基于非线性损伤理论的改进CVISC模型及其在FLAC3D中实现
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摘要
滑坡形成是一个典型的岩土变形破坏时效过程,低速滑坡时效过程尤为显著。基于流变理论,建立反映滑坡变形破坏发展过程的本构模型、预测滑坡活动趋势,一直是国内外滑坡研究的基本途径和难点问题之一。然而,目前国内外已有的多数流变模型仅能反映滑坡岩土蠕变的第一、第二阶段,不能刻画滑坡岩土蠕变的第三阶段(加速蠕变阶段)。本文基于滑带在滑坡中的作用以及滑带岩土剪切蠕变发展的累进性和非线性特征,借助损伤理论,在FLAC3D内置的CVISC流变本构模型中引入非线性损伤黏塑性元件,构建了可描述滑坡加速蠕变过程的非线性损伤流变本构模型,依据类比原理建立了改进的CVISC三维差分模型,通过FLAC3D开放的用户接口实现了本构模型的二次开发,并将改进的CVISC模型用于长期缓慢滑移、伴随间歇性剧烈活动的甘肃舟曲泄流坡数值模拟中。模拟结果显示,该模型不仅呈现了滑坡的加速蠕变特征,而且揭示的滑坡活动特征与其曾经出现的活动特征基本一致,从而证实基于非线性损伤理论的改进CVISC模型具有较好的有效性。
Generation of a landslide is a typical aging process of rock and soil deformation.Therefore,it is a basic method and also a difficult problem to build constitutive models that reflect the deformation process of landslides and furthermore to use the models for prediction.However,many classical rheological models can only be used to describe the first and second creeping stages and are unable to describe the third accelerated stage.Base on the non-linear and aging characteristics of the slip zone soil during the shear creeping development and the damage theory,this paper attempts to construct a non-linear damage rheological constitutive model by combining a non-linear damage visco-plastic element with the CVISC rheological modelbuilt-in FLAC3D,namely the modified CVISC model.For implementing this modified CIVSC model in 3D numerical simulations,its 3D difference equations are developed.The numerical codes for the difference equations are programmed following the roles of the FLAC3D's user interface program.This model is applied to simulation of the Xieliupo landslide,which is a long-term slow-moving landslide with intermittently intense movement.The results show that the modified CVISC model can disclose accelerated creeping of the landslide,which is roughly consistent with the movement history of the landslide.This gives an indication of the validity of the modified CVISC model based on non-linear damage theory.
Generation of a landslide is a typical aging process of rock and soil deformation.Therefore,it is a basic method and also a difficult problem to build constitutive models that reflect the deformation process of landslides and furthermore to use the models for prediction.However,many classical rheological models can only be used to describe the first and second creeping stages and are unable to describe the third accelerated stage.Base on the non-linear and aging characteristics of the slip zone soil during the shear creeping development and the damage theory,this paper attempts to construct a non-linear damage rheological constitutive model by combining a non-linear damage visco-plastic element with the CVISC rheological modelbuilt-in FLAC3D,namely the modified CVISC model.For implementing this modified CIVSC model in 3D numerical simulations,its 3D difference equations are developed.The numerical codes for the difference equations are programmed following the roles of the FLAC3D's user interface program.This model is applied to simulation of the Xieliupo landslide,which is a long-term slow-moving landslide with intermittently intense movement.The results show that the modified CVISC model can disclose accelerated creeping of the landslide,which is roughly consistent with the movement history of the landslide.This gives an indication of the validity of the modified CVISC model based on non-linear damage theory.
引文
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[2]韩爱果,聂德新,任光明,等.大型滑坡滑带土剪切流变特性研究[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(4):345-348.[HAN A G,NIE D X,REN G M,et al.Study on shear rheological behaviors of soil in slip zone of a large scale landslide[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,9(4):345-348.(in Chinese)]
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[5]汪斌,朱杰兵,唐辉明,等.黄土坡滑坡滑带土的蠕变特性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(1):49-52.[WANG B,ZHU J B,TANG H M,et al.Study on creep behavior of slip band soil of Huangtupo landslide[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2008,25(1):49-52.(in Chinese)]
[6]齐亚静,姜清辉,王志俭,等.改进西原模型的三维蠕变本构方程及其参数辨识[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):347-355.[QI Y J,JIANGQ H,WANG Z J,et al.3D creep constitutive equation of modified Nishihara model and its parameters identification[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):347-355.(in Chinese)]
[7]TAVENAS F,LEROUEIL S,ROCHELLE P L,et al.Creep behaviour of an undisturbed lightly overconsolidated clay[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1978,15(3):402-423.
[8]PERZYNA P.Fundamental Problems in Viscoplasticity[J].Advances in applied mechanics,1966,9:243-377.
[9]BOUKHAROV G N,CHANDA M W,BOUKHAROVN G.The three processes of brittle crystalline rock creep[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(4):325-335.
[10]张奇华,彭光忠.链子崖危岩体软弱夹层的蠕变性质研究[J].岩土力学,1997,18(1):60-64.[ZHANG Q H,PENG G Z.Research on creep behavior of the week intercalated bed in the dangerous rock body of Lianzi Cliff[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1997,18(1):60-64.(in Chinese)]
[11]严绍军,项伟,唐辉明,等.大岩淌滑坡滑带土蠕变性质研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(1):58-62.[YAN S J,XIANG W,TANG H M,et al.Research on creep behavior of slip band soil of Dayangtang landslide[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(1):58-62.(in Chinese)]
[12]邓荣贵,周德培,张倬元,等.一种新的岩石流变模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):780-784.[DENG R G,ZHOU D P,ZHANG Z Y,et al.Anew rheological model for rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2001,20(6):780-784.(in Chinese)]
[13]曹树刚,边金,李鹏.岩石蠕变本构关系及改进的西原正夫模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(5):632-634.[CAO S G,BIAN J,LI P.Rheologic constitutive relationship of rocks and a modified model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2002,21(5):632-634.(in Chinese)]
[14]丁秀丽.岩体流变特性的试验研究及模型参数辨识[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2005.[DING X L.Experimental study on rock mass rheological properties and identification for the constitutive model and parameters[D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,The Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005.(in Chinese)]
[15]朱维申,邱祥波,李术才,等.损伤流变模型在三峡船闸高边坡稳定性分析的初步应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5):431-436.[ZHU WS,QIU X B,LI S C,et al.Preliminary stability analysis of high slope of the Three Gorges shiplock by damage-rehology model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1997,16(5):431-436.(in Chinese)]
[16]周维垣,杨延毅.节理岩体的损伤断裂模型及验证[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,9(1):43-54.[ZHOU W Y,YANG Y Y.A damage fracture mechanics model for jointed rock masses and its verification[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1991,9(1):43-54.(in Chinese)]
[17]肖洪天,周维垣,杨若琼.三峡永久船闸高边坡流变损伤稳定性分析[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(6):94-98.[XIAO H T,ZHOU W Y,YANG R Q.A new model of rheological damage for slope stability analysis[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,33(6):94-98.(in Chinese)]
[18]周峙,张家铭,刘宇航,等.巴东组紫红色泥质粉砂岩损伤特性三轴试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(2):56-60.[ZHOU Z,ZHANG J M,LIU Y H,et al.A triaxial testing study of the damage characteristics of purple argillaceous siltstone of the Badong formation[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(2):56-60.(in Chinese)]
[19]陈新泽,唐辉明,杨有成,等.基于FLAC3D强度折减法滑坡三维稳定性研究---以三峡库区白果树古滑坡群为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(2):24-29.[CHEN X Z,TANG H M,YANG YC,et al.3D analysis of landslide stability based on strength reduction FLAC3D:taking Baiguoshu paleolandslide group in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as example[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(2):24-29.(in Chinese)]
[20]维亚洛夫.土力学的流变原理[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.[ССВялов.Rheologic Theory of Soil Mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.(in Chinese)]
[21]孙钧.岩土材料流变及其工程应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999:32-33.[SUN J.Rheology of rock and soil material and its application in engineering[M].Beijing:China Architectural Industry Press,1999:32-33.(in Chinese)]
[22]蒋秀姿,文宝萍.缓慢复活型滑坡滑带土的蠕变性质与特征强度试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(2):495-501.[JIANG X Z,WEN B P.Creep behavior of slip zone of reactivated slow-moving landslide and its characteristic strength[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(2):495-501.(in Chinese)]
[23]沈为.损伤力学[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1995:56-58.[SHEN W.Damage Mechanics[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,1995:56-58.(in Chinese)]
[24]宋勇军.干燥和饱水状态下炭质板岩流变力学特性与模型研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.[SONG Y J.Study on rheological mechanical properties and models of carbonaceous slate under dry and saturated states[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2013.(in Chinese)]
[25]ITASCA F D.Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in3-Dimensions,version 3.0,manual[M].Itasca,Minnesota,1997.
[26]蒋树,文宝萍,赵成,等.甘肃舟曲泄流坡滑坡活动机理分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2013,24(3):1-7.[JIANG S,WEN B P,ZHAOC,et al.Creep mechanism analysis of xieliupo landslide in Zhouqu county of Gansu province[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2013,24(3):1-7.(in Chinese)]
[27]陈长云,任金卫,孟国杰,等.巴颜喀拉块体北东缘主要断裂现今活动性分析[J].地形变测量与地球动力学,2012,32(3):27-30.[CHEN C Y,REN J W,MENG G J,et al.Analysis of modern activity of major faults in northeast margin of BaryanHar block[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32(3):27-30.(in Chinese)]
[28]JIANG S,WEN B P,ZHAO C,et al.Kinematics of a giant slow-moving landslide in Northwest China:Constraints from high resolution remote sensing imagery and GPS monitoring[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2016,123:34-46.
[29]WEN B P,JIANG X Z.Effect of gravel content on creep behavior of clayey soil at residual state:implication for its role in slow-moving landslides[J].Landslides,2016,14(2):559-576.
[30]蒋秀姿.巨型低速滑坡滑带土蠕变行为与非线性本构模型研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015.[JIANG X Z.Research on creep behavior and nonlinear rheology constitutive model of giant slowmoving landslides'slip zone[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2015.(in Chinese)]
[31]吴玮江,王念秦.甘肃滑坡灾害[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2006:63-72.[WU W J,WANG NQ.Gansu landslide disaster[M].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University Press,2006:63-72.(in Chinese)]
[2]韩爱果,聂德新,任光明,等.大型滑坡滑带土剪切流变特性研究[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(4):345-348.[HAN A G,NIE D X,REN G M,et al.Study on shear rheological behaviors of soil in slip zone of a large scale landslide[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,9(4):345-348.(in Chinese)]
[3]MALET J P,MAQUAIRE O,LOCAT J,et al.Assessing debris flow hazards associated with slow moving landslides:methodology and numerical analyses[J].Landslides,2004,1(1):83-90.
[4]王志俭,殷坤龙,简文星,等.三峡库区万州红层砂岩流变特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(4):840-847.[WANG Z J,YIN KL,JIAN W X,et al.Experimental study of rheological behaviors of Wanzhou red sandstone in Three Gorges Reservoir area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(4):840-847.(in Chinese)]
[5]汪斌,朱杰兵,唐辉明,等.黄土坡滑坡滑带土的蠕变特性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(1):49-52.[WANG B,ZHU J B,TANG H M,et al.Study on creep behavior of slip band soil of Huangtupo landslide[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2008,25(1):49-52.(in Chinese)]
[6]齐亚静,姜清辉,王志俭,等.改进西原模型的三维蠕变本构方程及其参数辨识[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):347-355.[QI Y J,JIANGQ H,WANG Z J,et al.3D creep constitutive equation of modified Nishihara model and its parameters identification[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(2):347-355.(in Chinese)]
[7]TAVENAS F,LEROUEIL S,ROCHELLE P L,et al.Creep behaviour of an undisturbed lightly overconsolidated clay[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1978,15(3):402-423.
[8]PERZYNA P.Fundamental Problems in Viscoplasticity[J].Advances in applied mechanics,1966,9:243-377.
[9]BOUKHAROV G N,CHANDA M W,BOUKHAROVN G.The three processes of brittle crystalline rock creep[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(4):325-335.
[10]张奇华,彭光忠.链子崖危岩体软弱夹层的蠕变性质研究[J].岩土力学,1997,18(1):60-64.[ZHANG Q H,PENG G Z.Research on creep behavior of the week intercalated bed in the dangerous rock body of Lianzi Cliff[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1997,18(1):60-64.(in Chinese)]
[11]严绍军,项伟,唐辉明,等.大岩淌滑坡滑带土蠕变性质研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(1):58-62.[YAN S J,XIANG W,TANG H M,et al.Research on creep behavior of slip band soil of Dayangtang landslide[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(1):58-62.(in Chinese)]
[12]邓荣贵,周德培,张倬元,等.一种新的岩石流变模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):780-784.[DENG R G,ZHOU D P,ZHANG Z Y,et al.Anew rheological model for rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2001,20(6):780-784.(in Chinese)]
[13]曹树刚,边金,李鹏.岩石蠕变本构关系及改进的西原正夫模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(5):632-634.[CAO S G,BIAN J,LI P.Rheologic constitutive relationship of rocks and a modified model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2002,21(5):632-634.(in Chinese)]
[14]丁秀丽.岩体流变特性的试验研究及模型参数辨识[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2005.[DING X L.Experimental study on rock mass rheological properties and identification for the constitutive model and parameters[D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,The Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005.(in Chinese)]
[15]朱维申,邱祥波,李术才,等.损伤流变模型在三峡船闸高边坡稳定性分析的初步应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5):431-436.[ZHU WS,QIU X B,LI S C,et al.Preliminary stability analysis of high slope of the Three Gorges shiplock by damage-rehology model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1997,16(5):431-436.(in Chinese)]
[16]周维垣,杨延毅.节理岩体的损伤断裂模型及验证[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,9(1):43-54.[ZHOU W Y,YANG Y Y.A damage fracture mechanics model for jointed rock masses and its verification[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1991,9(1):43-54.(in Chinese)]
[17]肖洪天,周维垣,杨若琼.三峡永久船闸高边坡流变损伤稳定性分析[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(6):94-98.[XIAO H T,ZHOU W Y,YANG R Q.A new model of rheological damage for slope stability analysis[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,33(6):94-98.(in Chinese)]
[18]周峙,张家铭,刘宇航,等.巴东组紫红色泥质粉砂岩损伤特性三轴试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(2):56-60.[ZHOU Z,ZHANG J M,LIU Y H,et al.A triaxial testing study of the damage characteristics of purple argillaceous siltstone of the Badong formation[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(2):56-60.(in Chinese)]
[19]陈新泽,唐辉明,杨有成,等.基于FLAC3D强度折减法滑坡三维稳定性研究---以三峡库区白果树古滑坡群为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(2):24-29.[CHEN X Z,TANG H M,YANG YC,et al.3D analysis of landslide stability based on strength reduction FLAC3D:taking Baiguoshu paleolandslide group in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as example[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(2):24-29.(in Chinese)]
[20]维亚洛夫.土力学的流变原理[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.[ССВялов.Rheologic Theory of Soil Mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.(in Chinese)]
[21]孙钧.岩土材料流变及其工程应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999:32-33.[SUN J.Rheology of rock and soil material and its application in engineering[M].Beijing:China Architectural Industry Press,1999:32-33.(in Chinese)]
[22]蒋秀姿,文宝萍.缓慢复活型滑坡滑带土的蠕变性质与特征强度试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(2):495-501.[JIANG X Z,WEN B P.Creep behavior of slip zone of reactivated slow-moving landslide and its characteristic strength[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(2):495-501.(in Chinese)]
[23]沈为.损伤力学[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1995:56-58.[SHEN W.Damage Mechanics[M].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press,1995:56-58.(in Chinese)]
[24]宋勇军.干燥和饱水状态下炭质板岩流变力学特性与模型研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013.[SONG Y J.Study on rheological mechanical properties and models of carbonaceous slate under dry and saturated states[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2013.(in Chinese)]
[25]ITASCA F D.Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in3-Dimensions,version 3.0,manual[M].Itasca,Minnesota,1997.
[26]蒋树,文宝萍,赵成,等.甘肃舟曲泄流坡滑坡活动机理分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2013,24(3):1-7.[JIANG S,WEN B P,ZHAOC,et al.Creep mechanism analysis of xieliupo landslide in Zhouqu county of Gansu province[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2013,24(3):1-7.(in Chinese)]
[27]陈长云,任金卫,孟国杰,等.巴颜喀拉块体北东缘主要断裂现今活动性分析[J].地形变测量与地球动力学,2012,32(3):27-30.[CHEN C Y,REN J W,MENG G J,et al.Analysis of modern activity of major faults in northeast margin of BaryanHar block[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32(3):27-30.(in Chinese)]
[28]JIANG S,WEN B P,ZHAO C,et al.Kinematics of a giant slow-moving landslide in Northwest China:Constraints from high resolution remote sensing imagery and GPS monitoring[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2016,123:34-46.
[29]WEN B P,JIANG X Z.Effect of gravel content on creep behavior of clayey soil at residual state:implication for its role in slow-moving landslides[J].Landslides,2016,14(2):559-576.
[30]蒋秀姿.巨型低速滑坡滑带土蠕变行为与非线性本构模型研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2015.[JIANG X Z.Research on creep behavior and nonlinear rheology constitutive model of giant slowmoving landslides'slip zone[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2015.(in Chinese)]
[31]吴玮江,王念秦.甘肃滑坡灾害[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2006:63-72.[WU W J,WANG NQ.Gansu landslide disaster[M].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University Press,2006:63-72.(in Chinese)]
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