珠江口盆地陆丰凹陷断裂构造特征及“人”字型构造成因
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摘要
陆丰凹陷位于珠江口盆地珠一坳陷东北部,被陆丰中央低凸起分隔成为南、北两个洼陷带,可进一步划分出惠州5洼、惠州11洼、陆丰7洼、陆丰13西洼、陆丰13东洼、陆丰15洼等次级构造单元。地震资料解释表明,不同构造单元内发育的主要构造样式具有差异性。其中"人"字型构造样式发育在陆丰中央低凸起的西部,向东逐渐演化为共轭式("X"型)构造样式。理论模型表明,只有在基底地垒顶面之上盖层的厚度大于共轭断层倾向交叉点的高度时,盖层中才能发育地堑,形成地堑叠加在地垒之上的"X"型构造样式,否则形成盖层地垒叠加基底地垒的构造样式。平衡演化剖面和构造物理模拟实验表明,"人"字型构造样式受先存走向非平行的基底隐伏断层控制,其经历了文昌组沉积期强烈断陷、恩平组沉积期弱断陷、珠海组沉积期断坳转换、新近纪裂后差异沉降等构造演化阶段。基底隐伏断层差异活动是导致盖层变形差异的主控因素,伸展应力方向的顺时针转变及其与基底隐伏断层之间的交角变化是产生基底断层活动差异的主要原因。
Lufeng sag is located in the north-eastern part of Zhu-I depression in Pearl River Mouth Basin,which is divided into the north and south depression zones by Lufeng Central Low Bulge region,further sub-divided into the secondary units such as Huizhou5 subsag,Huizhou 11 subsag,Lufeng 7 subsag,West subsag of Lufeng 13,East subsag of Lufeng 13 and Lufeng 15 subsag.Seismic data interpretation results indicate that the tectonic structures developed in different tectonic units present various patterns.The herringbone structure is developed in the western of Lufeng Central Low Bulge region,which gradually evolves to the conjugate tectonics("X" style)to the east.The theoretical model proves that only when the thickness of the cover layers on the top surface of basement horst is greater than the height of the intersection point of tilting conjugate faults,the horst can be developed on the cover to form the "X" pattern of graben superimposing on the horst.Otherwise,the tectonic pattern of cover horst superimposed on the basement horst will be formed.The balanced evolutionary profile and tectonic physical simulation results show that the herringbone structure is controlled by the non-parallel concealed basement fault,which experienced the strong rifting in Wenchang period,the weak rifting in Enping period,the fault-depression transition in Zhuhai period,and the Neogene post-rift differential subsidence.The different activity of concealed basement faults is the main control factor leading to the difference in cover deformation.The clockwise transition of the tensile stress and its angle change with the concealed basement fault are the main reasons for the different activities of basal fault.
Lufeng sag is located in the north-eastern part of Zhu-I depression in Pearl River Mouth Basin,which is divided into the north and south depression zones by Lufeng Central Low Bulge region,further sub-divided into the secondary units such as Huizhou5 subsag,Huizhou 11 subsag,Lufeng 7 subsag,West subsag of Lufeng 13,East subsag of Lufeng 13 and Lufeng 15 subsag.Seismic data interpretation results indicate that the tectonic structures developed in different tectonic units present various patterns.The herringbone structure is developed in the western of Lufeng Central Low Bulge region,which gradually evolves to the conjugate tectonics("X" style)to the east.The theoretical model proves that only when the thickness of the cover layers on the top surface of basement horst is greater than the height of the intersection point of tilting conjugate faults,the horst can be developed on the cover to form the "X" pattern of graben superimposing on the horst.Otherwise,the tectonic pattern of cover horst superimposed on the basement horst will be formed.The balanced evolutionary profile and tectonic physical simulation results show that the herringbone structure is controlled by the non-parallel concealed basement fault,which experienced the strong rifting in Wenchang period,the weak rifting in Enping period,the fault-depression transition in Zhuhai period,and the Neogene post-rift differential subsidence.The different activity of concealed basement faults is the main control factor leading to the difference in cover deformation.The clockwise transition of the tensile stress and its angle change with the concealed basement fault are the main reasons for the different activities of basal fault.
引文
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[15]施和生,何敏,张丽丽,等.珠江口盆地(东部)油气地质特征、成藏规律及下一步勘探策略[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(3):11-22.SHI Hesheng,HE Min,ZHANG Lili,et al.Hydrocarbon geology,accumulation pattern and the next exploration strategy in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Offshore oil and Gas,2014,26(3):11-22.
[16]陈汉宗,吴湘杰,周蒂,等.珠江口盆地中新生代主要断裂特征和动力背景分析[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(2):52-61.CHEN Hanzong,WU Xiangjie,ZHOU Di,et al.Meso-Cenozoic faults in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin and their geodynamic background[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2005,24(2):52-61.
[17]SUN Zhen,XU Ziying,SUN Longtao,et al.The mechanism of post-rift fault activities in Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2014,89:76-87.
[18]PANIEN M,SCHREURS G,PFIFFNER A.Mechanical behaviour of granular materials used in analogue modelling:insights from grain characterisation,ring-shear tests and analogue experiments[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28(9):1710-1724.
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[20]YU Fusheng,LI Xiaojian,LI Dinghua,et al.Simulation for the controlling factors of structural deformation in the Southern margin of the Junggar Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),2012,86(4):842-853.
[21]KOYI H,JENYON M K,PETERSEN K.The effect of basement faulting on diapirism[J].Petroleum Geology,1993,16(3):285-312.
[2]罗东红,刘伟新,戴宗,等.珠江口盆地(东部)深层储层评价关键技术及其应用——以陆丰13-1油田古近系恩平组储层为例[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(3):56-60.LUO Donghong,LIU Weixin,DAI Zong,et al.Techniques to evaluate deep reservoir and their application in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin:a case of Paleogene Enping reservoir in LF13-1oilfield[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2014,26(3):56-60.
[3]于开平,丁放.珠江口盆地陆丰凹陷中生界的发现及石油地质意义[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(3):489-492.YU Kaiping,DING Fang.Discovery of Mesozoic sediments and it’s petroleum significance in Lufeng Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(3):489-492.
[4]GE J W,ZHU X M,ZHANG X T,et al.Tectono-stratigraphic evolution and hydrocarbon exploration in the Eocene southern Lufeng depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea[J].Australian Journal of Earth Sciences,2017,64(7):931-956.
[5]YU Fusheng,KOYI H,ZHANG Xiangtao.Intersection patterns of normal faults in the Lufeng Sag of Pearl River Mouth Basin,China:insights from 4D physical simulations[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2016,93:67-90.
[6]YU F S,KOYI H.Theoretical and experimental estimation of geometric relationship of non-parallel conjugate normal faults[J].Tectonophysics,2017,703-704:85-97.
[7]王一博,张功成,赵志刚,等.南海边缘海构造旋回对沉积充填的控制——以礼乐盆地新生代沉积为例[J].石油学报,2016,37(4):474-482.WANG Yibo,ZHANG Gongcheng,ZHAO Zhigang,et al.The control for tectonic cycle of marginal sea on sedimentary fill in South China Sea:a case study of Cenozoic sediment in Lile Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(4):474-482.
[8]陈红汉,米立军,刘妍鷨,等.珠江口盆地深水区CO2成因、分布规律与风险带预测[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):119-134.CHEN Honghan,MI Lijun,LIU Yanhua,et al.Genesis,distribution and risk belt prediction of CO2in deep-water area in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):119-134.
[9]代一丁,余秋华,李洪博,等.珠江口盆地珠一坳陷烃源灶控藏临界条件与控藏特征[J].石油学报,2015,36(S2):145-155.DAI Yiding,YU Qiuhua,LI Hongbo,et al.Threshold conditions and reservoir-controlling characteristics of source kitchen in Zhu I depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(S2):145-155.
[10]何敏,刘丽华,张向涛,等.珠江口盆地东部含油构造潜力再评价与勘探成效[J].石油学报,2016,37(S1):58-67.HE Min,LIU Lihua,ZHANG Xiangtao,et al.Reevaluation of potential and exploration effectiveness of oil bearing structures in the east part of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(S1):58-67.
[11]YU H S.The Pearl River Mouth Basin:a rift basin and its geodynamic relationship with the southeastern Eurasian margin[J].Tectonophysics,1990,183(1/4):177-186.
[12]SUN Zhen,ZHOU Di,SUN Longtao,et al.Dynamic analysis on rifting stage of Pearl River Mouth Basin through analogue modeling[J].Journal of Earth Science,2010,21(4):439-454.
[13]张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区-南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.ZHANG Gongcheng,MI Lijun,WU Shiguo,et al.Deepwater area-the new prospecting targets of northern continental margin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):15-21.
[14]朱伟林,张功成,高乐.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):1-9.ZHU Weilin,ZHANG Gongcheng,GAO Le.Geological characteristics and exploration objectives of hydrocarbons in the northern continental margin basin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):1-9.
[15]施和生,何敏,张丽丽,等.珠江口盆地(东部)油气地质特征、成藏规律及下一步勘探策略[J].中国海上油气,2014,26(3):11-22.SHI Hesheng,HE Min,ZHANG Lili,et al.Hydrocarbon geology,accumulation pattern and the next exploration strategy in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Offshore oil and Gas,2014,26(3):11-22.
[16]陈汉宗,吴湘杰,周蒂,等.珠江口盆地中新生代主要断裂特征和动力背景分析[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(2):52-61.CHEN Hanzong,WU Xiangjie,ZHOU Di,et al.Meso-Cenozoic faults in Zhujiang River Mouth Basin and their geodynamic background[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2005,24(2):52-61.
[17]SUN Zhen,XU Ziying,SUN Longtao,et al.The mechanism of post-rift fault activities in Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2014,89:76-87.
[18]PANIEN M,SCHREURS G,PFIFFNER A.Mechanical behaviour of granular materials used in analogue modelling:insights from grain characterisation,ring-shear tests and analogue experiments[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2006,28(9):1710-1724.
[19]YU F S,KOYI H.Cenozoic tectonic model of the Bohai Bay Basin in China[J].Geological Magazine,2016,153(5/6):866-886.
[20]YU Fusheng,LI Xiaojian,LI Dinghua,et al.Simulation for the controlling factors of structural deformation in the Southern margin of the Junggar Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),2012,86(4):842-853.
[21]KOYI H,JENYON M K,PETERSEN K.The effect of basement faulting on diapirism[J].Petroleum Geology,1993,16(3):285-312.
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