西氿流域非点源污染负荷评估与治理对策
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摘要
通过监测太湖流域上游备用水源地西氿流域典型次降雨的降雨历时中支流河道样品水质以及降雨强度,探讨降雨过程对地表水体水质的影响,结果表明所监测次降雨对水体中污染物有冲刷携带增加和稀释的双重作用,前期冲刷携带占主导,主要营养盐浓度上升达到峰值,后期受稀释作用和地表可冲刷污染物量减少等因素影响,样品中污染物浓度变化不同步。西氿整体呈劣Ⅴ类水质,化学需氧量(COD)、总磷(TP)与总氮(TN)为该区域地表水体主要污染物。实地调研表明,非点源污染主要来源于生活污染、养殖业和种植业,近年治理工作取得一定成效。可见继续推进控源截污工程、开展专项整治并着重完善监管模式,对控制污染、保护备用水源具有重要意义。
By monitoring the water quality of tributary samples and precipitation during a typical rainfall event in the Xijiu Basin,which is the upstream backup water source of the Taihu Basin,the effects of rainfall process on the quality of ground surfaces' water body were explored. According to the results,the rainfall runoff had dual effects of adding and diluting on the pollutants in the water body. In the earlier stage of rainfall process,flushing and carrying were the main effects on the pollutants on ground surfaces,the concentrations of the main nutrients peaked. In the later stage,the pollutants' concentrations in the runoff fluctuated differently due to the dilution process and reduced flushable pollutants on ground surfaces. Overall the water quality of Xijiu basin was poorer than Class Ⅴ. Chemical oxygen demand( COD),total phosphorus( TP) and total nitrogen( TN) were key pollutants in the surface water body in this area. Field survey showed that non-point pollution mainly comes from living,aquaculture and planting,recent years' work to control pollution has seen certain benefits. Therefore,it is of great significance to continue to strengthen source pollution control and interception projects,carry out special rectification,and focus on improving the regulatory modes as to control pollution and protect backup water sources.
By monitoring the water quality of tributary samples and precipitation during a typical rainfall event in the Xijiu Basin,which is the upstream backup water source of the Taihu Basin,the effects of rainfall process on the quality of ground surfaces' water body were explored. According to the results,the rainfall runoff had dual effects of adding and diluting on the pollutants in the water body. In the earlier stage of rainfall process,flushing and carrying were the main effects on the pollutants on ground surfaces,the concentrations of the main nutrients peaked. In the later stage,the pollutants' concentrations in the runoff fluctuated differently due to the dilution process and reduced flushable pollutants on ground surfaces. Overall the water quality of Xijiu basin was poorer than Class Ⅴ. Chemical oxygen demand( COD),total phosphorus( TP) and total nitrogen( TN) were key pollutants in the surface water body in this area. Field survey showed that non-point pollution mainly comes from living,aquaculture and planting,recent years' work to control pollution has seen certain benefits. Therefore,it is of great significance to continue to strengthen source pollution control and interception projects,carry out special rectification,and focus on improving the regulatory modes as to control pollution and protect backup water sources.
引文
1陈双．宜兴市城市雨水径流污染特性的研究[D]．西安:西安建筑科技大学，2016Chen Shuang.Study on characteristics of urban storm runoff in Yixing city[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2016
2马建华，朱喜，胡明明，等．太湖蓝藻爆发现状及继续治理措施[J]．江苏水利，2017(3):21-27Ma Jianhua,Zhu Xi,Hu Mingming,et al.Current situation and countermeasures of blue-green algae outbreak in Taihu[J].Jiangsu Water Resources,2017(3):21-27
3晁爱敏，于海燕，周胜利，等．南太湖富营养化调查及评价[J]．环境污染与防治，2017,39(9):971-975Chao Aimin,Yu Haiyan,Zhou Shengli,et al.A survey and assessment of eutrophication in South Lake Tai[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2017,39(9):971-975
4刘庄，李维新，张毅敏，等．太湖流域非点源污染负荷估算[J]．生态与农村环境学报，2010,26(增刊1):45-48Liu Zhuang,Li Weixin,Zhang Yimin,et al.Estimation of non-point source pollution load in Lake Tai Basin[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2010,26(S1):45-48
5牛勇．太湖入湖河流污染特征及面源污染负荷研究[D]．武汉:华中农业大学，2013Niu Yong.Study on inflow rivers pollution characteristics,estimation of non-point source pollution in lake Taihu watershed[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2013
6李家科，李亚娇，李怀恩．城市地表径流污染负荷计算方法研究[J]．水资源与水工程学报，2010,21(2):5-13Li Jiake,Li Yajiao,Li Huai'en.Study on the calculation method for urban surface runoff pollution load[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2010,21(2):5-13
7程红光，岳勇，杨胜天，等．黄河流域非点源污染负荷估算与分析[J]．环境科学学报，2006,26(3):384-391Cheng Hongguang,Yue Yong,Yang Shengtian,et al.An estimation and evaluation of non-point source(NPS)pollution in the Yellow River Basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006,26(3):384-391
8欧阳威，刘迎春，冷思文，等．近三十年非点源污染研究发展趋势分析[J]．农业环境科学学报，2018,37(10):2234-2241Ouyang Wei,Liu Yingchun,Leng Siwen,et al.An analysis of research trends about non-point source pollution over the last three decades[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(10):2234-2241
9朱元甡，金光炎．城市水文学[M]．北京:中国科学技术出版社，1991Zhu Yuanshen,Jin Guangyan.Urban hydrology[M].Beijing:Science and Technology of China Press,1991
10李怀恩．估算非点源污染负荷的平均浓度法及其应用[J]．环境科学学报，2000,20(4):397-400Li Huai'en.Mean concentration method for estimation of nonpoint source load and its application[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2000,20(4):397-400
11方红远，陈志春．城市降雨径流负荷计算的统计分析法[J]．环境科学与技术，2002,25(1):13-15Fang Hongyuan,Chen Zhichun.Statistical analysis for urban runoff pollutant loading[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2002,25(1):13-15
12施为光．成都市径流污染的概念性模型[J]．四川环境，1994,13(2):65-70Shi Weiguang.Conceptional model system of urban runoff in Chengdu[J].Sichuan Environment,1994,13(2):65-70
13宜兴市水利农机局．宜兴市水资源综合规划[A]．宜兴:宜兴市人民政府，2009Water Conservancy and Agricultural Machinery Bureau of Yixing.Yixing City water resources comprehensive planning[Z].Yixing:Yixing Municipal People's Government,2009
14潘云皓．西氿水源水突发污染应急预处理技术研究[D]．哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学，2015Pan Yunhao.Research on emergency pretreatment measures for sudden pollution incidents in Xi'jiu[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2015
15张红举，陈方．太湖流域面源污染现状及控制途径[J]．水资源保护，2010,26(3):87-90Zhang Hongju,Chen Fang.Non-point pollution statistics and control measures in Taihu basin[J].Water Resources Protection.2010,26(3):87-90
16李静，闵庆文，李文华，等．太湖流域平原河网区农业污染研究---以常州市和宜兴市为例[J]．生态与农村环境学报，2014,30(2):167-173Li Jing,Min Qingwen,Li Wenhua,et al.Agricultural pollution of the river-netted plain areas in the Taihu lake basin:A case study of Changzhou and Yixing[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment.2014,30(2):167-173
17黄威，聂耳，李纪华，等．宜兴畜禽粪便污染负荷时空变化研究[J]．家畜生态学报，2013,34(7):64-69Huang Wei,Nie Er,Li Jihua,et al.Temporal and spatial variation of fecal pollution load of livestock and poultry in Yixing[J].Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,2013,34(7):64-69
18范淼．宜兴市三犰水污染特征分析及Al/Ca/Fe复合型除磷吸附剂性能优化[D]．西安:西安建筑科技大学，2015Fan Miao.Analyzing of water pollution characteristic on Yixing and performance optimization of Al/Ca/Fe composite metallic oxides for phosphorus removal[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2015
19陈丽娜，吴俊锋，凌虹．基于水生态健康的太湖流域工业结构调控对策研究---以宜兴区域为例[J]．安徽农学通报，2018,24(2):56-59Chen Li'na,Wu Junfeng,Ling Hong.Research on the Industrial restructuring of Taihu basin based on aquatic ecosystem health:A case study in Yixing[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2018,24(2):56-59
2马建华，朱喜，胡明明，等．太湖蓝藻爆发现状及继续治理措施[J]．江苏水利，2017(3):21-27Ma Jianhua,Zhu Xi,Hu Mingming,et al.Current situation and countermeasures of blue-green algae outbreak in Taihu[J].Jiangsu Water Resources,2017(3):21-27
3晁爱敏，于海燕，周胜利，等．南太湖富营养化调查及评价[J]．环境污染与防治，2017,39(9):971-975Chao Aimin,Yu Haiyan,Zhou Shengli,et al.A survey and assessment of eutrophication in South Lake Tai[J].Environmental Pollution&Control,2017,39(9):971-975
4刘庄，李维新，张毅敏，等．太湖流域非点源污染负荷估算[J]．生态与农村环境学报，2010,26(增刊1):45-48Liu Zhuang,Li Weixin,Zhang Yimin,et al.Estimation of non-point source pollution load in Lake Tai Basin[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2010,26(S1):45-48
5牛勇．太湖入湖河流污染特征及面源污染负荷研究[D]．武汉:华中农业大学，2013Niu Yong.Study on inflow rivers pollution characteristics,estimation of non-point source pollution in lake Taihu watershed[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2013
6李家科，李亚娇，李怀恩．城市地表径流污染负荷计算方法研究[J]．水资源与水工程学报，2010,21(2):5-13Li Jiake,Li Yajiao,Li Huai'en.Study on the calculation method for urban surface runoff pollution load[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2010,21(2):5-13
7程红光，岳勇，杨胜天，等．黄河流域非点源污染负荷估算与分析[J]．环境科学学报，2006,26(3):384-391Cheng Hongguang,Yue Yong,Yang Shengtian,et al.An estimation and evaluation of non-point source(NPS)pollution in the Yellow River Basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006,26(3):384-391
8欧阳威，刘迎春，冷思文，等．近三十年非点源污染研究发展趋势分析[J]．农业环境科学学报，2018,37(10):2234-2241Ouyang Wei,Liu Yingchun,Leng Siwen,et al.An analysis of research trends about non-point source pollution over the last three decades[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(10):2234-2241
9朱元甡，金光炎．城市水文学[M]．北京:中国科学技术出版社，1991Zhu Yuanshen,Jin Guangyan.Urban hydrology[M].Beijing:Science and Technology of China Press,1991
10李怀恩．估算非点源污染负荷的平均浓度法及其应用[J]．环境科学学报，2000,20(4):397-400Li Huai'en.Mean concentration method for estimation of nonpoint source load and its application[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2000,20(4):397-400
11方红远，陈志春．城市降雨径流负荷计算的统计分析法[J]．环境科学与技术，2002,25(1):13-15Fang Hongyuan,Chen Zhichun.Statistical analysis for urban runoff pollutant loading[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2002,25(1):13-15
12施为光．成都市径流污染的概念性模型[J]．四川环境，1994,13(2):65-70Shi Weiguang.Conceptional model system of urban runoff in Chengdu[J].Sichuan Environment,1994,13(2):65-70
13宜兴市水利农机局．宜兴市水资源综合规划[A]．宜兴:宜兴市人民政府，2009Water Conservancy and Agricultural Machinery Bureau of Yixing.Yixing City water resources comprehensive planning[Z].Yixing:Yixing Municipal People's Government,2009
14潘云皓．西氿水源水突发污染应急预处理技术研究[D]．哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学，2015Pan Yunhao.Research on emergency pretreatment measures for sudden pollution incidents in Xi'jiu[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2015
15张红举，陈方．太湖流域面源污染现状及控制途径[J]．水资源保护，2010,26(3):87-90Zhang Hongju,Chen Fang.Non-point pollution statistics and control measures in Taihu basin[J].Water Resources Protection.2010,26(3):87-90
16李静，闵庆文，李文华，等．太湖流域平原河网区农业污染研究---以常州市和宜兴市为例[J]．生态与农村环境学报，2014,30(2):167-173Li Jing,Min Qingwen,Li Wenhua,et al.Agricultural pollution of the river-netted plain areas in the Taihu lake basin:A case study of Changzhou and Yixing[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment.2014,30(2):167-173
17黄威，聂耳，李纪华，等．宜兴畜禽粪便污染负荷时空变化研究[J]．家畜生态学报，2013,34(7):64-69Huang Wei,Nie Er,Li Jihua,et al.Temporal and spatial variation of fecal pollution load of livestock and poultry in Yixing[J].Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,2013,34(7):64-69
18范淼．宜兴市三犰水污染特征分析及Al/Ca/Fe复合型除磷吸附剂性能优化[D]．西安:西安建筑科技大学，2015Fan Miao.Analyzing of water pollution characteristic on Yixing and performance optimization of Al/Ca/Fe composite metallic oxides for phosphorus removal[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2015
19陈丽娜，吴俊锋，凌虹．基于水生态健康的太湖流域工业结构调控对策研究---以宜兴区域为例[J]．安徽农学通报，2018,24(2):56-59Chen Li'na,Wu Junfeng,Ling Hong.Research on the Industrial restructuring of Taihu basin based on aquatic ecosystem health:A case study in Yixing[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2018,24(2):56-59
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