相似材料模型试验应力测试装置的研制及应用
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摘要
针对传统应力指标测试方法在植入体与模型体力学性能匹配性、数据稳定性、试验可操作性等方面的不足,研制了基于相似材料母体的应力测试装置,包括其核心部件应力块,介绍了应力块的制作流程,包括坯体制作、贴片引线、防潮绝缘、裹沙封装等工艺。测试结果表明,该应力块具有良好的防潮绝缘性能,长时零漂占比3.25%～6.78%,零漂对测试结果无显著影响。采场相似模型试验应用效果表明,应力块的块体与模型材料力学性能匹配、变形协调性好,防潮绝缘特性适应模型铺设及养护期间的潮湿环境;测试结果能够直观反演覆岩采动应力的演化过程,为深入阐释覆岩运移破断的力学机理提供重要的试验依据。
In view of the shortage of previous stress measurement methods,especially in the following aspects: the compatibility of mechanical characteristics,stability of data acquisition,and model operability between embedded block and the model,a new type of stress testing apparatus has been developed,whose core component is the stress testing brick. The brick is made of the same material as the model,and the production process includes block processing,strain-gauge sticking,moisture-proof insulation processing and sand-coated sealing. Physical tests indicate that the stress testing block is of good moisture-proof insulation properties,and the rate of long-time zerodrift is 3.25% ～ 6.78%,which has little impact on experiment results. And its application in physical modeling experiment shows that the compatibility and deformation coordination of the block and model is excellent,and the moisture-proof insulation properties can adapt to the damp environment during model making and maintenance. Test results can intrinsically illustrate the stress evolution process during excavation,and can offer reference for further research on mechanical mechanism of strata movement and breaking.
In view of the shortage of previous stress measurement methods,especially in the following aspects: the compatibility of mechanical characteristics,stability of data acquisition,and model operability between embedded block and the model,a new type of stress testing apparatus has been developed,whose core component is the stress testing brick. The brick is made of the same material as the model,and the production process includes block processing,strain-gauge sticking,moisture-proof insulation processing and sand-coated sealing. Physical tests indicate that the stress testing block is of good moisture-proof insulation properties,and the rate of long-time zerodrift is 3.25% ～ 6.78%,which has little impact on experiment results. And its application in physical modeling experiment shows that the compatibility and deformation coordination of the block and model is excellent,and the moisture-proof insulation properties can adapt to the damp environment during model making and maintenance. Test results can intrinsically illustrate the stress evolution process during excavation,and can offer reference for further research on mechanical mechanism of strata movement and breaking.
引文
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[2]朱庆伟,信泰琦,孙学阳.近景摄影测量系统在相似模型位移监测中精度分析[J].煤矿开采,2016,21(2):106-108,113.ZHU Qingwei,XIN Taiqi,SUN Xueyang.Displacement monitoring precision of similarly model with close-range photogrammetry system[J].Coal Mining Technology,2016,21(2):106-108,113.
[3]杨化超,邓喀中,郭广礼.相似材料模型变形测量中的数字近景摄影测量监测技术[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(3):292-295.YANG Huachao,DENG Kazhong,GUO Guangli.Monitoring technique for deformation measurement of similar material model with digital close-range photogrammetry[J].Journal of China coal society,2006,31(3):292-295.
[4]李文阳,潘春娟,刘洪佳.土压力盒在混凝土结构模型试验中的应用[J].山西建筑,2007,33(32):83-84.LI Wenyang,PAN Chunjuan,LIU Hongjia.The application of earth-pressure cell in concrete structural model test[J].Shanxi Architecture,2007,33(32):83-84.
[5]WANG Hongwei,JIANG Yaodong,XUE Sheng,et al.Influence of fault slip on mining-induced pressure and optimization of roadway support design in fault-influenced zone[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2016,8(5):660-671.
[6]柴敬,邱标,刘金瑄,等.基于光纤光栅监测的松散地层深部注水试验[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(2):200-205.CHAI Jing,QIU Biao,LIU Jinxuan,et al.Water injection test in unconsolidated strata through deep borehole based on fiber Bragg grating monitoring[J].Journal of China coal society,2012,37(2):200-205.
[7]魏世明,马智勇,李宝富,等.围岩三维应力光栅监测方法及相似模拟实验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(1):138-143.WEI Shiming,MA Zhiyong,LI Baofu,et al.Study on the monitoring method of three-dimensional stress with FBG in surrounding rock and the simulation experiment[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(1):138-143.
[8]王静,李术才,隋青美,等.基于相似材料的光纤应变传感器在分区破裂模型试验中的研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(9):1570-1575.WANG Jing,LI Shucai,SUI Qingmei,et al.Study of FBG strain sensors based on similar materiel in zonal disintegration model test[J].Journal of China coal society,2012,37(9):1570-1575.
[9]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010.
[10]GB/T 23561.3-2009,《煤和岩石物理力学性质测定方法第3部分:煤和岩石块体密度测定方法》.
[11]尹福炎.金属箔式应变片制作工艺原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2011.
[12]余芹芹,乔娜,卢海静,等.植物根系对土体加筋效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(S1):3216-3223.YU Qinqin,QIAO Na,LU Haijing,et al.Effect study of plant roots reinforcement on soil[J].Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering,2012,31(S1):3216-3223.
[13]戴福隆,沈观林,谢惠民.实验力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010.
[14]娄金福,康红普,高富强,等.基于“顶板-煤壁-支架”综合评价的大采高支架工作阻力研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(11):2808-2816.LOU Jinfu,KANG Hongpu,GAO Fuqiang,et al.Determination of large-height support resistance based on multi-factor analysis[J].Journal of China coal society,2017,42(11):2808-2816.
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