海相页岩综合层序地层划分及垂向分布特征——以川东南地区五峰组—龙马溪组为例
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摘要
为探讨海相页岩中层序边界的识别、层序划分以及垂向上的演变特征,并给页岩中标准化层序地层的研究以及页岩气的勘探开发提供参考,以川东南地区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组黑色富有机质海相页岩为例,综合利用野外剖面、岩芯、岩石薄片、古生物化石、测井、地球化学资料,结合层序地层学理论对海相页岩进行层序界面的识别和层序的划分。研究建立了以岩性界面直观反映物理特征,以测井反映地层叠加样式,以古生物笔石限定时间概念,以地球化学参数TH/U反映氧化还原环境和TOC反映有机质旋回性的海相页岩多参数层序边界识别方法;进而分析了垂向的层序发育特征以及连井层序特征,明确了五峰组—龙马溪组龙一段先后经历了三次较大规模的海侵—海退旋回,划分出3个三级层序和7个体系域;探讨了海退—海侵事件以及冰期气候对相对海平面升降的控制作用,建立了在冰期气候、古陆抬升、上升洋流以及浊流等影响因素下以体系域为单元海侵—海退的海相页岩垂向层序演化模式;体系域SQ1-TST、SQ2-TST以及SQ2-EHST为有机质富集的重点层位,SQ3-TST为次一级的有机质富集层位。
In order to explore the identification of the sequence boundary, sequence division, and vertical evolution characteristics of marine shales, and to provide a reference for the study of standardized sequence stratigraphy in shale, as well as the exploration and development of shale gas, we take the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation marine black shale, which has rich organic matter in southeastern Sichuan Basin, as an example, The comprehensive utilization of the wild section, rock cores and petrographic thin sections, palaeontology graptolites, logging, and geochemical data is carried out. Based on sequence stratigraphy, the marine shale sequence interface recognition and the sequence of the division are investigated. The study established a sequence boundary recognition method for Marine shales with a lithologic interface to reflect the physical characteristics intuitively, with logging to reflect stratigraphic superposition patterns with the concept of limited time of paleograptolite and using geochemical parameter TH/U to the reflect sedimentary environment, where total organic carbon(TOC), TH, U, and K reflect the stratigraphic rotation. Then, the vertical sequence development characteristics and the sequence characteristics of the connecting well are analyzed, and it is clear that the Wufeng Formation-the first section of the Longmaxi Formation experienced three large-scale transgressive-regressive cycles, and three tertiary sequences and seven system tracts are divided. This paper discusses the control effect of the recession-transgression events and glacial climate on relative sea level. In the end, the sequence evolution model of marine transgression is proposed, which is influenced by glacial climate, tectonic uplift, rising ocean currents, and turbidity currents. These system tracts SQ1-TST, SQ2-TST, and SQ2-EHST are the key layers of organic matter enrichment, and SQ3-TST is the secondary organic matter enrichment stratum.
In order to explore the identification of the sequence boundary, sequence division, and vertical evolution characteristics of marine shales, and to provide a reference for the study of standardized sequence stratigraphy in shale, as well as the exploration and development of shale gas, we take the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation marine black shale, which has rich organic matter in southeastern Sichuan Basin, as an example, The comprehensive utilization of the wild section, rock cores and petrographic thin sections, palaeontology graptolites, logging, and geochemical data is carried out. Based on sequence stratigraphy, the marine shale sequence interface recognition and the sequence of the division are investigated. The study established a sequence boundary recognition method for Marine shales with a lithologic interface to reflect the physical characteristics intuitively, with logging to reflect stratigraphic superposition patterns with the concept of limited time of paleograptolite and using geochemical parameter TH/U to the reflect sedimentary environment, where total organic carbon(TOC), TH, U, and K reflect the stratigraphic rotation. Then, the vertical sequence development characteristics and the sequence characteristics of the connecting well are analyzed, and it is clear that the Wufeng Formation-the first section of the Longmaxi Formation experienced three large-scale transgressive-regressive cycles, and three tertiary sequences and seven system tracts are divided. This paper discusses the control effect of the recession-transgression events and glacial climate on relative sea level. In the end, the sequence evolution model of marine transgression is proposed, which is influenced by glacial climate, tectonic uplift, rising ocean currents, and turbidity currents. These system tracts SQ1-TST, SQ2-TST, and SQ2-EHST are the key layers of organic matter enrichment, and SQ3-TST is the secondary organic matter enrichment stratum.
引文
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[23] 魏琳,许文国,杨仓,等. 页岩层序划分的界面沉积标志及地球化学指示[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2017,38(3):524-533. [Wei Lin, Xu Wenguo, Yang Cang, et al. Sedimentary boundary markers and geochemical indexes of shale sequence stratigraphy[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(3): 524-533.]
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[2] Wang G C, Carr T R. Methodology of organic-rich shale lithofacies identification and prediction: A case study from Marcellus Shale in the Appalachian basin[J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2012, 49: 151-163.
[3] Turner B W, Molinares-Blanco C E, Slatt R M. Chemostratigraphic, palynostratigraphic, and sequence stratigraphic analysis of the Woodford Shale, Wyche Farm Quarry, Pontotoc County, Oklahoma[J]. Interpretation, 2015, 3(1): SH1-SH9.
[4] Schieber J, Zimmerle W. The history and promise of shale research[M]//Schieber J, Zimmerle W, Sethi P. Shales and mudstones: Vol.1: Basin studies, Sedimentology and paleontology. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart Science Publishers, 1998: 1-10.
[5] Aplin A C, Macquaker J H S. Mudstone diversity: Origin and implications for source, seal, and reservoir properties in petroleum systems[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2011, 95(12): 2031-2059.
[6] 姜在兴,梁超,吴靖,等. 含油气细粒沉积岩研究的几个问题[J]. 石油学报,2013,34(6):1031-1039. [Jiang Zaixing, Liang Chao, Wu Jing, et al. Several issues in sedimentological studies on hydrocarbon-bearing fine-grained sedimentary rocks[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(6): 1031-1039.]
[7] 姜在兴. 层序地层学研究进展:国际层序地层学研讨会综述[J]. 地学前缘,2012,19(1):1-9. [Jiang Zaixing. Advances in sequence stratigraphy: A summary from international workshop on sequence stratigraphy[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2012, 19(1): 1-9.]
[8] Hammes U, Frébourg G. Haynesville and Bossier mudrocks: A facies and sequence stratigraphic investigation, East Texas and Louisiana, USA[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2012, 31(1): 8-26.
[9] Catuneanu O, Zecchin M. High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of clastic shelves II: Controls on sequence development[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2013, 39(1): 26-38.
[10] 王玉满,董大忠,李新景,等. 四川盆地及其周缘下志留统龙马溪组层序与沉积特征[J]. 天然气工业,2015,35(3):12-21. [Wang Yuman, Dong Dazhong, Li Xinjing, et al. Stratigraphic sequence and sedimentary characteristics of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its peripheral areas[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2015, 35(3): 12-21.]
[11] 贾承造,刘德来,赵文智,等. 层序地层学研究新进展[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2012,29(5):1-4. [Jia Chengzao, Liu Delai, Zhao Wenzhi, et al. Some new achievements in sequence stratigraphy research[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2012, 29(5): 1-4.]
[12] 李一凡,樊太亮,高志前,等. 渝东南地区志留系黑色页岩层序地层研究[J]. 天然气地球科学,2012,23(2):299-306. [Li Yifan, Fan Tailiang, Gao Zhiqian, et al. Sequence stratigraphy of silurian black shale and its distribution in the southeast area of Chongqing[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2012, 23(2): 299-306.]
[13] 王同,杨克明,熊亮,等. 川南地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩层序地层及其对储层的控制[J]. 石油学报,2015,36(8):915-925. [Wang Tong, Yang Keming, Xiong Liang, et al. Shale sequence stratigraphy of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan and their control on reservoirs[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(8): 915-925.]
[14] 郭旭升. 上扬子地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩层序地层及演化模式[J]. 地球科学,2017,42(7):1069-1082. [Guo Xusheng. Sequence stratigraphy and evolution model of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in the Upper Yangtze area[J]. Earth Science, 2017, 42(7): 1069-1082.]
[15] 张靖宇,陆永潮,付孝悦,等. 四川盆地涪陵地区五峰组—龙马溪组一段层序格架与沉积演化[J]. 地质科技情报,2017,36(4):65-72. [Zhang Jingyu, Lu Yongchao, Fu Xiaoyue, et al. Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary evolution of the Wufeng Formation-the 1st member of Longmaxi Formation in Fuling area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2017, 36(4): 65-72.]
[16] Chen L, Lu Y C, Jiang S, et al. Heterogeneity of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi marine shale in the southeast Sichuan Basin of China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2015, 65: 232-246.
[17] Chen X, Zhang Y D, Fan J X, et al. Ordovician graptolite-bearing strata in Southern Jiangxi with a special reference to the kwangsian orogeny[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2010, 53(11): 1602-1610.
[18] Vail P R, Audemard,F, Bowman S A, et al. The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics, eustasy and sedimentology-An overview[M]. Ricken G,Seilacher W A. Cycles and events in stratigraphy Einsele. Berlin: Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1991: 617-659.
[19] 陈旭,樊隽轩,张元动,等. 五峰组及龙马溪组黑色页岩在扬子覆盖区内的划分与圈定[J]. 地层学杂志,2015,29(4):351-358. [Chen Xu, Fan Junxuan, Zhang Yuandong, et al. Subdivision and delineation of the Wufeng and Lungmachi black shales in the subsurface areas of the Yangtze platform[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2015, 29(4): 351-358.]
[20] 陈旭,樊隽轩,陈清. 重庆焦页1井、丁页1井五峰组和龙马溪组黑色页岩地层的划分与对比[R]. 南京:中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,2014:1-26.(中石化内部资料) [Chen Xu, Fan Junxuan, Chen Qing. Division and comparison of the black shale formations in the Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation in the Jaoye-1 and Dingye-1 Wells of Chongqing [R]. Nanjing: Nanjing institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2014: 1-26.]
[21] 吴靖,姜在兴,吴明昊. 细粒岩层序地层学研究方法综述[J]. 地质科技情报,2015,34(5):16-20. [Wu Jing, Jiang Zaixing, Wu Minghao. Summary of research methods about the sequence stratigraphy of the fine-grained rocks[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2015, 34(5): 16-20.]
[22] 赵亮东,郭荣涛. 层序级别划分的两种途径:具有重要科学意义的难题[J]. 西北地质,2011,44(2):8-14. [Zhao Liangdong, Guo Rongtao. Two kinds of sequence hierarchy classification systems: A difficult problem with scientific significance[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2011, 44(2): 8-14.]
[23] 魏琳,许文国,杨仓,等. 页岩层序划分的界面沉积标志及地球化学指示[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2017,38(3):524-533. [Wei Lin, Xu Wenguo, Yang Cang, et al. Sedimentary boundary markers and geochemical indexes of shale sequence stratigraphy[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(3): 524-533.]
[24] Read J F, Goldhammer R K. Use of Fischer plots to define third-order sea-level curves in Ordovician peritidal cyclic carbonates, Appalachians[J]. Geology, 1988, 16(10): 859-899.
[25] 殷鸿福,童金南. 层序地层界面与年代地层界线的关系[J]. 科学通报,1995,40(6):539-541. [Yin Hongfu, Tong Jinnan. Relationship between sequence stratigraphic interface and chronological stratigraphic boundary[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1995, 40(6): 539-541.]
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