宝鸡市不同功能区灰尘重金属污染特征与评价
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摘要
采集宝鸡市不同功能区灰尘,用ICP-MS测定Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Ni、Co、Cd、As 8种重金属元素含量,采用生态风险指数法(RI)、污染负荷指数法(PLI)和GIS空间分析研究元素含量、污染水平及生态风险。结果表明:宝鸡市各功能区灰尘重金属含量水平总体偏高,Cd、Zn、Cu、As含量远超陕西省土壤背景值(1. 30～34. 79倍);工业区、交通区重金属含量明显高于其他功能区;不同功能区的RI值排序为交通区>工业区>文教区>住宅区>商业区,交通区和工业区RI值分别为698. 96、680. 01,生态风险达到很强级别; PLI值排序为工业区>交通区>文教区>商业区>住宅区,工业区和交通区处于中度污染水平,其余为轻度污染水平。宝鸡城区灰尘PLI_(zone)为1. 83,为轻度污染水平。RI值与PLI值的空间分布特征存在一致性,在任家湾火车站和市政府周围出现很强生态风险等级和中度污染水平。RI值在华城汽车产业园附近,PLI值在连天线东段也出现较高值。
The contamination and ecological risk assessment in different functional areas dust of Baoji including Pb,Zn,Cu,Cr,Ni,Co,Cd,and As were analyzed by means of GIS analysis,the potential ecological risk index( RI) and pollution load index( PLI) respectively. It was found that the content of dust heavy metals especially Cd、Zn、Cu、As in all functional areas were several times higher than the background values of Shaanxi province( 1. 30 ～ 34. 79). The heavy metal content in industrial area and traffic area were significantly higher than that in other functional areas. The order of RI values in different functional areas were industrial area,cultural and educational area,residential area and commercial area. The RI in traffic area and industrial area was 698. 96 and 680. 01,respectively. The PLI values were ranked as traffic area,cultural area,business area and residential area,while the industrial area and traffic area were at the moderate pollution level. The rest of the functional areas were at light pollution level. The dust PLI_(zone) in Baoji was 1. 83,which was at a slight pollution level. The spatial distribution characteristics of RI value and PLI value were consistent,and there was a strong ecological risk level and moderate pollution level around the municipal government and Renjiawan Railway Station. The higher value areas of RI and PLI also appeared in the areas near the Huacheng Automobile Industrial Park and the eastern section of Liantian Avenue respectively.
The contamination and ecological risk assessment in different functional areas dust of Baoji including Pb,Zn,Cu,Cr,Ni,Co,Cd,and As were analyzed by means of GIS analysis,the potential ecological risk index( RI) and pollution load index( PLI) respectively. It was found that the content of dust heavy metals especially Cd、Zn、Cu、As in all functional areas were several times higher than the background values of Shaanxi province( 1. 30 ～ 34. 79). The heavy metal content in industrial area and traffic area were significantly higher than that in other functional areas. The order of RI values in different functional areas were industrial area,cultural and educational area,residential area and commercial area. The RI in traffic area and industrial area was 698. 96 and 680. 01,respectively. The PLI values were ranked as traffic area,cultural area,business area and residential area,while the industrial area and traffic area were at the moderate pollution level. The rest of the functional areas were at light pollution level. The dust PLI_(zone) in Baoji was 1. 83,which was at a slight pollution level. The spatial distribution characteristics of RI value and PLI value were consistent,and there was a strong ecological risk level and moderate pollution level around the municipal government and Renjiawan Railway Station. The higher value areas of RI and PLI also appeared in the areas near the Huacheng Automobile Industrial Park and the eastern section of Liantian Avenue respectively.
引文
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[7]梁仕华，陈俊涛，龚星，等．掺加垃圾焚烧飞灰的水泥土重金属浸出毒性及力学特性分析[J]．环境工程，2019,37(3):163-167.
[8]于瑞莲，胡恭任，戚红璐，等．泉州市不同功能区大气降尘重金属污染及生态风险评价[J]．环境化学，2010,29(6):1086-1090.
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[10]薛东前，段志勇，贺伟光．关中城市群工业分工协调及密集带规划研究[J]．干旱区地理，2013,36(6):1125-1135.
[11]王利军，卢新卫，雷凯，等．宝鸡市街尘重金属元素含量、来源及形态特征[J]．环境科学，2011,32(8):2470-2476.
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[13]张军，董洁，梁青芳，等．宝鸡城区土壤重金属空间分布特征及生态风险评价[J]．干旱区资源与环境，2018,32(10):100-106.
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[15]张转，卫新东，郭树延，等．城市建设用地集约度测评及空间分异特性研究[J]．水土保持研究，2017,24(5):314-320.
[16] Aristomenis P K,Helen K. Use of enrichment factors for the assessment of heavy metal contamination in the sediments of Koumoundourou Lake,Greece[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2009,204(4):243-258
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[20]徐争启，倪师军，庹先国，等．潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J]．环境科学与技术，2008,31(2):112-115.
[21]陈莉，李凤全，叶玮，等．浙江省城市灰尘重金属分布[J]．水土保持学报，2012,26(2):241-245.
[22]闫慧，陈杰，肖军．典型农业城市街道灰尘重金属特征及其环境风险评价:以许昌市为例[J]．环境科学，2013,34(10):4017-4023.
[23] Ferreira L,Miguel E D.Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola:A tropic urban environment[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(4):4501-4512.
[24]周潇，卢新卫，蔡月，等．西安市不同功能区可悬浮灰尘中重金属含量、形态及污染评价[J]．环境化学，2018,37(9):1921-1927.
[25] Wei X,Gao B,Wang P,et al. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dusts from different functional areas in Beijing, China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2015,112(1):186-192.
[26]王亚楠，杨再福，汪涛，等．太浦河流域土壤重金属污染状况分析及风险评价[J]．环境工程，2019,37(1):18-22.
[27] Lin M L,Gui H R,Wang Y et al. Pollution characteristics,source apportionment,and health risk of heavy metals in street dust of Suzhou,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(2):1987-1998.
[28]马武生，金根娣，薛梅，等．某地区集中式饮用水源地土壤重金属污染状况、评价与源解析[J]．环境工程，2016,34(12):141-146.
[2]袁宏林，杨梦妮，张颖，等．西安市冬季大气颗粒物中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J]．环境工程，2019,37(1):176-181.
[3] Tang Z W,Chai M,Chen J L,et al. Contamination and health risks of heavy metals in street dust from a coal-mining city in eastern China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2017,138(2):83-91.
[4] Kamani H,Mahvi A H,Seyedsalehi M,et al.Contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in street dust of Tehran,Iran[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2017,14(12):2675-2682.
[5]钟萍，张家泉，占长林，等．华中冶金工业走廊表层土壤、道路尘重金属污染特征及健康风险[J]．环境化学，2019,38(1):87-96.
[6]刘德鸿，王发园，周文利，等．洛阳市不同功能区道路灰尘重金属污染及潜在生态风险[J]．环境科学，2012,33(1):253-259.
[7]梁仕华，陈俊涛，龚星，等．掺加垃圾焚烧飞灰的水泥土重金属浸出毒性及力学特性分析[J]．环境工程，2019,37(3):163-167.
[8]于瑞莲，胡恭任，戚红璐，等．泉州市不同功能区大气降尘重金属污染及生态风险评价[J]．环境化学，2010,29(6):1086-1090.
[9]王妙妙，曹小曙．基于交通通达性的关中—天水经济区县际经济联系测度及时空动态分析[J]．地理研究，2016,35(6):1107-1126.
[10]薛东前，段志勇，贺伟光．关中城市群工业分工协调及密集带规划研究[J]．干旱区地理，2013,36(6):1125-1135.
[11]王利军，卢新卫，雷凯，等．宝鸡市街尘重金属元素含量、来源及形态特征[J]．环境科学，2011,32(8):2470-2476.
[12] Wang L J,Lu X W,Lei K,et al. Content,source and speciation of heavy metal elements of street dusts in Baoji City[J].Environment Science,2012,32(8):2470-2476.
[13]张军，董洁，梁青芳，等．宝鸡城区土壤重金属空间分布特征及生态风险评价[J]．干旱区资源与环境，2018,32(10):100-106.
[14] Guo G H,Wu F C,Xie F Z,et al. Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in urban soils from southwest China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24(3):410-418.
[15]张转，卫新东，郭树延，等．城市建设用地集约度测评及空间分异特性研究[J]．水土保持研究，2017,24(5):314-320.
[16] Aristomenis P K,Helen K. Use of enrichment factors for the assessment of heavy metal contamination in the sediments of Koumoundourou Lake,Greece[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2009,204(4):243-258
[17]徐通，郭岐明，陈清敏，等．北秦岭宝鸡地区早志留世鸡冠崖高分异碰撞型花岗岩年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义[J]．地质科技情报，2018,37(1):79-87.
[18] Hakanson L. An Ecological Risk Index for aquatic pollution control,a sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[19] Tomlinson D L,Wilson J G,Harris C R,et al. Problems in the assessment of heavy metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index[J].Helgoland Marine Research,1980,33(1):566-575.
[20]徐争启，倪师军，庹先国，等．潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J]．环境科学与技术，2008,31(2):112-115.
[21]陈莉，李凤全，叶玮，等．浙江省城市灰尘重金属分布[J]．水土保持学报，2012,26(2):241-245.
[22]闫慧，陈杰，肖军．典型农业城市街道灰尘重金属特征及其环境风险评价:以许昌市为例[J]．环境科学，2013,34(10):4017-4023.
[23] Ferreira L,Miguel E D.Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola:A tropic urban environment[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(4):4501-4512.
[24]周潇，卢新卫，蔡月，等．西安市不同功能区可悬浮灰尘中重金属含量、形态及污染评价[J]．环境化学，2018,37(9):1921-1927.
[25] Wei X,Gao B,Wang P,et al. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dusts from different functional areas in Beijing, China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2015,112(1):186-192.
[26]王亚楠，杨再福，汪涛，等．太浦河流域土壤重金属污染状况分析及风险评价[J]．环境工程，2019,37(1):18-22.
[27] Lin M L,Gui H R,Wang Y et al. Pollution characteristics,source apportionment,and health risk of heavy metals in street dust of Suzhou,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(2):1987-1998.
[28]马武生，金根娣，薛梅，等．某地区集中式饮用水源地土壤重金属污染状况、评价与源解析[J]．环境工程，2016,34(12):141-146.
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