滇西北剑湖表层沉积物重金属分布特征和生态风险
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摘要
采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)仪测定剑湖表层沉积物4种重金属Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量,采用改进BCR连续提取法提取4种重金属各形态含量,结合空间插值方法对4种重金属空间分布特征和生态风险进行了分析。结果表明,剑湖表层沉积物呈碱性,以砂砾为主,湖周浅水区总有机碳含量高于湖心区,重金属迁移转化能力弱,主要以残渣态为主,可氧化态含量最低。同时,剑湖表层沉积物中Cd和Cu以人为富集为主,Pb和Zn以自然富集为主,重金属均处于轻微或中等风险程度。湖周浅水区富集程度高于湖心区,而湖心区生态风险高于湖周浅水区。
Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES)was used to determine the concentrations of four heavy metal elements,Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn,in surface sediments from Jianhu Lake.The modified BCR sequential extraction methods were used to extract the different fractions of four heavy metal elements,and then the distributions and ecological risks of these heavy metals were analyzed through the spatial interpolation method.Results showed that in surface sediments of Jianhu Lake,pH was alkaline,and the soil particles were mainly gravel.The total organic carbon concentration in shallow water area was higher than that in the central area.The ability of migration and transformation of these heavy metals was weak.The content of the residual fraction of heavy metals was the highest,while the oxidizable fraction was the lowest.Meanwhile,in surface sediments of Jianhu Lake,Cd and Cu were mainly enriched by humans process,Pb and Zn were enriched by natural process,and all these heavy metals had slight or moderate risks.The extent of heavy metal enrichments in shallow water area was higher than that in central area,while the ecological risks in central area was higher than that in shallow water area.
Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES)was used to determine the concentrations of four heavy metal elements,Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn,in surface sediments from Jianhu Lake.The modified BCR sequential extraction methods were used to extract the different fractions of four heavy metal elements,and then the distributions and ecological risks of these heavy metals were analyzed through the spatial interpolation method.Results showed that in surface sediments of Jianhu Lake,pH was alkaline,and the soil particles were mainly gravel.The total organic carbon concentration in shallow water area was higher than that in the central area.The ability of migration and transformation of these heavy metals was weak.The content of the residual fraction of heavy metals was the highest,while the oxidizable fraction was the lowest.Meanwhile,in surface sediments of Jianhu Lake,Cd and Cu were mainly enriched by humans process,Pb and Zn were enriched by natural process,and all these heavy metals had slight or moderate risks.The extent of heavy metal enrichments in shallow water area was higher than that in central area,while the ecological risks in central area was higher than that in shallow water area.
引文
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[10]李宁云,陈玉惠,胡金明,等.滇西北剑湖湿地海菜花(Ottelia acuminata)群落物种组成及种群分布格局[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(3):687-695.
[11]张奇,喻庆国,王胜龙,等.滇西北剑湖沉积物磷形态、空间分布及释放贡献[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(10).
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[14]肖宏现.剑湖湿地湖滨带功能效益研究[J].现代农业科技,2011(13):256-259.
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[22]CAPANGPANGAN R Y,PINEDA C P,PAGAPONG N K,et al.Evaluation of potential ecological risk and contamination assessment of heavy metals in sediment samples using different environmental quality indices-a case study in Agusan River[J].Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences,2016,8(1):1-16.
[23]RA K,BANG J H,LEE J M,et al.The extent and historical trend of metal pollution recorded in core sediments from the artifical Lake Shihwa,Korea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62:1814-1821.
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[25]侯千,马建华,王晓云,等.开封市幼儿园土壤重金属生物活性及潜在生态风险[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1764-1771.
[26]刘存芳.城市有机垃圾厌氧消化pH控制动力学研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2006.
[27]SQUIRES M M,LESACK L F W.The relation between sediment nutrient content and macrophyte biomass[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2003,60:333-343.
[28]任坤,梁作兵,于正良,等.重庆南山老龙洞地下河系统重金属分布、迁移及自净能力[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4095-4102.
[29]陈岩,季宏兵,朱先芳,等.北京市得田沟金矿和崎峰茶金矿周边土壤重金属形态分析和潜在风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(11):2142-2151.
[30]邱敏娴,胡恭任,于瑞莲,等.泉州湾洛阳江河口潮滩表层沉积物中重金属赋存形态分析[J].环境化学,2013,32(2):212-218.
[31]周怀东,袁浩,王雨春,等.长江水系沉积物中重金属的赋存形态[J].环境化学,2008,27(4):515-519.
[32]HANSEN A M.Lake sediment cores as indicators of historical metal(loid)accumulation-a case study in Mexico[J].Applied Geochemistry,2012,27:1745-1752.
[33]王林泉,罗玉红,戴泽龙,等.香溪河沉积物重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(8):1610-1617.
[34]付绪金,贾克丽,史小红,等.梁素海沉积物腐殖质的组成及分布特征[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(4):489-496.
[35]马逍天,梁仁君,邱继彩,等.纳污湿地表层沉积物中重金属形态研究[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(11):61-65.
[36]SINGH K P,MOHAN D,SINGH V K,et al.Studies on distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in Gomti river sediments-a tributary of the Ganges,India[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,312(1):14-27.
[37]李佳璐,姜霞,王书航,等.丹江口水库沉积物重金属形态分布特征及其迁移能力[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1207-1217.
[38]毛志刚,谷孝鸿,陆小明,等.太湖东部不同类型湖区疏浚后沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):186-193.
[39]XU Y F,WU Y,HAN J G,et al.The current status of heavy metal in lake sediments from China:pollution and ecological risk assessment[J].Ecology and Evolution,2017,7(14):5454-5466.
[2]STANKOVIC S,KALABA P,STANKOVIC A R.Biota as toxic metal indicators[J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2014,12(1):63-84.
[3]QASAIMEH A,ALSHARIE H,MASOUD T.A review on constructed wetlands components and heavy metal removal from wastewater[J].Journal of Environmental Protection,2015,6(7):710-718.
[4]段顺琼,王静,冯少辉,等.云南高原湖泊地区水资源脆弱性评价研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2011(9):55-59.
[5]胡元林.高原湖泊流域可持续发展理论及评价模型研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2010.
[6]李晓铭,赵世民,王道玮,等.滇池表层沉积物中重金属污染特征及评价[J].地球与环境,2013,41(6):647-655.
[7]蔡艳洁,张恩楼,刘恩峰,等.云南阳宗海沉积物重金属污染时空特征及潜在生态风险[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(5):1121-1133.
[8]刘峰,胡继伟,秦樊鑫,等.红枫湖沉积物中重金属元素溯源分析的初步探讨[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(9).
[9]郭玉静,王妍,郑毅,等.1990-2015年剑湖流域土地利用变化动态及趋势预测[J].西南林业大学学报,2016,36(6):87-93.
[10]李宁云,陈玉惠,胡金明,等.滇西北剑湖湿地海菜花(Ottelia acuminata)群落物种组成及种群分布格局[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(3):687-695.
[11]张奇,喻庆国,王胜龙,等.滇西北剑湖沉积物磷形态、空间分布及释放贡献[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(10).
[12]段志斌,蔡雄飞,王济,等.我国高原型湖泊沉积物重金属污染评价研究[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(增刊1):293-298.
[13]环境保护部自然生态保护司.土壤污染与人体健康[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2012.
[14]肖宏现.剑湖湿地湖滨带功能效益研究[J].现代农业科技,2011(13):256-259.
[15]张朝阳,彭平安,宋建中,等.改进BCR法分析国家土壤标准物质中重金属化学形态[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(11):1881-1884.
[16]朱维晃,黄廷林,柴蓓蓓,等.水源水库沉积物中重金属形态分布特征及其影响因素[J].环境化学,2010,29(4).
[17]ZHANG H,SHAN B.Historical records of heavy metal accumulation in sediments and the relationship with agricultural intensification in the Yangtze-Huaihe region,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,399(1):113-120.
[18]N’GUESSAN Y M,PROBST J L,BUR T,et al.Trace elements in stream bed sediments from agricultural catchments(Gascogne region,S-W France):where do they come from?[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(8):2939-2952.
[19]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:334-407.
[20]BI S,YANG Y,XU C,et al.Distribution of heavy metals and environmental assessment of surface sediment of typical estuaries in eastern China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,121(1/2):357-366.
[21]BANU Z,CHOWDHURY M S A,HOSSAIN M D,et al.Contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metal in the sediment of Turag River,Bangladesh:an index analysis approach[J].Journal of Water Resource and Protection,2013,5(2):239-248.
[22]CAPANGPANGAN R Y,PINEDA C P,PAGAPONG N K,et al.Evaluation of potential ecological risk and contamination assessment of heavy metals in sediment samples using different environmental quality indices-a case study in Agusan River[J].Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences,2016,8(1):1-16.
[23]RA K,BANG J H,LEE J M,et al.The extent and historical trend of metal pollution recorded in core sediments from the artifical Lake Shihwa,Korea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62:1814-1821.
[24]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[25]侯千,马建华,王晓云,等.开封市幼儿园土壤重金属生物活性及潜在生态风险[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1764-1771.
[26]刘存芳.城市有机垃圾厌氧消化pH控制动力学研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2006.
[27]SQUIRES M M,LESACK L F W.The relation between sediment nutrient content and macrophyte biomass[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2003,60:333-343.
[28]任坤,梁作兵,于正良,等.重庆南山老龙洞地下河系统重金属分布、迁移及自净能力[J].环境科学,2015,36(11):4095-4102.
[29]陈岩,季宏兵,朱先芳,等.北京市得田沟金矿和崎峰茶金矿周边土壤重金属形态分析和潜在风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(11):2142-2151.
[30]邱敏娴,胡恭任,于瑞莲,等.泉州湾洛阳江河口潮滩表层沉积物中重金属赋存形态分析[J].环境化学,2013,32(2):212-218.
[31]周怀东,袁浩,王雨春,等.长江水系沉积物中重金属的赋存形态[J].环境化学,2008,27(4):515-519.
[32]HANSEN A M.Lake sediment cores as indicators of historical metal(loid)accumulation-a case study in Mexico[J].Applied Geochemistry,2012,27:1745-1752.
[33]王林泉,罗玉红,戴泽龙,等.香溪河沉积物重金属形态分布特征及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(8):1610-1617.
[34]付绪金,贾克丽,史小红,等.梁素海沉积物腐殖质的组成及分布特征[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(4):489-496.
[35]马逍天,梁仁君,邱继彩,等.纳污湿地表层沉积物中重金属形态研究[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(11):61-65.
[36]SINGH K P,MOHAN D,SINGH V K,et al.Studies on distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in Gomti river sediments-a tributary of the Ganges,India[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,312(1):14-27.
[37]李佳璐,姜霞,王书航,等.丹江口水库沉积物重金属形态分布特征及其迁移能力[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1207-1217.
[38]毛志刚,谷孝鸿,陆小明,等.太湖东部不同类型湖区疏浚后沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):186-193.
[39]XU Y F,WU Y,HAN J G,et al.The current status of heavy metal in lake sediments from China:pollution and ecological risk assessment[J].Ecology and Evolution,2017,7(14):5454-5466.
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