卡林型金矿碳质物特征及其去碳方法研究现状
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摘要
卡林型金矿为一种含碳含砷微细浸染型金矿。金矿中的碳物质由无机碳和有机碳组成,除碳酸盐矿物外,无机碳多为元素碳,而有机碳则主要由腐植物和烃类物质组成。研究结果表明,碳质物在氰化提金过程中会产生劫金效应,造成金浸出率下降。重点阐述卡林型金矿中碳质物特征及其劫金机理,对金矿中碳质物的去碳方法进行归纳与总结,分析现有方法的原理、特点和优缺点,并提出卡林型金矿研究的方向。
Carlin-type gold ore is a typical carbonaceous and arsenic-containing gold deposit.Carbonaceous matter in gold ore is mainly composed of inorganic carbon and organic carbon.Except for carbonate minerals,inorganic carbon is mostly elemental carbon,while organic carbon mainly contains humic substance and hydrocarbon.The previous research results indicate that carbonaceous matters generate serious preg-robbing effect on gold extraction by cyanidation,resulting in drop of gold leaching rate.Composition characteristic of carbonaceous matter in Carlin-type gold deposits and mechanism of prerobbing are described.Decarbonization methods of carbonaceous matter in gold ore are summarized.Principles,characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of existing pretreatment methods are analyzed.Prospect for future research of Carlin-type gold deposit is put forward.
Carlin-type gold ore is a typical carbonaceous and arsenic-containing gold deposit.Carbonaceous matter in gold ore is mainly composed of inorganic carbon and organic carbon.Except for carbonate minerals,inorganic carbon is mostly elemental carbon,while organic carbon mainly contains humic substance and hydrocarbon.The previous research results indicate that carbonaceous matters generate serious preg-robbing effect on gold extraction by cyanidation,resulting in drop of gold leaching rate.Composition characteristic of carbonaceous matter in Carlin-type gold deposits and mechanism of prerobbing are described.Decarbonization methods of carbonaceous matter in gold ore are summarized.Principles,characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of existing pretreatment methods are analyzed.Prospect for future research of Carlin-type gold deposit is put forward.
引文
[1]罗文杰,杨洪英.卡林型金矿中腐殖酸的提取及测定[J].矿产综合利用,2015(4):46-48.
[2]杨玮.复杂难处理金精矿提取及综合回收的基础研究与应用[D].长沙:中南大学,2011.
[3]YANG H Y,LIU Q,SONG X L,et al.Research status of carbonaceous matter in carbonaceous gold ores and biooxidation pretreatment[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2013,23(11):3405-3411.
[4]方兆珩.碳质金矿的矿物特征和提金工艺[J].黄金科学技术,2003,11(6):28-35.
[5]李俊萌.难处理金矿石预处理工艺及其选择[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2002(5):16-23,11.
[6]盛艳玲,陈丽红,张强,等.某含碳难处理金矿石焙烧-氰化试验研究[J].黄金,2007,28(1):43-45.
[7]邢志军,高金昌,刘鹏,等.镇沅金矿石中碳质物的谱学表征及生物氧化性能的研究分析[J].黄金,2015,36(1):46-49.
[8]TAN H,FENG D,LUKEY G C,et al.The behaviour of carbonaceous matter in cyanide leaching of gold[J].Hydrometallurgy,2005,78(3):226-235.
[9]ABOTSI G M K,OSSEOASARE K.Surface chemistry of carbonaceous gold ores I.Characterization of the carbonaceous matter and adsorption behavior in aurocyanide solution[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,1986,18(3):217-236.
[10]AFENYA P M.Treatment of carbonaceous refractory gold ores[J].Minerals Engineering,1991,4(7):1043-1055.
[11]RADTKE A S.Geology of the Carlin Gold Deposit,Nevada[M].American Geological Institute,1985:1-124.
[12]罗文杰,杨洪英.不同卡林型金矿中碳质物组成及对比分析[J].矿产综合利用,2015(3):52-54.
[13]刘倩.黄孢原毛平革菌对卡林型金矿中碳质物和硫化物矿物预处理研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2016.
[14]黄金凤,赵义龙,赵金香,等.腐植酸的提取及其成分含量测定[J].四川畜牧兽医,2007,34(5):27-28.
[15]HELM M,VAUGHAN J,STAUTON W P,et al.An investigation of the carbonaceous component of pregrobbing gold ores[C]//World Gold Conference 2009.The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2009:139-144.
[16]刘亚子,高占启.腐殖质提取与表征研究进展[J].环境科技,2011,24(增刊1):76-80.
[17]KATSUMATA H,SADA M,KANECO S,et al.Humic acid degradation in aqueous solution by the photoFenton process[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2008,137(2):225-230.
[18]王恩德,关广岳.腐殖酸在金矿形成过程中的作用[J].黄金,1992,13(7):1-4.
[19]HARGITAI L.Biochemical transformation of humic substances during humification related to their environmental functions[J].Environment International,1994,20(1):43-48.
[20]ZHEREBKE A Y,KOSTYUKEVICH Y I,KONONI KHINA S,等.利用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法测定腐植酸分子组成[J].腐植酸,2018(5):47.
[21]刘新超,李俊,谢丽,等.腐殖酸表征方法研究进展[J].净水技术,2009,28(3):6-9,22.
[22]姚丽晶,张晋京,窦森.几种胡敏酸和富里酸分子结构模型的三维可视化与特性研究[J].土壤通报,2008,39(1):57-61.
[23]卢静,朱琨,侯彬,等.腐植酸与土壤中重金属离子的作用机理研究概况[J].腐植酸,2006(5):1-5.
[24]吴敏杰,白春根.碳质金矿中碳质物的物质组成及其与金的相互作用[J].黄金,1994,15(6):29-35.
[25]PYKE B L,JOHNSTON R F,BROOKS P.The characterization and behaviour of carbonaceous material in a refractory gold bearing ore[J].Minerals Engineering,1999,12(8):851-862.
[26]STENEBRATEN J F,JOHNSON W P,MCMULLEN J.Characterization of Goldstrike ore carbonaceous material-Part 2:Physical characteristics[J].Minerals and Metallurgical Processing,2000,17(1):7-15.
[27]ADAMS M D.The mechanism of adsorption of aurocyanide onto activated carbon,1.Relation between the effects of oxygen and ionic strength[J].Hydrometallurgy,1990,25(2):171-184.
[28]吴敏杰,白春根.碳质金矿的氯化预处理[J].黄金科学技术,1994,2(1):34-39.
[29]TSUCHIDA N,MUIR D M.Studies on role of oxygen in the adsorption of Au(CN)2-and Ag(CN)2-onto activated carbon[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,1986,17(3):529-533.
[30]NICOL M J,谢春生.活性炭吸附氰化金的研究(Ⅲ)吸附速率和平衡容量的影响因素[J].黄金,1986,7(4):24-31.
[31]MCDOUGALL G J,ADAMS M D,HANCOCK R D.Models for the adsorption of aurocyanide onto activated carbon.Part I:Solvent extraction of aurocyanide ion pairs by 1-pentanol[J].Hydrometallurgy,1987,18(2):125-138.
[32]LAGERGE S,ZAJAC J,PARTYKA S,et al.Comparative study on the adsorption of cyanide gold complexes onto different carbonaceous samples:Measurement of the reversibility of the process and assessment of the active surface inferred by flow microcalorimetry[J].Journal of Luoyang Institute of Science&Technology,1999,15(14):4803-4811.
[33]MILLER J D,WAN R Y,DíAZ X.Preg-robbing gold ores[J].Developments in Mineral Processing,2015,15:937-972.
[34]乔江晖,宋翔宇,李翠芬,等.某碳质氧化金矿矿石性质及可选性试验研究[J].矿冶工程,2010,30(5):49-51.
[35]俞海平,刘菁.难处理金矿石浸出工艺研究现状[J].广州化工,2011,39(17):25-27.
[36]周丽,文书明,李华伟.难浸金矿预处理技术及其应用[J].国外金属矿选矿,2004,33(3):11-14.
[37]袁朝新,王云.含砷、锑、碳难处理金精矿焙烧氰化提金工艺研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2003(3):32-34.
[38]江国红,欧阳伦熬,张艳敏.含砷硫高碳卡淋型金矿石焙烧-氰化浸金工艺试验研究[J].湿法冶金,2003,22(3):129-132.
[39]金钦汉,戴树珊,黄卡玛.微波化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:316-317.
[40]薛光,于永江,邬旭然,等.微波加热技术在贵金属分析中的应用[J].黄金科学技术,2012,20(4):85-89.
[41]NANTHAKUMAR B,PICKLES C A,KELEBEK S.Microwave pretreatment of a double refractory gold ore[J].Minerals Engineering,2007,20(11):1109-1119.
[42]魏明安,张锐敏.微波处理难浸微细粒包裹金的试验研究[J].矿冶,2001,10(1):74-77.
[43]殷书岩,杨洪英.有色金属冶金难处理金矿加压氧化预处理技术及发展[J].贵金属,2008,29(1):5-5.
[44]徐忠敏,翁占平,国洪柱.复杂难处理金精矿加压氧化预处理工艺试验研究[J].黄金,2017,38(2):54-57.
[45]王在谦,唐云,张覃,等.微细粒碳质金矿碱性热压预处理脱碳试验研究[J].黄金,2014,35(3):52-55.
[46]许晓阳,熊明,蔡创开.某碳质金矿石加压预氧化-氰化工艺研究[J].黄金,2017,38(11):53-56,70.
[47]朱长亮,杨洪英,汤兴光,等.含砷难处理金矿的细菌氧化预处理研究现状[J].贵金属,2010,31(1):48-52.
[48]李俊萌.难处理金矿石预处理工艺现状与发展[J].湿法冶金,2003,22(1):1-8.
[49]杨凤,徐祥彬,赵俊蔚,等.含碳高砷型难浸金精矿细菌氧化试验研究[J].黄金,2003,24(4):37-39.
[50]罗文杰,杨洪英,丘学民,等.碳质卡林型金矿细菌氧化-氰化浸出研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(11):1579-1582.
[51]杨振兴.难处理金矿石选冶技术现状及发展方向[J].黄金,2002,23(7):31-35.
[52]张作金,王倩倩,代淑娟.碳质金矿预处理技术研究进展[J].矿产保护与利用,2017(5):99-104.
[53]方兆珩.碳质微细粒浸染型金矿的直接氯化浸出工艺[J].黄金科学技术,,2002,10(2):29-34.
[54]孙留根,袁朝新,王云,等.难处理金矿提金的现状及发展趋势[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2015(4):38-43.
[55]REES K L,VAN DEVENTER J S J.Preg-robbing phenomena in the cyanidation of sulphide gold ores[J].Hydrometallurgy,2000,58(1):61-80.
[2]杨玮.复杂难处理金精矿提取及综合回收的基础研究与应用[D].长沙:中南大学,2011.
[3]YANG H Y,LIU Q,SONG X L,et al.Research status of carbonaceous matter in carbonaceous gold ores and biooxidation pretreatment[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2013,23(11):3405-3411.
[4]方兆珩.碳质金矿的矿物特征和提金工艺[J].黄金科学技术,2003,11(6):28-35.
[5]李俊萌.难处理金矿石预处理工艺及其选择[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2002(5):16-23,11.
[6]盛艳玲,陈丽红,张强,等.某含碳难处理金矿石焙烧-氰化试验研究[J].黄金,2007,28(1):43-45.
[7]邢志军,高金昌,刘鹏,等.镇沅金矿石中碳质物的谱学表征及生物氧化性能的研究分析[J].黄金,2015,36(1):46-49.
[8]TAN H,FENG D,LUKEY G C,et al.The behaviour of carbonaceous matter in cyanide leaching of gold[J].Hydrometallurgy,2005,78(3):226-235.
[9]ABOTSI G M K,OSSEOASARE K.Surface chemistry of carbonaceous gold ores I.Characterization of the carbonaceous matter and adsorption behavior in aurocyanide solution[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,1986,18(3):217-236.
[10]AFENYA P M.Treatment of carbonaceous refractory gold ores[J].Minerals Engineering,1991,4(7):1043-1055.
[11]RADTKE A S.Geology of the Carlin Gold Deposit,Nevada[M].American Geological Institute,1985:1-124.
[12]罗文杰,杨洪英.不同卡林型金矿中碳质物组成及对比分析[J].矿产综合利用,2015(3):52-54.
[13]刘倩.黄孢原毛平革菌对卡林型金矿中碳质物和硫化物矿物预处理研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2016.
[14]黄金凤,赵义龙,赵金香,等.腐植酸的提取及其成分含量测定[J].四川畜牧兽医,2007,34(5):27-28.
[15]HELM M,VAUGHAN J,STAUTON W P,et al.An investigation of the carbonaceous component of pregrobbing gold ores[C]//World Gold Conference 2009.The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2009:139-144.
[16]刘亚子,高占启.腐殖质提取与表征研究进展[J].环境科技,2011,24(增刊1):76-80.
[17]KATSUMATA H,SADA M,KANECO S,et al.Humic acid degradation in aqueous solution by the photoFenton process[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2008,137(2):225-230.
[18]王恩德,关广岳.腐殖酸在金矿形成过程中的作用[J].黄金,1992,13(7):1-4.
[19]HARGITAI L.Biochemical transformation of humic substances during humification related to their environmental functions[J].Environment International,1994,20(1):43-48.
[20]ZHEREBKE A Y,KOSTYUKEVICH Y I,KONONI KHINA S,等.利用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱法测定腐植酸分子组成[J].腐植酸,2018(5):47.
[21]刘新超,李俊,谢丽,等.腐殖酸表征方法研究进展[J].净水技术,2009,28(3):6-9,22.
[22]姚丽晶,张晋京,窦森.几种胡敏酸和富里酸分子结构模型的三维可视化与特性研究[J].土壤通报,2008,39(1):57-61.
[23]卢静,朱琨,侯彬,等.腐植酸与土壤中重金属离子的作用机理研究概况[J].腐植酸,2006(5):1-5.
[24]吴敏杰,白春根.碳质金矿中碳质物的物质组成及其与金的相互作用[J].黄金,1994,15(6):29-35.
[25]PYKE B L,JOHNSTON R F,BROOKS P.The characterization and behaviour of carbonaceous material in a refractory gold bearing ore[J].Minerals Engineering,1999,12(8):851-862.
[26]STENEBRATEN J F,JOHNSON W P,MCMULLEN J.Characterization of Goldstrike ore carbonaceous material-Part 2:Physical characteristics[J].Minerals and Metallurgical Processing,2000,17(1):7-15.
[27]ADAMS M D.The mechanism of adsorption of aurocyanide onto activated carbon,1.Relation between the effects of oxygen and ionic strength[J].Hydrometallurgy,1990,25(2):171-184.
[28]吴敏杰,白春根.碳质金矿的氯化预处理[J].黄金科学技术,1994,2(1):34-39.
[29]TSUCHIDA N,MUIR D M.Studies on role of oxygen in the adsorption of Au(CN)2-and Ag(CN)2-onto activated carbon[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,1986,17(3):529-533.
[30]NICOL M J,谢春生.活性炭吸附氰化金的研究(Ⅲ)吸附速率和平衡容量的影响因素[J].黄金,1986,7(4):24-31.
[31]MCDOUGALL G J,ADAMS M D,HANCOCK R D.Models for the adsorption of aurocyanide onto activated carbon.Part I:Solvent extraction of aurocyanide ion pairs by 1-pentanol[J].Hydrometallurgy,1987,18(2):125-138.
[32]LAGERGE S,ZAJAC J,PARTYKA S,et al.Comparative study on the adsorption of cyanide gold complexes onto different carbonaceous samples:Measurement of the reversibility of the process and assessment of the active surface inferred by flow microcalorimetry[J].Journal of Luoyang Institute of Science&Technology,1999,15(14):4803-4811.
[33]MILLER J D,WAN R Y,DíAZ X.Preg-robbing gold ores[J].Developments in Mineral Processing,2015,15:937-972.
[34]乔江晖,宋翔宇,李翠芬,等.某碳质氧化金矿矿石性质及可选性试验研究[J].矿冶工程,2010,30(5):49-51.
[35]俞海平,刘菁.难处理金矿石浸出工艺研究现状[J].广州化工,2011,39(17):25-27.
[36]周丽,文书明,李华伟.难浸金矿预处理技术及其应用[J].国外金属矿选矿,2004,33(3):11-14.
[37]袁朝新,王云.含砷、锑、碳难处理金精矿焙烧氰化提金工艺研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2003(3):32-34.
[38]江国红,欧阳伦熬,张艳敏.含砷硫高碳卡淋型金矿石焙烧-氰化浸金工艺试验研究[J].湿法冶金,2003,22(3):129-132.
[39]金钦汉,戴树珊,黄卡玛.微波化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:316-317.
[40]薛光,于永江,邬旭然,等.微波加热技术在贵金属分析中的应用[J].黄金科学技术,2012,20(4):85-89.
[41]NANTHAKUMAR B,PICKLES C A,KELEBEK S.Microwave pretreatment of a double refractory gold ore[J].Minerals Engineering,2007,20(11):1109-1119.
[42]魏明安,张锐敏.微波处理难浸微细粒包裹金的试验研究[J].矿冶,2001,10(1):74-77.
[43]殷书岩,杨洪英.有色金属冶金难处理金矿加压氧化预处理技术及发展[J].贵金属,2008,29(1):5-5.
[44]徐忠敏,翁占平,国洪柱.复杂难处理金精矿加压氧化预处理工艺试验研究[J].黄金,2017,38(2):54-57.
[45]王在谦,唐云,张覃,等.微细粒碳质金矿碱性热压预处理脱碳试验研究[J].黄金,2014,35(3):52-55.
[46]许晓阳,熊明,蔡创开.某碳质金矿石加压预氧化-氰化工艺研究[J].黄金,2017,38(11):53-56,70.
[47]朱长亮,杨洪英,汤兴光,等.含砷难处理金矿的细菌氧化预处理研究现状[J].贵金属,2010,31(1):48-52.
[48]李俊萌.难处理金矿石预处理工艺现状与发展[J].湿法冶金,2003,22(1):1-8.
[49]杨凤,徐祥彬,赵俊蔚,等.含碳高砷型难浸金精矿细菌氧化试验研究[J].黄金,2003,24(4):37-39.
[50]罗文杰,杨洪英,丘学民,等.碳质卡林型金矿细菌氧化-氰化浸出研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(11):1579-1582.
[51]杨振兴.难处理金矿石选冶技术现状及发展方向[J].黄金,2002,23(7):31-35.
[52]张作金,王倩倩,代淑娟.碳质金矿预处理技术研究进展[J].矿产保护与利用,2017(5):99-104.
[53]方兆珩.碳质微细粒浸染型金矿的直接氯化浸出工艺[J].黄金科学技术,,2002,10(2):29-34.
[54]孙留根,袁朝新,王云,等.难处理金矿提金的现状及发展趋势[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2015(4):38-43.
[55]REES K L,VAN DEVENTER J S J.Preg-robbing phenomena in the cyanidation of sulphide gold ores[J].Hydrometallurgy,2000,58(1):61-80.
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