓清,等.拦沙坝调节泥石流拦挡与输移性能的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(11):2 338-2 345.(JIA Shitao,CUI Peng,CHEN Xiaoqing,et al.Experimental study of regulating barrage and transportation properties of debris flow by silt-trap dam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(11):2 338-2 345.(in Chinese))
[20]葛永刚,宋国虎,郭朝旭,等.四川彭州龙门山镇8.18泥石流灾害特征与成灾模式分析[J].水利学报,2012,43(增2):147-154.(GEYonggang,SONG Guohu,GUO Chaoxu,et al.Characteristics and causes of 8.18 debris flow hazards at the Longmenshan town,Pengzhou,Sichuan[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(Supp.2):147-154.(in Chinese))
[21]蒋忠信.震后泥石流治理工程设计简明指南[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2014:111-121.(JIANG Zhongxin.The brief guide to the post-earthquake debris flow control engineering design[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,2014:111-121.(in Chinese))
[22]ITOH T,HORIUCHI S,MIZUYAMA T,et al.Hydraulic model tests for evaluating sediment control function with a grid-type Sabo dam in mountainous torrents[J].International Journal Sediment Research,2013,28(4):511-522.
[23]杨子阜.坝体型式对土石流拦阻堆积特性之研究[硕士学位论文][D].台中:朝阳科技大学,2005.(YANG Tzufu.Study on characteristics of debris flow retaining and deposition for various dam types[Master.Thesis][D].Taichung:Chaoyang University of Technology,2005.(in Chinese))
[24]陈冠宏.土石流浓度及细料对坝体拦阻特性影响之研究[硕士学位论文][D].台中:朝阳科技大学,2006.(CHEN Kuanhung.Characteristics of debris flow retaining and deposition with various percentage of consistency and fine textured soil[M.S.Thesis][D].Taichung:Chaoyang University of Technology,2006.(in Chinese))
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