孕镶金刚石钻头的局部体积破碎研究
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摘要
针对孕镶金刚石钻头在坚硬岩石中的低钻速、高能耗问题,提出以体积破碎的碎岩方式来提高钻进效率的方法。为了进一步探究孕镶金刚石钻头的体积破碎形式,首先设计了单颗金刚石压入岩石全过程的室内实验。通过分析试验数据发现,金刚石压入岩石发生首次局部体积破碎即为金刚石钻头的体积破碎类型。然后,建立了金刚石压入岩石发生首次体积破碎时钻头的钻压和钻速计算模型,并通过对比理论值和实际值,进一步验证了单颗金刚石压入岩石试验结果以及计算模型的正确性。最后,通过分析计算结果,提出了在小粒径金刚石钻头中添加大颗粒金刚石来实现部分体积破碎的方法,并推导出钻头中应添加大颗粒金刚石的制品浓度,确定了大小粒径金刚石的添加量,并对大颗粒金刚石在钻头中的分布情况以及碎岩方式进行了探讨,可为实际中钻头参数设计提供参考依据。
To solve the problem of high energy consumption and slow drilling speed of impregnated diamond drill in hard rock, the method of volume crushing to improve drilling efficiency was put forward. In order to study the crushed volume of impregnated diamond bit in hard rock, firstly, an test of single diamond pressed into rock was designed. According to the experimental data, the first partial broken volume when single diamond was pressed into rock was the volume breakage type of impregnated diamond bit. Then the mathematical model of optimal drilling pressure and speed in first partial broken volume was deduced. By comparing the theoretical value with the actual value, the results of test of single diamond pressed into rock and the correctness of mathematical model were further verified. Finally, we put forward a method to improve drilling speed, the method is to add large-grained diamond to small-grained diamond bit, to quantitatively calculate the theoretical concentration of large-grained diamond, and the addition amount of small and large diamond grain was determined, the distribution and rock crushing ways of large diamond was discussed, which will provide reference for parameter design of diamond-impregnated bit.
To solve the problem of high energy consumption and slow drilling speed of impregnated diamond drill in hard rock, the method of volume crushing to improve drilling efficiency was put forward. In order to study the crushed volume of impregnated diamond bit in hard rock, firstly, an test of single diamond pressed into rock was designed. According to the experimental data, the first partial broken volume when single diamond was pressed into rock was the volume breakage type of impregnated diamond bit. Then the mathematical model of optimal drilling pressure and speed in first partial broken volume was deduced. By comparing the theoretical value with the actual value, the results of test of single diamond pressed into rock and the correctness of mathematical model were further verified. Finally, we put forward a method to improve drilling speed, the method is to add large-grained diamond to small-grained diamond bit, to quantitatively calculate the theoretical concentration of large-grained diamond, and the addition amount of small and large diamond grain was determined, the distribution and rock crushing ways of large diamond was discussed, which will provide reference for parameter design of diamond-impregnated bit.
引文
[1]刘广志.金刚石钻探手册[M].北京：地质出版社，1991.
[2]沈立娜，阮海龙.国内外金刚石钻头的部分技术进展[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)，2011,38(5):78–80.SHEN Lina,RUAN Hailong. Some technical development of diamond bit both in china and abroad[J]. Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2011,38(5):78–80.
[3]罗爱云，段隆臣，王伟雄，等.打滑地层新型孕镶金刚石钻头[J].地质科技情报，2007,26(1):109–112.LUO Aiyun, DUAN Longchen, WANG Weixiong, et al.New-type impregnated diamond bit for drilling slipping formation[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(1):109–112.
[4]孙秀梅，刘建福.坚硬打“滑”地层孕镶金刚石钻头设计与选用[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)，2009,36(2):75–78.SUN Xiumei,LIU Jianfu. Design and selection of impregnated diamond bit in hard and slipping formation[J]. Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2009,36(2):75–78.
[5]陆洪智，刘晓阳.钻进打滑地层用孕镶金刚石钻头设计探讨[J].西部探矿工程，2004,16(11):130–131.LU Hongzhi,LIU Xiaoyang. Research on diamond impregnated bit for drilling in slipping formation[J]. Western-China Exploration Engineering,2004,16(11):130–131.
[6]王多军，沈立娜，吴海霞，等.坚硬致密石英岩地层用新型胎块钻头的研究与应用[J].西部探矿工程，2014,26(4):39–40.WANG Duojun,SHEN Lina,WU Haixia,et al. Research and application of a new type of block drill for hard and dense quartzite formation[J]. Western-China Exploration Engineering,2014,26(4):39–40.
[7]李守巨，李德，于申.压头作用下岩石破碎过程的细观模拟[J].西安科技大学学报，2016,36(6):769–774.LI Shouju,LI De,YU Shen. Meso-simulation for fracturing process of rock specimen under action of indenter[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2016,36(6):769–774.
[8]叶兰肃.浅谈高效率孕镶金刚石钻头金刚石参数的优化设计[J].地质装备，2009,10(4):17–19.YE Lansu. The optimizing design of diamond parameters for high efficiency impregnated diamond bit[J]. Equipment for Geotechnical Engineering,2009,10(4):17–19.
[9]林雨.岩石破碎机理在孕镶金刚石钻头设计中的应用[J].西部探矿工程，1994,6(6):76–78.LIN Yu. Application of rock breaking mechanism in the design of diamond-impregnated drill bits[J]. Western-China Exploration Engineering,1994,6(6):76–78.
[10]ЧИXOTKИH BΦ，段隆臣，汤凤林.基于破碎单位体积岩石能耗量设计坚硬研磨性岩石用钻头方法的研究[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)，2012,39(增刊2):72–76.ЧИXOTKИH BΦ，DUAN Longchen,TANG Fenglin. Low energy consumption for fragmentizing rocks is an important criterion for designing drill bits in hard and abrasive formations[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2012,39(S2):72–76.
[11]樊瑜瑾，杨晓京，李浙昆，等.磨粒磨损中微观接触过程的有限元分析[J].机械工程学报，2005,41(4):35–37.FAN Yujin,YANG Xiaojing,LI Zhekun,et al. Micro contact process analysis in abrasive wear by finite element method[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2005,41(4):35–37.
[12]薛军，马孝春，何德成.岩石多次全过程压入硬度的测试试验[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)，1999,26(4):42.XUE Jun,MA Xiaochun,HE Decheng. A study on rock indentation hardness with MTS rock mechanics test system[J]. Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),1999,26(4):42.
[13]阮海龙，吴海霞，沈立娜，等.金刚石钻进计算模型及最优参数设计[C]//第十八届全国探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)技术学术交流年会，2015，黑龙江哈尔滨，2015:7.
[14]刘碧湘，曹社强.坚硬致密岩层打滑形式分析及金刚石钻头的选择[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程，2011,31(6):79–82.LIU Bixiang,CAO Sheqiang. Analysis on the slipping form of diamond bit when drilling hard-rock formation and selection of diamond bit[J]. Diamond&Abrasives Engineering,2011,31(6):79–82.
[15]沈立娜，阮海龙，李春，等.坚硬致密“打滑”地层新型自锐金刚石钻头的研究[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)，2014,41(11):57–59.SHEN Lina,RUAN Hailong,LI Chun,et al. Study on a new type self-sharpening diamond bit for drilling in hard-compact-slipping formation[J]. Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2014,41(11):57–59.
[16] FRANCA L F P,MOSTOV M,RICHARD X. Interface laws for impregnated diamond tools for a given state of wear[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2015,73:184–193
[17]沈立娜，郭长江，阮海龙，等.新型自出刃多孔胎体孕镶金刚石钻头的研究[C]//第十八届全国探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)技术学术交流年会，2015-07，黑龙江哈尔滨，2015:726–730.
[18]关舒伟.新型孕镶金刚石钻头研制及试验[J].石油钻探技术，2015,43(4):129–132.GUAN Shuwei. Development and testing of a new type of diamond-impregnated bits[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2015,43(4):129–132.
[2]沈立娜，阮海龙.国内外金刚石钻头的部分技术进展[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)，2011,38(5):78–80.SHEN Lina,RUAN Hailong. Some technical development of diamond bit both in china and abroad[J]. Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2011,38(5):78–80.
[3]罗爱云，段隆臣，王伟雄，等.打滑地层新型孕镶金刚石钻头[J].地质科技情报，2007,26(1):109–112.LUO Aiyun, DUAN Longchen, WANG Weixiong, et al.New-type impregnated diamond bit for drilling slipping formation[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(1):109–112.
[4]孙秀梅，刘建福.坚硬打“滑”地层孕镶金刚石钻头设计与选用[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)，2009,36(2):75–78.SUN Xiumei,LIU Jianfu. Design and selection of impregnated diamond bit in hard and slipping formation[J]. Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2009,36(2):75–78.
[5]陆洪智，刘晓阳.钻进打滑地层用孕镶金刚石钻头设计探讨[J].西部探矿工程，2004,16(11):130–131.LU Hongzhi,LIU Xiaoyang. Research on diamond impregnated bit for drilling in slipping formation[J]. Western-China Exploration Engineering,2004,16(11):130–131.
[6]王多军，沈立娜，吴海霞，等.坚硬致密石英岩地层用新型胎块钻头的研究与应用[J].西部探矿工程，2014,26(4):39–40.WANG Duojun,SHEN Lina,WU Haixia,et al. Research and application of a new type of block drill for hard and dense quartzite formation[J]. Western-China Exploration Engineering,2014,26(4):39–40.
[7]李守巨，李德，于申.压头作用下岩石破碎过程的细观模拟[J].西安科技大学学报，2016,36(6):769–774.LI Shouju,LI De,YU Shen. Meso-simulation for fracturing process of rock specimen under action of indenter[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2016,36(6):769–774.
[8]叶兰肃.浅谈高效率孕镶金刚石钻头金刚石参数的优化设计[J].地质装备，2009,10(4):17–19.YE Lansu. The optimizing design of diamond parameters for high efficiency impregnated diamond bit[J]. Equipment for Geotechnical Engineering,2009,10(4):17–19.
[9]林雨.岩石破碎机理在孕镶金刚石钻头设计中的应用[J].西部探矿工程，1994,6(6):76–78.LIN Yu. Application of rock breaking mechanism in the design of diamond-impregnated drill bits[J]. Western-China Exploration Engineering,1994,6(6):76–78.
[10]ЧИXOTKИH BΦ，段隆臣，汤凤林.基于破碎单位体积岩石能耗量设计坚硬研磨性岩石用钻头方法的研究[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)，2012,39(增刊2):72–76.ЧИXOTKИH BΦ，DUAN Longchen,TANG Fenglin. Low energy consumption for fragmentizing rocks is an important criterion for designing drill bits in hard and abrasive formations[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2012,39(S2):72–76.
[11]樊瑜瑾，杨晓京，李浙昆，等.磨粒磨损中微观接触过程的有限元分析[J].机械工程学报，2005,41(4):35–37.FAN Yujin,YANG Xiaojing,LI Zhekun,et al. Micro contact process analysis in abrasive wear by finite element method[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2005,41(4):35–37.
[12]薛军，马孝春，何德成.岩石多次全过程压入硬度的测试试验[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)，1999,26(4):42.XUE Jun,MA Xiaochun,HE Decheng. A study on rock indentation hardness with MTS rock mechanics test system[J]. Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),1999,26(4):42.
[13]阮海龙，吴海霞，沈立娜，等.金刚石钻进计算模型及最优参数设计[C]//第十八届全国探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)技术学术交流年会，2015，黑龙江哈尔滨，2015:7.
[14]刘碧湘，曹社强.坚硬致密岩层打滑形式分析及金刚石钻头的选择[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程，2011,31(6):79–82.LIU Bixiang,CAO Sheqiang. Analysis on the slipping form of diamond bit when drilling hard-rock formation and selection of diamond bit[J]. Diamond&Abrasives Engineering,2011,31(6):79–82.
[15]沈立娜，阮海龙，李春，等.坚硬致密“打滑”地层新型自锐金刚石钻头的研究[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)，2014,41(11):57–59.SHEN Lina,RUAN Hailong,LI Chun,et al. Study on a new type self-sharpening diamond bit for drilling in hard-compact-slipping formation[J]. Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling),2014,41(11):57–59.
[16] FRANCA L F P,MOSTOV M,RICHARD X. Interface laws for impregnated diamond tools for a given state of wear[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2015,73:184–193
[17]沈立娜，郭长江，阮海龙，等.新型自出刃多孔胎体孕镶金刚石钻头的研究[C]//第十八届全国探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程)技术学术交流年会，2015-07，黑龙江哈尔滨，2015:726–730.
[18]关舒伟.新型孕镶金刚石钻头研制及试验[J].石油钻探技术，2015,43(4):129–132.GUAN Shuwei. Development and testing of a new type of diamond-impregnated bits[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2015,43(4):129–132.
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