羌塘盆地逆冲推覆构造特征及油气资源效应
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摘要
羌塘盆地南羌塘坳陷地表古油藏作为了解盆地石油地质条件的良好窗口,经过多年来对古油藏详细解剖,通过详细的地表构造填图、二维地震和地质浅钻综合揭示了盆地存在大量的逆冲推覆构造。古油藏为盆地自北向南逆冲推覆至地表的大型构造岩席,主要表现为中生代海相地层推覆至晚白垩—中新世湖湘红层之上,古油藏含油层位是中侏罗布曲组砂糖状含油白云岩。针对古油藏石油地质条件解剖表明逆冲推覆构造虽然破坏了上坪油气藏,但是该构造活动不但能够使地层增厚利于有效烃源岩二次生烃,并对下坪地层有效遮挡封盖,同时构造活动有利于优质白云岩储集层和构造圈闭的形成,为二次成藏创造了良好的生储盖时空匹配关系,有利于逆冲推覆型油气藏的形成。
As a good chance to understand the petroleum geological conditions of the basin,the paleo-oil reservoir in the south Qiangtang depression of the Qiangtang basin has been researched in detail for many years,and a large number of thrust nappe structures are revealed through detailed structural mapping,2D seismic and geological shallow drilling. The paleo-oil reservoir is a large tectonic bed where the basin overthrust to the surface from north to south. It is mainly menifested in Mesozoic Marine strata overlying the late cretaceous-miocene lacustrine red beds,and the middle Jurassic oil-bearing dolomite is the main high quality reservoir of the paleo-oil reservoir. Analysis of the petroleum geological conditions of the paleo-oil reservoirs show that although thrust nappe structure destroys hanging wall anticline reservoirs,it makes stratum thickening,beneficial to the secondary hydrocarbon generation in effective source rocks and the effective shield and seal for the footwall flat. At the same time,it is conducive to the formation of high-quality dolomite reservoirs and structural traps, creating a good spatial-temporal matching relationship between generation,reservoir and cover for secondary accumulation,and contributing to the formation of thrust nappe type reservoirs.
As a good chance to understand the petroleum geological conditions of the basin,the paleo-oil reservoir in the south Qiangtang depression of the Qiangtang basin has been researched in detail for many years,and a large number of thrust nappe structures are revealed through detailed structural mapping,2D seismic and geological shallow drilling. The paleo-oil reservoir is a large tectonic bed where the basin overthrust to the surface from north to south. It is mainly menifested in Mesozoic Marine strata overlying the late cretaceous-miocene lacustrine red beds,and the middle Jurassic oil-bearing dolomite is the main high quality reservoir of the paleo-oil reservoir. Analysis of the petroleum geological conditions of the paleo-oil reservoirs show that although thrust nappe structure destroys hanging wall anticline reservoirs,it makes stratum thickening,beneficial to the secondary hydrocarbon generation in effective source rocks and the effective shield and seal for the footwall flat. At the same time,it is conducive to the formation of high-quality dolomite reservoirs and structural traps, creating a good spatial-temporal matching relationship between generation,reservoir and cover for secondary accumulation,and contributing to the formation of thrust nappe type reservoirs.
引文
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[16]关德师,牛嘉玉,郭丽娜,等.中国非常规油气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:207-214.GUAN Deshi,NIU Jiayu,GUO Lina,et al.China's unconventional oil and gas geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995:207-214.(in Chinese)
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[2]赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞,等.青藏高原羌塘盆地石油地质[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:23-25,356-367ZHAO Zhengzhang,LI Yongtie,YE Hefei,et al.Petrolum geology of Qiangtang Basin in Tibet[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000:23-25,356-367(in Chinese)
[3]高瑞祺,赵政璋.中国油气新区勘探(第六卷)青藏高原石油地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.GAO Ruiqi,ZHAO Zhengzhang.The frontier petroleum exploration in China:Volume 6:petroleum geology of QinghaiTibet Plateau[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001.(in Chinese)
[4]王剑,丁俊,王成善,等.青藏高原油气资源战略选区调查与评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2009:322-334.WANG Jian,DING Jun,WANG Chengshan,et al.Discussion on the investigation and evaluation of strategic petroleum area in Qinghai-Tibet[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009:227-270.(in Chinese)
[5]黄继钧.羌塘盆地性质及构造演化[J].地质力学学报,2000,6(4):58-66.HUANG Jijun.Nature of the Qiangtang basin and its tectonic evolution[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2000,6(4):58-66.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]黄继钧,李亚林.羌塘盆地构造应力场初步分析[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(3):363-370.HUANG Jijun,LI Yalin.Analysis of the structural stress field of the Qiangtang basin[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2006,12(3):363-370.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]伍新和,王成善,伊海生,等.西藏羌塘盆地中生界烃源岩探讨[J].西北地质,2005,38(4):78-85.WU Xinhe,WANG Chengshan,YI Haisheng,et al.Discussion on Mesozoic source rock of Qiangtang basin in Tibet[J].Northwestern Geology,2005,38(4):78-85.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]伊海生,陈志勇,季长军,等.羌塘盆地南部地区布曲组砂糖状白云岩埋藏成因的新证据[J].岩石学报,2014,30(3):737-746.YI Haisheng,CHEN Zhiyong,JI Changjun,et al.New evidence for deep burial origin of sucrosic dolomites from Middle Jurrasic Buqu Formation in southern Qiangtang basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):737-746.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]吴珍汉,刘志伟,赵珍,等.羌塘盆地隆鄂尼-昂达尔错古油藏逆冲推覆构造隆升[J].地质学报,2016,90(4):615-627.WU Zhenhan,LIU Zhiwei,ZHAO Zhen,et al.Thrust and Uplift of the Lung’erni Angdarco Paleo Oil Reservoirs in the Qiangtang Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(4):615-627.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]WU Z H,HU D G,YE P S,et al.Thrusting of the North Lhasa Block in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78(1):246-259.
[11]YIN A,HARRISON T M.Geologic evolution of the HimalayanTibetan orogeny[J].Annual Reviews of Earth and Planet Science Letters,2000,28:211-280.
[12]李亚林,王成善,伊海生,等.西藏北部新生代大型逆冲推覆构造与唐古拉山的隆起[J].地质学报,2006,80(8):1118-1130,1234.LI Y L,WANG C S,YI H S,et al.Cenozoic thrust system and Uplifting of the Tanggula Mountain,Northern Tibet[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(8):1118-1130,1234.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]伍新和,王成善,伊海生,等.西藏羌塘盆地烃源岩古油藏带及其油气勘探远景[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):13-17.WU Xinhe,WANG Chengshan,YI Haisheng,et al.Fossilreservoir of hydrocarbon rock in Qiangtang Basin of Tibet and exploration perspective of oil and gas[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(1):13-17.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]JI C J,XIA G Q,YI H S,et al.Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Biluo Co Oil Shale of the Shuanghu Area,Northern Tibetan Plateau,and Their Implications[J].Oil Shale,2014,31(4):351-364.
[15]季长军.南羌塘坳陷油藏带生物标志化合物特征及油源对比研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015.JI Changjun.Biomarker characteristics and oil-source correlation research of the reservoirs in southern Qiangtang depression[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]关德师,牛嘉玉,郭丽娜,等.中国非常规油气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:207-214.GUAN Deshi,NIU Jiayu,GUO Lina,et al.China's unconventional oil and gas geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995:207-214.(in Chinese)
[17]康玉柱,王宗秀,周新桂,等.中国非常规油气地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2011.KANG Yuzhu,WANG Zongxiu,ZHOU Xingui,et al.Analysis on control of tectonic system to petroleum in the Qaidam Basin[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2011.(in Chinese)
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