银川平原潜水氚分布特征与年龄
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摘要
地下水年龄是评价地下水的资源属性重要参数之一,但是随着氚在大气中的含量恢复到核爆前水平,地下水中氚年龄估算变得困难。而利用多期次的样品数据可以弥补这一不足。文中利用具有多期次地下水氚的样品点,确定了不同水文地质单元地下水全混合模型的弥散参数(PD)。根据该参数计算只有一次取样数据的地下水氚年龄。不同天然水体氚分布特征表明:黄河水与地下水水力联系密切,单一潜水区与多层结构区的积极循环带极限深度分别是120m和80m。根据氚含量计算的潜水年龄是5~> 60a,年龄老的区域分布在平原中部和细粒带,形成多个局域流动系统,向平原边缘年龄趋于年轻。
Excessive groundwater exploitation and agricultural irrigation have resulted in a significant changes of shallow groundwater system in Yinchuan Plain,and it's believed that groundwater will be intensively used continuously in the future so. it' s essential to reveal the flow patter of the groundwater for reasonable management.Based on the analyses of the Tritium characteristics of different water bodies and ages of groundwater,the3 H concentrations of samples from groundwater and Yellow River in one stage are similarly,suggested that Yellow River and groundwater had closely hydraulic connection. The Tritium in groundwater varies from < 0. 5 to 36. 1 TU with mean value of-11. 96 ± 11. 63 TU in the single aquifer,whose recharges were influenced by bedrock fissure water and precipitation,as well as the water blocking effect of fine grained belt,informing mixed characteristics of modern and secondary water. The variation of Tritium content in multi-layer diving is large with < 0.5 ～ 56. 9 TU and the mean value is 17. 84 + 14. 53 TU. There are several high or low value zones. The positive cycle limit depth of single aquifer area and multi-layered aquifers area are 120 m and 80 m,respectively,above the depth water cycle alternating rapidly. According to the dating results of3 H,of the Tritium,the groundwater age is 5 ～ > 60 a. The regional distribution of old age in the Central plain and the fine belt,forming a plurality of local flow system,and the edge of the plains age tends to be younger. This phenomenon may attribute to groundwater flowing sluggishly and recovering slowly in the Central plain and the fine belt.
Excessive groundwater exploitation and agricultural irrigation have resulted in a significant changes of shallow groundwater system in Yinchuan Plain,and it's believed that groundwater will be intensively used continuously in the future so. it' s essential to reveal the flow patter of the groundwater for reasonable management.Based on the analyses of the Tritium characteristics of different water bodies and ages of groundwater,the3 H concentrations of samples from groundwater and Yellow River in one stage are similarly,suggested that Yellow River and groundwater had closely hydraulic connection. The Tritium in groundwater varies from < 0. 5 to 36. 1 TU with mean value of-11. 96 ± 11. 63 TU in the single aquifer,whose recharges were influenced by bedrock fissure water and precipitation,as well as the water blocking effect of fine grained belt,informing mixed characteristics of modern and secondary water. The variation of Tritium content in multi-layer diving is large with < 0.5 ～ 56. 9 TU and the mean value is 17. 84 + 14. 53 TU. There are several high or low value zones. The positive cycle limit depth of single aquifer area and multi-layered aquifers area are 120 m and 80 m,respectively,above the depth water cycle alternating rapidly. According to the dating results of3 H,of the Tritium,the groundwater age is 5 ～ > 60 a. The regional distribution of old age in the Central plain and the fine belt,forming a plurality of local flow system,and the edge of the plains age tends to be younger. This phenomenon may attribute to groundwater flowing sluggishly and recovering slowly in the Central plain and the fine belt.
引文
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[2]Saby M,Larocque M,Pinti D L,et al. Linking groundwater quality to residence times and regional geology in the St. Lawrence Lowlands,southern Quebec,Canada[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2016,65:1-13.
[3]Khan M R,Koneshloo M,Knappett P S K,et al. Megacity pumping and preferential flow threaten groundwater quality[J]. Nature Communications,2016,7:12833.
[4]Kamtchueng B T,Fantong W Y,Wirmvem M J,et al. A multi-tracer approach for assessing the origin,apparent age and recharge mechanism of shallow groundwater in the Lake Nyos catchment,Northwest,Cameroon[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2015,523:790-803.
[5]Post V E A,Vandenbohede A,Werner A D,et al. Groundwater ages in coastal aquifers[J]. Advances in Water Resources,2013,57(9):1-11.
[6]Zuber D A,Witczak S,Róz·ański K,et al. Groundwater dating with 3H and SF6 in relation to mixing patterns,transport modelling and hydrochemistry[J]. Hydrological Processes,2005,19(11):2247-2275.
[7]Santoni S,Huneau F,Garel E,et al. Residence time,mineralization processes and groundwater origin within a carbonate coastal aquifer with a thick unsaturated zone[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2016,540:50-63.
[8]Wang L,Hu F,Yin L,et al. Hydrochemical and isotopic study of groundwater in the Yinchuan plain,China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,69(6):2037-2057.
[9]张黎,王利,王红英.宁夏地下水资源[M].银川:宁夏人民出版社,2003:33-90.
[10]吴学华,钱会,郁冬梅.银川平原地下水资源合理配置调查评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:126-188.
[11]于艳青,余秋生,薛忠歧,等.同位素技术判定银川平原地下水补给模式[J].宁夏工程技术,2005,4(3):208-212.
[12]贾秀梅,孙继朝,陈玺,等.银川平原承压水氢氧同位素组成与14C年龄分布特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(1):15-22.
[13]苏小四.同位素技术在黄河流域典型地区地下水可更新能力研究中的应用-以银川平原和包头平原为例[D].长春:吉林大学,2002:66-90.
[14]IAEA/WMO,2012. Water Isotope System for Data Analysis,Visualization and Electronic Retrieval. The GNIP Database.[EB/OL]. https://websso. iaea. org,2017.
[15]连炎清.大气降水氚含量恢复的多元统计学方法:以临汾地区降水氚值恢复为例[J].中国岩溶,1990,9(2):157-166.
[16]Hrdle W K,Simar L. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis[M]. Berlin:Springer Science&Business Media,2012:55-79.
[17]Doney S C,Glover D M,Jenkins W J. A model function of the global bomb tritium distribution in precipitation,1960-1986[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans,1992,97(C4):5481-5492.
[18]Celle-Jeanton H,Gourcy L,Aggarwal P K. Reconstruction of tritium time series in precipitation[C]. Vienna:IAEA,2001:430-432.
[19]Zhai Y. Reconstruction and optimization of Tritium time series in precipitation of Beijing,China[J]. Radiocarbon,2012,55(1):67-79.
[20]Qi B,Xu Y F. Input function and simulated distributions of tritium in the North Pacific[J]. Science China Earth Sciences,2010,53(3):441-453.
[21]Liu J,Chen Z,Wei W,et al. Using chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)and tritium(3H)to estimate groundwater age and flow velocity in Hohhot Basin,China[J]. Hydrological Processes,2014,28(3):1372-1382.
[22]Clark I D,Fritz P. Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology[M]. Boca Raton,Springer-Verlag,1997.
[23]Chen Z,Wei W,Liu J,et al. Identifying the recharge sources and age of groundwater in the Songnen Plain(Northeast China)using environmental isotopes[J]. Hydrogeology Journal,2011,19(1):163-176.
[24]陈宗宇,齐继祥,张兆吉,等.北方典型盆地同位素水文地质学方法应用[M].北京,科学出版社,2010:187-207.
[25]Maloszewski P,Zuber A. Umped parameter models for the interpretation of environmental tracer data[R]. Vienna:IAEA,1996:9-58.
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