大光包滑坡启动机制:强震过程滑带非协调变形与岩体动力致损
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摘要
2008年汶川地震触发的大光包滑坡是世界上罕见的巨型滑坡。滑坡后暴露长达1.8km的剪滑光面,光面上发育厚度达3 m的碎裂岩带,带内岩体不但存在先期碎裂,而且地震中产生了大量新碎裂。大光包滑坡独特地质现象和复杂形成机制受到国内外持续争论和广泛研究。本文在已有研究基础上,总结10年调查成果,建立大光包滑坡地质原型:该滑坡是碳酸盐岩地层内由先期层间构造错动带控滑的地震大型滑坡。进一步将该错动带概化为软弱层带,开展含软弱层带地质体的振动台模型试验;结果表明,振动过程软弱层带与顶底硬层产生非协调变形,在软弱层带内形成强大振动冲压–张拉和振动剪切力,使得带内土压力较顶底硬层显著放大,并将这类动力学行为概括为动力非协调变形响应。从而认为,动力非协调变形致损是大光包滑坡滑带岩体震裂成因,以此提出,强震过程软弱层带非协调变形与岩体动力致损可能诱发了大光包滑坡失稳启动。
Daguangbao(DGB) landslide,with a 3 m deep fragmented rock zone at 1.8 km long sliding surface,is a gigantic landslide triggered by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The fragmented zone formed due to historical tectonic motion and Wenchuan earthquake. Because of the unique and complexity,DGB landslide is wildly studied over the world. Based on 10 years′ investigations,a geological model of DGB landslide was proposed. DGB landslide was a gigantic earthquake-induced landslide in carbonate strata and shear failure was triggered in a bedding fault. Shaking table model test was conducted with a weak layer simplified from the bedding fault. The results reveal that the deformations of the weak layer and the upper hard layer are discordant during vibration and the discordant deformation results in vibrating compression-tension or vibrating shearing pressure within the weak layer. It was concluded that rock fragmentation within the shear zone is ascribed to the discordant deformation response of the bedding fault and that the discordant deformation of the bedding fault and the corresponding rock dynamic damage trigger DGB landslide.
Daguangbao(DGB) landslide,with a 3 m deep fragmented rock zone at 1.8 km long sliding surface,is a gigantic landslide triggered by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The fragmented zone formed due to historical tectonic motion and Wenchuan earthquake. Because of the unique and complexity,DGB landslide is wildly studied over the world. Based on 10 years′ investigations,a geological model of DGB landslide was proposed. DGB landslide was a gigantic earthquake-induced landslide in carbonate strata and shear failure was triggered in a bedding fault. Shaking table model test was conducted with a weak layer simplified from the bedding fault. The results reveal that the deformations of the weak layer and the upper hard layer are discordant during vibration and the discordant deformation results in vibrating compression-tension or vibrating shearing pressure within the weak layer. It was concluded that rock fragmentation within the shear zone is ascribed to the discordant deformation response of the bedding fault and that the discordant deformation of the bedding fault and the corresponding rock dynamic damage trigger DGB landslide.
引文
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[2]刘汉香,许强,周飞,等.软弱夹层厚度和倾角对斜坡地震动加速度响应规律的影响[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(增1):118-124.(LIU Hanxiang,XU Qiang,ZHOU Fei,et al.Influence of a weak interlayer of different thicknesses and dip angles on seismic acceleration responses of a slope[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(Supp.1):118-124.(in Chinese))
[3]黄润秋,余嘉顺.软弱夹层特性对地震波强度影响的模拟研究[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(3):312-317.(HUANG Runqiu,YU Jiashun.Modelling of the effects of properties of a buried weak layer on the seismic waves[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(3):312-317.(in Chinese))
[4]范留明,闫娜,李宁.薄弹性软弱夹层的动力响应模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(1):88-92.(FAN Liuming,YAN Na,LI Ning.Dynamic response model for thin soft interlayer considering interbedded reflecting waves[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(1):88-92.(in Chinese))
[5]范留明,李宁.软弱夹层的透射模型及其隔震特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2 456-2 462.(FAN Liuming,LINing.Transmission model of weak intercalation and its vibration isolation properties[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2 456-2 462.(in Chinese))
[6]刘立平,杨实君,李英民.软夹层参数对边坡动力特性的影响分析[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2007,30(5):31-34.(LIULiping,YANG Shijun,LI Yingmin.Influence of soft soil layer on dynamic characteristic of the slope[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science,2007,30(5):31-34.(in Chinese))
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[8]陈立强,田琪,左晓晗.地震波在不同地层下的转换[J].兰州交通大学学报,2004,23(6):23-25.(CHEN Liqiang,TIAN Qi,ZUOXiaohan.Transform of Seismic Wave at Different Strata[J].Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2004,23(6):23-25.(in Chinese))
[9]殷跃平,王猛,李滨,等.汶川地震大光包滑坡动力响应特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(10):1 969-1 982.(YINYueping,WANG Meng,LI Bin,et al.Dynamic response characteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(10):1 969-1 982.(in Chinese))
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[14]冯文凯,易小宇,葛华,等.大光包滑坡滑带碎裂岩体原位钻孔剪切试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(9):1 718-1 723.(FENGWenkai,YI Xiaoyu,GE Hua,et al.In-situ borehole shear tests on cataclastic rock mass of Daguangbao landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(9):1 718-1 723.(in Chinese))
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[17]崔圣华.强震巨型滑坡滑带碎裂岩体微细观分析及静动力破损机制研究[博士学位论文][D].成都:成都理工大学,2014.(CUIShenghua.Microstructure and static dynamics damage mechanism of the slipping cataclastic rock of the largest scale landslide-a case of Daguangbao landslide in Anxian[M.S.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014.(in Chinese))
[18]许强,刘汉香,邹威,等.斜坡加速度动力响应特性的大型振动台试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(12):2 420-2 428.(XU Qiang,LIU Hanxiang,ZOU Wei,et al.Study on slope dynamic responses of accelerations by large-scale shaking table test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(12):2 420-2 428.(in Chinese))
[19]谢俊举,温增平,李小军,等.基于小波方法分析汶川地震近断层地震动的速度脉冲特性[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6):1 963-1 972.(XIE Junju,WEN Zengping,LI Xiaojun,et al.Analysis of velocity pulses for near-fault strong motions from the Wenchuan earthquake based on wavelet method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(6):1 963-1 972.(in Chinese))
[20]CUI S,HUANG R,PEI X.Geological causes of earthquake induced large landslide:Case study of Daguangbao landslide[C]//proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Landslides.Napoli,Italy:[s.n.],2016:707-714.
[21]黄润秋,裴向军,崔圣华.大光包滑坡滑带岩体碎裂特征及其形成机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(1):1-15.(HUANGRunqiu,PEI Xiangjun,CUI Shenghua.Cataclastic characteristic and formation mechanism of rock mass sliding zone of Daguangbao landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(1):1-15.(in Chinese))
[22]武成.变形体非协调理论[J].应用数学和力学,1989,(4):371.(WU Cheng.Incompatibility theory of deformable body[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,1989,(4):371.(in Chinese))
[23]张倬元,王士天,王兰生,等.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.(ZHANG Zhuoyuan,WANG Shitian,WANGLansheng,et al.Principles of engineering geological analysis[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009.(in Chinese))
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