基于参考台的盲源分离法在抑制地磁场近场噪音中的应用研究
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摘要
随着城市建设的不断发展,地磁场观测受到的人文干扰越来越严重.汽车、地铁、高铁等产生的近场噪音造成了地磁脉动等空间场源信号难以被精确观测,严重影响了地磁观测资料的实际使用价值.因此抑制这些近场噪音、提取空间场源信号具有科学意义和应用价值.本研究将远场参考法和盲源信号分离法相结合,提出了一种能有效分离空间场源信号和近场噪音的方法.首先,基于仿真分析,我们准确分离了不同特征的源信号,阐明了此方法的有效性.然后,我们将该方法应用于日本千叶地区受电车干扰较为严重的实际磁场观测数据,并选用数据质量较高的KAK国际基准台作为远场参考,实现了地磁脉动和电车干扰信号的分离,并在此基础上对观测台站的近场噪音进行了抑制.这些结果表明基于参考台的盲源信号分离法在抑制近场噪音、提取地磁场信号中是有效的,可能在电磁法勘探中具有潜在的应用价值.
Along with the development of urban constructions,artificial disturbances in geomagnetic observations are becoming more and more tremendous.The near-field noises produced by human activities such as vehicles,subway and high-speed railways make it difficult to precisely measuregeomagnetic pulsations on the ground,thus reducing the practical application value of geomagnetic data.Therefore,suppressing near-field noises has scientific significance and application value.In this study,by combining remote reference and blind source separation analysis methods,we proposed a new signal processing approach which is able to separate geomagnetic pulsation from near-field noise.First,we demonstrated the effectiveness of the new approach by separating signals of different sources in the simulation analysis.Then,we applied this method to geomagnetic field data observed in Chiba,Japan where DC-driven train noises were intense.The results showed that geomagnetic pulsations and train noises are separated clearly,and near-field train noise could be reduced effectively on that basis.It is concluded that the reference-based blind source separation analysis is useful in extracting geomagnetic pulsations and suppressing near-field noises,and may have potential application value in electromagnetic exploration.
Along with the development of urban constructions,artificial disturbances in geomagnetic observations are becoming more and more tremendous.The near-field noises produced by human activities such as vehicles,subway and high-speed railways make it difficult to precisely measuregeomagnetic pulsations on the ground,thus reducing the practical application value of geomagnetic data.Therefore,suppressing near-field noises has scientific significance and application value.In this study,by combining remote reference and blind source separation analysis methods,we proposed a new signal processing approach which is able to separate geomagnetic pulsation from near-field noise.First,we demonstrated the effectiveness of the new approach by separating signals of different sources in the simulation analysis.Then,we applied this method to geomagnetic field data observed in Chiba,Japan where DC-driven train noises were intense.The results showed that geomagnetic pulsations and train noises are separated clearly,and near-field train noise could be reduced effectively on that basis.It is concluded that the reference-based blind source separation analysis is useful in extracting geomagnetic pulsations and suppressing near-field noises,and may have potential application value in electromagnetic exploration.
引文
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Saito S,Kaida D,Hattori K,et al.2011.Signal discrimination of ULF electromagnetic data with using singular spectrum analysis-an attempt to detect train noise.Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,11(7):1863-1874.
Saito S,Hattori K,Kaida D,et al.2013.Detection and reduction of precipitation effects in geoelectrical potential difference data.Electrical Engineering in Japan,182(3):1-8,doi:10.1002/eej.22301.
Snoussi H,Khanna S,Hewson D,et al.2007.Number of sources uncertainty in blind source separation.Application to EMGsignal processing.∥29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society..Lyon,France:IEEE,2007:6515-6518.
Su Y P,He Liang,Yang R Z,et al.2002.An improved higher order cumulants based blind speech separation method.Acta Electronica Sinica(in Chinese),30(7):956-958.
Takahashi I,Hattori K,Harada M,et al.2007.Anomalous geoelectrical and geomagnetic signals observed at southern Boso Peninsula,Japan.Annals Geophysics,50(1):123-135.
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Wang Q,Huang Q H.2016.The spatio-temporal characteristics of geomagnetic induction vectors in North China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(1):215-228,doi:10.6038/cjg20160118.
Wang W M,He W.2018.Application of wavelet analysis and mathematical morphology fusion algorithm to de-noising geomagnetic signal.Digital Technology&Application(in Chinese),36(2):122-124.
Xie F.2009.A study on reducing man-made electromagnetic noise in geomagnetic field observation[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration.
Xie F,Teng Y T,Xu P.2011.Removal of EM interference generated by urban railway transit from geomagnetic observation by ICAmethod.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),26(5):1824-1831,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.05.039.
Xu G J,Han P,Huang Q H,et al.2013.Anomalous behaviors of geomagnetic diurnal variations prior to the 2011off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake(MW9.0).Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,77:59-65,doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.08.011.
Xu W Y.2003.Geomagnetism(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press.
Xu W Y,Kamide Y.2004.Decomposition of daily geomagnetic variations by using method of natural orthogonal component.Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,109(A5):A05218,doi:10.1029/2003JA010216.
Yamazaki Y,Yumoto K,Uozumi T,et al.2009.Equivalent current systems for the annual and semiannual Sq variations observed along the 210 MM CPMN stations.Journal of Geophysical Research,114(A12):A12320,doi:10.1029/2009JA014638.
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Ding J H,Lu Z Y,Yu S R.2011.A Brief Treatise on Seismomagnetism(in Chinese).Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press.
Egbert G D.1997.Robust multiple-station magnetotelluric data processing.Geophysical Journal International,130(2):475-496.
Gu Z W,Chen B,Gao J T,et al.2009.Research of geomagnetic spatial-temporal variations in China by the NOC method.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(10):2602-2612,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.10.020.
Han P,Huang Q H,Xiu J G.2009.Principal component analysis of geomagnetic diurnal variation associated with earthquakes:case study of the M6.1Iwate-ken Nairiku Hokubu earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(6):1556-1563,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.06.017.
Han P,Hattori K,Huang Q,et al.2011.Evaluation of ULFelectromagnetic phenomena associated with the 2000Izu islands earthquake swarm by wavelet transform analysis.Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,11(3):965-970,doi:10.5194/nhess-11-965-2011.
Han P,Hattori K,Hirokawa M,et al.2014.Statistical analysis of ULF seismo-magnetic phenomena at Kakioka,Japan,during2001-2010.Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,119(6):4998-5011,doi:10.1002/2014JA019789.
Han P,Hattori K,Xu G J,et al.2015.Further investigations of geomagnetic diurnal variations associated with the 2011off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake(MW9.0).Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,114:321-326,doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.02.022.
Han P,Hattori K,Huang Q H,et al.2016.Spatiotemporal characteristics of the geomagnetic diurnal variation anomalies prior to the 2011Tohoku earthquake(MW9.0)and the possible coupling of multiple pre-earthquake phenomena.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,129:13-21,doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.07.011.
Han P,Hattori K,Zhuang J C,et al.2017.Evaluation of ULFseismo-magnetic phenomena in Kakioka,Japan by using Molchan's error diagram.Geophysical Journal International,208(1):482-490,doi:10.1093/gji/ggw404.
Harada M,Hattori K,Isezaki N.2004.Transfer function approach to signal discrimination of ULF geomagnetic data.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Parts A/B/C,29(4-9):409-417.
Hattori K,Takahashi I,Yoshino C,et al.2004.ULF geomagnetic field measurements in Japan and some recent results associated with Iwateken Nairiku Hokubu Earthquake in 1998.Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Parts A/B/C,29(4-9):481-494.
Hattori K,Han P,Huang Q H.2013a.Global variation of ULFgeomagnetic fields and detection of anomalous changes at a certain observatory using reference data.Electrical Engineering in Japan,182(3):9-18,doi:10.1002/eej.22299.
Hattori K,Han P,Yoshino C,et al.2013b.Investigation of ULFseismo-magnetic phenomena in Kanto,Japan during 2000-2010:case studies and statistical studies.Surveys in Geophysics,34(3):293-316,doi:10.1007/s10712-012-9215-x.
Hattori K,Han P.2018.Statistical analysis and assessment of ultralow frequency magnetic signals in Japan as potential earthquake precursors.∥Ouzounov D,Pulinets S,Hattori K,et al.eds.Pre-Earthquake Processes.Geophysical Monograph Series,doi:10.1002/9781119156949.ch13.
Herault J,Jutten C.1986.Space or time adaptive signal processing by neural network models.AIP Conference Proceedings,151(1):206-211,doi:10.1063/1.36258.
Huang Q H.2011.Retrospective investigation of geophysical data possibly associated with the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,41(4-5):421-427.
Hyvarinen A.1999.Fast and robust fixed-point algorithms for independent component analysis.IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks,10(3):626-634,doi:10.1109/72.761722.
Jia R S,Zhao T B,Sun H M,et al.2015.Micro-seismic signal denoising method based on empirical mode decomposition and independent component analysis.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(3):1013-1023,doi:10.6038/cjg20150326.
Jung T P,Makeig S,Humphries C,et al.2000.Removing electroencephalographic artifacts by blind source separation.Psychophysiology,37(2):163-178.
Jutten C,Herault J.1991.Blind separation of sources,Part I:An adaptive algorithm based on neuromimetic architecture.Signal Processing,24(1):1-10,doi:10.1016/0165-1684(91)90079-X.
Larsen J C,Mackie R L,Manzella A,et al.1996.Robust smooth magnetotelluric transfer functions.Geophysical Journal International,124(3):801-819.
Ling Z B,Wang P Y,Wan Y X,et al.2016.A combined wavelet transform algorithm used for de-noising magnetotellurics data in the strong human noise.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(9):3436-3447,doi:10.6038/cjg20160926.
Liu J X,Tong X Z,Guo R W,et al.2012.Magnetotelluric Sounding Exploration:Data Processing,Inversion and Interpretation(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press.
Saito S,Kaida D,Hattori K,et al.2011.Signal discrimination of ULF electromagnetic data with using singular spectrum analysis-an attempt to detect train noise.Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,11(7):1863-1874.
Saito S,Hattori K,Kaida D,et al.2013.Detection and reduction of precipitation effects in geoelectrical potential difference data.Electrical Engineering in Japan,182(3):1-8,doi:10.1002/eej.22301.
Snoussi H,Khanna S,Hewson D,et al.2007.Number of sources uncertainty in blind source separation.Application to EMGsignal processing.∥29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society..Lyon,France:IEEE,2007:6515-6518.
Su Y P,He Liang,Yang R Z,et al.2002.An improved higher order cumulants based blind speech separation method.Acta Electronica Sinica(in Chinese),30(7):956-958.
Takahashi I,Hattori K,Harada M,et al.2007.Anomalous geoelectrical and geomagnetic signals observed at southern Boso Peninsula,Japan.Annals Geophysics,50(1):123-135.
Tang J,Wang J J,Chen X B,et al.2005.Preliminary investigation on electricity structure of the crust and upper mantle in Arxan volcanic area.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),48(1):196-202.
Tang J T,Hua X R,Cao Z M,et al.2008.Hilbert-Huang transformation and noise suppression of magnetotelluric sounding data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(2):603-610.
Tang J T,Li J,Xiao X,et al.2012.Mathematical morphology filtering and noise suppression of magnetotelluric sounding data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(5):1784-1793,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.05.036.
Wang Q,Huang Q H.2016.The spatio-temporal characteristics of geomagnetic induction vectors in North China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(1):215-228,doi:10.6038/cjg20160118.
Wang W M,He W.2018.Application of wavelet analysis and mathematical morphology fusion algorithm to de-noising geomagnetic signal.Digital Technology&Application(in Chinese),36(2):122-124.
Xie F.2009.A study on reducing man-made electromagnetic noise in geomagnetic field observation[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration.
Xie F,Teng Y T,Xu P.2011.Removal of EM interference generated by urban railway transit from geomagnetic observation by ICAmethod.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),26(5):1824-1831,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.05.039.
Xu G J,Han P,Huang Q H,et al.2013.Anomalous behaviors of geomagnetic diurnal variations prior to the 2011off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake(MW9.0).Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,77:59-65,doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.08.011.
Xu W Y.2003.Geomagnetism(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press.
Xu W Y,Kamide Y.2004.Decomposition of daily geomagnetic variations by using method of natural orthogonal component.Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,109(A5):A05218,doi:10.1029/2003JA010216.
Yamazaki Y,Yumoto K,Uozumi T,et al.2009.Equivalent current systems for the annual and semiannual Sq variations observed along the 210 MM CPMN stations.Journal of Geophysical Research,114(A12):A12320,doi:10.1029/2009JA014638.
Yang F S,Hong B.2006.Principle and Application of Independent Component Analysis(in Chinese).Tsinghua:Tsinghua University Press.
Yuan G P,Wu Y Y,Zhang X M.2015.Relationship between the centric intensity of electric current in the external Sqequivalent current system and the solar activity.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(10):3457-3468,doi:10.6038/cjg20151002.
Zhang J H,Zhao G Z,Xiao Q B,et al.2010.Analysis of electric structure of the central Tan-Lu fault zone(Yi-Shu fault zone,36N)and seismogenic condition.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(3):605-611,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.03.014.
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