回采速度对厚煤层综采工作面冲击显现的影响
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摘要
为了确定蒙陕地区纳林河二号井31102工作面在防冲条件下的合理推采速度,通过理论分析、现场实测等方法,探讨了31102工作面回采速度与微震、煤体应力监测数据、冲击显现、上覆岩层运动规律的关系,结果表明:回采速度与微震事件总能量、频次存在正相关性;强推采速度造成覆岩能量积聚来不及释放,从而造成应力监测系统曲线出现突变,易出现动载;生产班内微震数量和能量明显高于非生产班,一般情况下生产班微震数量和能量是非生产班的3～5倍。应保证回采速度稳定,推进度最大变化量不应超过5刀/d;当回采速度保持在较快速度或变速时,采场上覆岩层运动呈现滞后性,当推采距离超过岩层垮落极限时,上覆岩层将发生大厚度整体回转下沉,导致采场围岩压力短时间内大幅度升高,容易诱发冲击。在推进度剧烈变化期,特别是在由高转低阶段,易出现冲击,滞后时间为1～3 d。通过对31102工作面合理回采速度的研究,有效保障了工作面的安全回采。
In order to determine the reasonable mining speed of 31102 working face of Nalinhe No.2 well in Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi area based on scour-proof condition,the correlation between mining speed of 31102 working face and microseism,coal stress monitoring data,impact appearance and movement law of overlying strata is discussed through theoretical analysis and field measurement. There is a positive correlation between mining speed and the total energy and frequency of microseismic events; the overburden energy accumulated by strong mining speed can not be released in time,resulting in sudden change of stress monitoring system curve and dynamic load; the number of microseisms in production class is obviously higher than that in non-production class,and the number of microseisms in production class is usually non-production class. The number of production shifts is 3 to 5 times,and the energy statistics of production shifts is about 3 to 5 times that of non-production shifts. The site has strengthened the management of working face personnel during the production shift,strictly enforcing the restriction measures within the advanced influence range of 300 meters in front of the work; during the period of drastic change in the advance degree,especially in the period from high to low,the impact is easy to occur,the lag time is 1 ～ 3 days,and the maximum change should not exceed 5 knives; while working face mining work is maintained. When the mining distance exceeds the collapse limit of the strata,the overburden strata will rotate and subside in a large thickness,which will lead to a large increase of the surrounding rock pressure in a short time and easily induce impact. The mining speed of 31102 working face should be stable and avoided. The maximum change is not more than 5 knives without large change of propulsive degree. If the propulsive degree is zero on the same day,low-speed and stable increase of mining speed should be considered when mining again. Through the study of reasonable mining speed of No.31102 working face,the safe mining of working face is effectively guaranteed
In order to determine the reasonable mining speed of 31102 working face of Nalinhe No.2 well in Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi area based on scour-proof condition,the correlation between mining speed of 31102 working face and microseism,coal stress monitoring data,impact appearance and movement law of overlying strata is discussed through theoretical analysis and field measurement. There is a positive correlation between mining speed and the total energy and frequency of microseismic events; the overburden energy accumulated by strong mining speed can not be released in time,resulting in sudden change of stress monitoring system curve and dynamic load; the number of microseisms in production class is obviously higher than that in non-production class,and the number of microseisms in production class is usually non-production class. The number of production shifts is 3 to 5 times,and the energy statistics of production shifts is about 3 to 5 times that of non-production shifts. The site has strengthened the management of working face personnel during the production shift,strictly enforcing the restriction measures within the advanced influence range of 300 meters in front of the work; during the period of drastic change in the advance degree,especially in the period from high to low,the impact is easy to occur,the lag time is 1 ～ 3 days,and the maximum change should not exceed 5 knives; while working face mining work is maintained. When the mining distance exceeds the collapse limit of the strata,the overburden strata will rotate and subside in a large thickness,which will lead to a large increase of the surrounding rock pressure in a short time and easily induce impact. The mining speed of 31102 working face should be stable and avoided. The maximum change is not more than 5 knives without large change of propulsive degree. If the propulsive degree is zero on the same day,low-speed and stable increase of mining speed should be considered when mining again. Through the study of reasonable mining speed of No.31102 working face,the safe mining of working face is effectively guaranteed
引文
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[14]黄庆享.浅埋煤层的矿压特征与浅埋煤层定义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1174-1177.HUANG Qingxiang. Characteristics of rock pressure in shallow seam and definition of shallow seam[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1174-1177.
[15]代长春,马宁,杨洋,等.水平应力影响下深部近距离巷道围岩稳定性研究[J].中国煤炭,2019,45(6):114-119.DAI Changchun, MA Ning, YANG Yang, et al. Study on stability of surrounding rock of deep and short distance roadway under horizontal stress[J].China Coal,2019,45(6):114-119.
[16]杨胜利,王兆会,蒋威,等.高强度开采工作面煤岩灾变的推进速度效应分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(3):586-594.YANG Shengli,WANG Zhaohui,JIANG Wei,et al. Analysis of the advancing speed effect of coal and rock catastrophe in highstrength mining face[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(3):586-594.
[17]张宏伟,李云鹏,陈蓥,等.三硬条件下孤岛工作面安全推进速度研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(2):6-11.ZHANG Hongwei,LI Yunpeng,CHEN Ying,et al. Study on the safe advancing speed of isolated island working face under three hard conditions[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(2):6-11.
[18]李海涛,宋力,周宏伟,等.率效应影响下煤的冲击特性评价方法及应用[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(12):2763-2771.LI Haitao,SONG Li,ZHOU Hongwei,et al. Evaluation method and application of coal impact characteristics under the influence of rate effect[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(12):2763-2771.
[19]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1511-1516.JIANG Fuxing,YANG Shuhua,CHENG Yunhai,et al. Microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mines[J]. Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1511-1516.
[20]刘懿.采场覆岩载荷三带结构模型及其在冲击危险辨识中的应用[D].北京:北京科技大学,2017.
[2]姜福兴,XUN Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23-25.JIANG Fuxing,XUN Luo,YANG Shuhua. Microseismic monitoring study on spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwall face[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23-25.
[3]潘俊锋,毛德兵.冲击地压启动理论与成套技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2016.
[4]窦林名,牟应龙,曹安业,等.煤矿冲击矿压防治[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[5]齐庆新,窦林名.冲击地压理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008.
[6]尹万蕾,潘一山,李忠华,等.冲击地压与微震影响因素的关系研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(2):109-114.YIN Wanlei,PAN Yishan,LI Zhonghua,et al. Study on the relationship between rock burst and microseismic factors[J]. China safety science Journal,2017,27(2):109-114.
[7]刘金海,孙浩,田昭军,等.煤矿冲击地压的推采速度效应及其动态调控[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(7):1858-1865.LIU Jinhai,SUN Hao,TIAN Zhaojun,et al. The effect of mining speed on rock burst in coal mines and its dynamic regulation[J].Journal of Coal Mine,2018,43(7):1858-1865.
[8]任水泉.推采速度对工作面矿山压力及回采巷道稳定性的影响[J].煤矿安全,2018,49(8):234-238.REN Shuiquan.The influence of mining speed on the mine pressure and the stability of mining roadway[J]. Safety in Coal Mines,2018,49(8):234-238.
[9]赵同彬,郭伟耀,韩飞,等.工作面回采速度影响下煤层顶板能量积聚释放分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(10):37-44.ZHAO Tongbin,GUO Weiyao,HAN Fei,et al. Analysis of energy accumulation and release of coal seam roof under the influence of mining speed[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(10):37-44.
[10]潘岳,王志强,李爱武.初次断裂期间超前工作面坚硬顶板挠度、弯矩和能量变化的解析解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):32-41.PAN Yue,WANG Zhiqiang,LI Aiwu. Analytical solution of deflection,bending moment and energy change of hard roof in advance during the first fracture[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):32-41.
[11]李新元,马念杰,钟亚平,等.坚硬顶板断裂过程中弹性能量积聚与释放的分布规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(S1):2786-2793.LI Xinyuan,MA Nianjie,ZHONG Yaping,et al. Distribution of elastic energy accumulation and release during fracture of hard roof[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):2786-2793.
[12]王磊,谢广祥.综采面推进速度对煤岩动力灾害的影响研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2010,39(1):70-74.WANG Lei,XIE Guangxiang. Study on the influence of the advancing speed of fully mechanized mining face on coal and rock dynamic disasters[J]. Chinese Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2010,39(1):70-74.
[13]谢广祥,常聚才,华心祝.开采速度对综放面围岩力学特征影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(7):963-967.XIE Guangxiang,CHANG Jucai,HUA Xinzhu. Study on the influence of mining speed on mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock of fully mechanized caving face[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(7):963-967.
[14]黄庆享.浅埋煤层的矿压特征与浅埋煤层定义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1174-1177.HUANG Qingxiang. Characteristics of rock pressure in shallow seam and definition of shallow seam[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1174-1177.
[15]代长春,马宁,杨洋,等.水平应力影响下深部近距离巷道围岩稳定性研究[J].中国煤炭,2019,45(6):114-119.DAI Changchun, MA Ning, YANG Yang, et al. Study on stability of surrounding rock of deep and short distance roadway under horizontal stress[J].China Coal,2019,45(6):114-119.
[16]杨胜利,王兆会,蒋威,等.高强度开采工作面煤岩灾变的推进速度效应分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(3):586-594.YANG Shengli,WANG Zhaohui,JIANG Wei,et al. Analysis of the advancing speed effect of coal and rock catastrophe in highstrength mining face[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(3):586-594.
[17]张宏伟,李云鹏,陈蓥,等.三硬条件下孤岛工作面安全推进速度研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(2):6-11.ZHANG Hongwei,LI Yunpeng,CHEN Ying,et al. Study on the safe advancing speed of isolated island working face under three hard conditions[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(2):6-11.
[18]李海涛,宋力,周宏伟,等.率效应影响下煤的冲击特性评价方法及应用[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(12):2763-2771.LI Haitao,SONG Li,ZHOU Hongwei,et al. Evaluation method and application of coal impact characteristics under the influence of rate effect[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(12):2763-2771.
[19]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1511-1516.JIANG Fuxing,YANG Shuhua,CHENG Yunhai,et al. Microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mines[J]. Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1511-1516.
[20]刘懿.采场覆岩载荷三带结构模型及其在冲击危险辨识中的应用[D].北京:北京科技大学,2017.
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