宁夏海原盆地地下水淡水——微咸水分布规律
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摘要
结合地质调查成果,基于88组水化学数据分析了研究区地下水矿化度与主要离子的相关性特征、圈定了淡水-微咸水的分布范围、总结了淡水-微咸水分布规律及其成因。结果表明:海原盆地淡水-微咸水面积共计544. 2km2,淡水资源主要分布在南华山断陷洼地、古洪积扇及河谷阶地等第四系松散含水层和古河道附近浅部第三系含水层,微咸水主要分布在洪积扇前缘和西安州洼地;地下水矿化度与Na+、Mg2+、SO2-4、Cl-相关性显著,沿地下水流向地下水矿化度逐渐增大,地形坡降大、地下水循环交替强烈、水岩作用时间短的区域地下水矿化度一般相对较小;适度的人类开采可以改善浅层地下水水质,过度开采导致深层咸水顶托补给造成上部潜水矿化度升高。
Combining with the results of the China Geological Survey,88 hydrochemical samples from the Haiyuan basin were analyzed in order to study the correlation characteristics between groundwater salinity and major ions,and to define the distribution and formation mechanisms of freshwater-brackishwater. The results showed that freshwater-brackish groundwater covered an area of 544. 2 km2 in the Haiyuan basin,and freshwater distributed in Quaternary loose aquifers of the Nanhua Mountain's Cenozoic Fault Basin,alluvial fan and river valley terraces. In addition,freshwater was also found in shallow Tertiary aquifers near Palaeochannel. And brackish water mainly dispersed in the front of alluvial fan and in Xi'an Township. The correlation between groundwater mineralization and Na+,Mg2 +,SO2-4 and Cl-was significant in those areas. The degree of mineralization increased along the groundwater flow routine; however,with the increase of terrain slopes,the stronger groundwater circulation and the shorter water-rock interaction time,mineralization generally showed relatively low. The moderate human exploitation of groundwater improved the phreatic water quality,nevertheless overexploitation led to the recharge of deep salty water and increased the mineralization of the upper groundwater layers.
Combining with the results of the China Geological Survey,88 hydrochemical samples from the Haiyuan basin were analyzed in order to study the correlation characteristics between groundwater salinity and major ions,and to define the distribution and formation mechanisms of freshwater-brackishwater. The results showed that freshwater-brackish groundwater covered an area of 544. 2 km2 in the Haiyuan basin,and freshwater distributed in Quaternary loose aquifers of the Nanhua Mountain's Cenozoic Fault Basin,alluvial fan and river valley terraces. In addition,freshwater was also found in shallow Tertiary aquifers near Palaeochannel. And brackish water mainly dispersed in the front of alluvial fan and in Xi'an Township. The correlation between groundwater mineralization and Na+,Mg2 +,SO2-4 and Cl-was significant in those areas. The degree of mineralization increased along the groundwater flow routine; however,with the increase of terrain slopes,the stronger groundwater circulation and the shorter water-rock interaction time,mineralization generally showed relatively low. The moderate human exploitation of groundwater improved the phreatic water quality,nevertheless overexploitation led to the recharge of deep salty water and increased the mineralization of the upper groundwater layers.
引文
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[3]王玉强,等.上海市地下水矿化度与水化学离子浓度间的耦合关系[J].东华大学学报(自然科学版),2016,42(3):432-436.
[4]Mohamed H,Mohamed F Z,et al. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic investigation and water quality assessment of groundwater in the Sisseb El Alem Nadhour Saouaf aquifer(SANS),northeastern Tunisia[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences,2018,141:148-163.
[5]王琳,戴大宜,巨四平.《海原县人畜饮水农田灌溉供水水文地质勘察报告》[R].宁夏回族自治区地质局第二水文地质工程地质队,1981:8-12.
[6]李天斌.宁夏南部弧形推覆构造带特征及演化[J].地质力学学报,1999,5(3):22-27.
[7]程旭学,王雨山,陆文庆,等.地质调查项目成果报告:《宁夏中南部严重缺水区地下水勘查与供水安全示范工程》[R].保定,中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,2015:169-172.
[8]杨江平,谢天文,汤寅虎.《海原县闵家淌水源地勘察报告》[R].银川,宁夏地质工程勘察院,2003.
[9]刘志明,侯新伟,韩占涛.海原盆地地下水化学同位素特征初步分析[J].工程勘察,2006(3):28-31.
[10]陈立,张发旺,程彦培,等.宁夏海原盆地地下水水化学特征及其演化规律[J].现代地质,2009,23(1):9-14.
[11]李向全,余秋生,侯新伟,等.宁南清水河盆地地下水循环特征与苦成水成因[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,33(1):46-50.
[12]张发旺,陈立,余秋生,等.宁夏南部地区水质形成机制研究[J].地质评论,2006,52(6):810-814.
[13]周承刚,白喜庆.宁夏南部地区苦咸水化地下水的成因[J].煤田地质与勘探,1999,23(4):37-39.
[14]叶浩,王贵玲,叶思远,等.宁夏南部月亮山西麓地下水化学特征研究[J].地球学报,2001,22(4):330-334.
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