北京地面沉降控制区划及防控措施
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摘要
地面沉降区划是地面沉降防控的基础性工作和措施制定的重要依据.目前北京区域平均地面沉降速率呈减缓趋势,但沉降中心年沉降速率依然较大.为实现地面沉降的全面有效控制,在综合比较地面沉降易发性分区、危险性分区和风险分区等区划评价指标和体系后,基于评价指标精简而典型、评价数据易获取、评价体系实用易操作的评价原则,建立了北京地面沉降控制分区的评价体系和分级标准.利用地面沉降发育程度分区和危害程度分区的GIS(Geographic Information System)叠加,将北京地面沉降区分为三级控制区,进行分区域差别化防控.一级控制区为地面沉降重点控制区,从城市规划、地下水管理、工程施工降水、地面沉降监测等方面提出了每一级控制区内的地面沉降防控措施,以期为政府的地面沉降防控决策提供技术支持.
The zoning map of land subsidence is the basis for its prevention and control. The main cause of land subsidence in China is excessive extraction of groundwater. The control zoning on land subsidence can not only help to devise targeted strategies,but also promote the optimal management of groundwater exploitation. At present,the annual average rate of regional land subsidence in Beijing is slowing down,but the annual rate is still faster at several subsidence centers. Based on comprehensively consideration of the evaluation indexes and methods of its susceptibility zoning,hazard zoning and risk zoning,the evaluation principle and method of land subsidence control zoning in Beijing are established. First,the development degree zoning and hazard degree zoning on land subsidence are prepared. Then,the control zoning map is received from the overlay of these two maps. Finally,the control area of land subsidence in Beijing is divided into three levels. The prevention and control measures in each level of land subsidence control area are formulated from the aspects of urban planning,groundwater management,construction precipitation and land subsidence monitoring. Level I Control Zone is a focus area which is subject to the most strenuous regulations. The results of this study could provide technical support for the government's decision-making on land subsidence prevention and control.
The zoning map of land subsidence is the basis for its prevention and control. The main cause of land subsidence in China is excessive extraction of groundwater. The control zoning on land subsidence can not only help to devise targeted strategies,but also promote the optimal management of groundwater exploitation. At present,the annual average rate of regional land subsidence in Beijing is slowing down,but the annual rate is still faster at several subsidence centers. Based on comprehensively consideration of the evaluation indexes and methods of its susceptibility zoning,hazard zoning and risk zoning,the evaluation principle and method of land subsidence control zoning in Beijing are established. First,the development degree zoning and hazard degree zoning on land subsidence are prepared. Then,the control zoning map is received from the overlay of these two maps. Finally,the control area of land subsidence in Beijing is divided into three levels. The prevention and control measures in each level of land subsidence control area are formulated from the aspects of urban planning,groundwater management,construction precipitation and land subsidence monitoring. Level I Control Zone is a focus area which is subject to the most strenuous regulations. The results of this study could provide technical support for the government's decision-making on land subsidence prevention and control.
引文
[1] 陈正松,罗志才,李琼.上海地区地面沉降原因分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(S1):90-94.(Chen Z S,Luo Z C,Li Q.Analysis of cause of land subsidence in Shanghai.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2009,29(S1):90-94.)
[2] 张落成,陈振光,吴楚材.苏南太湖流域地下水过度开采引起的地面沉降及其防治对策.湖泊科学,2003,15(3):257-262.(Zhang L C,Chen Z G,Wu C C.Land subsidence problem and its control in Taihu Basin of South Jiangsu Province due to overexploitation of underground water.Journal of Lake Sciences,2003,15(3):257-262.)
[3] 杨艳,贾三满,王海刚.北京平原区地面沉降现状及发展趋势分析.上海地质,2010,31(4):23-28.(Yang Y,Jia S M,Wang H G.The status and development of land subsidence in Beijing Plain.Shanghai Geology,2010,31(4):23-28.)
[4] 潘云,潘建刚,宫辉力等.天津市区地下水开采与地面沉降关系研究.地球与环境,2004,32(2):36-39.(Pan Y,Pan J G,Gong H L,et al.Research on the relation between groundwater exploitation and subsidence in Tianjin Proper.Earth and Environment,2004,32(2):36-39.)
[5] 郭海朋,丁国平,朱菊艳等.沧州地面沉降区粘土压缩变形和渗透特征研究.武汉理工大学学报,2014,36(5):111-117.(Guo H P,Ding G P,Zhu J Y,et al.Compression deformation and permeability characteriseics of clay in land subsidence area of Cangzhou.Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2014,36(5):111-117.)
[6] 杨欢,石坚.西安市地面沉降机理分析.地下水,2013,35(4):60-62.(Yang H,Shi J.Study on Mechanism of land subsidence in Xi'an.Ground water,2013,35(4):60-62.)
[7] 闫世龙,王焰新,马腾等.内陆新生代断陷盆地区地面沉降机理及模拟——以山西省太原市为例.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2006,59-67.(Yan S L,Wang Y X,Ma T,et al.The Mechanism and simulation of land subsidence in the Cenozoic inland faulted basin:Taiyuan City in Shanxi Province.Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2006,59-67.)
[8] 唐亚明,张茂省.滑坡风险评价难点及方法综述.水文地质工程地质,2011,38(2):130-134,138.(Tang Y M,Zhang M S.Landslide risk assessment difficulties and methods:An review.Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2011,38(2):130-134,138.)
[9] Mathew J,Jha V K,Rawat G S.Landslide susceptibility zonation mapping and its validation in part of Garhwal Lesser Himalaya,India,using binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve method.Landslides,2008,6(1):17-26.
[10] Dahal R K,Hasegawa S,Nonomura A,et al.GIS-based weights-of-evidence modelling of rainfall-induced landslides in small catchments for landslide susceptibility mapping.Environ-mental Geology,2008,54(2):311-324.
[11] Puissant A,Van Den Eeckhaut M,Malet J P,et al.Landslide consequence analysis:A region-scaleindicator-based methodology.Landslides,2014,11(5):843-858.
[12] 吴建中.中国地面沉降地质灾害区划方法与实践.上海国土资源,2011,32(2):84-87.(Wu J Z.Method and application of land subsidence disaster regionalization.Shanghai Land & Resources,2011,32(2):84-87.)
[13] 张永伟,李红霞,商婷婷等.基于层次分析法的德州地面沉降易发区的可拓学划分应用.山东国土资源,2016,32(7):58-64.(Zhang Y W,Li H X,Shang T T,et al.Application of extenincs theory for partition of land subsidence susceptible area of Dezhou city based on analytic hierarchy process.Shandong Land and Resources,2016,32(7):58-64.)
[14] 杨勇,郑凡东,刘立才等.地下水开采引发的地面沉降易发性区划及控制措施.中国地质,2013,40(2):653-658.(Yang Y,Zheng F D,Liu L C,et al.Susceptibility zoning and control measures on land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation.Geology in China,2013,40(2):653-658.)
[15] 王国良.地面沉降危险性分级标准初探.上海地质,2006(4):39-43.(Wang G L.Preliminary stuidies dangerous grading standard of land subsidence.Shanghai Geology,2006(4):39-43.)
[16] 刘会平,王艳丽.广州市地面沉降危险性评价.海洋地质动态,2006,22(1):1-4.(Liu H P,Wang Y L.An appraisement of ground subsidence fatalness in Pearl Delta:A case study of Guangzhou City.Marine Geology Letters,2006,22(1):1-4.)
[17] 房浩,何庆成,徐斌等.沧州地区地面沉降灾害风险评价研究.水文地质工程地质,2016,43(4):159-164.(Fang H,He Q C,Xu B,et al.A study of risk assessment of the land subsidence in Cangzhou.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2016,43(4):159-164.)
[18] 王寒梅.上海市地面沉降风险评价体系及风险管理研究.博士学位论文.上海:上海大学,2013.(Wang H M.The risk assessment system and risk management of land subsidence in Shanghai.Ph.D.Dissertation.Shanghai:Shanghai Univer-sity,2013.)
[19] 姜媛,贾三满,王海刚.北京地面沉降风险评价与管理.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2012,23(1):55-60.(Jiang Y,Jia S M,Wang H G.Risk assessment and management of land subsidence in Beijing Plain.The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2012,23(1):55-60.)
[20] 于军,武健强,王晓梅等.地面沉降风险评价初探.高校地质学报,2008,14(3):450-454.(Yu J,Wu J Q,Wang X M,et al.Preliminary research on risk of land subsidence.Geological Journal of China Universities,2008,14(3):450-454.)
[21] 王寒梅.地面沉降风险评价及防治管理区建设研究.上海地质,2010,31(4):7-11.(Wang H M.Study on risk evaluation and control schemes of land subsidence in Shanghai City.Shanghai Geology,2010,31(4):7-11.)
[22] 杨天亮,王寒梅,焦珣.上海地面沉降防治分区管控方法研究.上海国土资源,2014,35(4):105-109.(Yang T L,Wang H M,Jiao X.Land subsidence zoning control in Shanghai.Shanghai Land & Resources,2014,35(4):105-109.)
[23] 焦珣,王寒梅,杨天亮等.考虑不可控因素下的地面沉降防治区划研究.上海国土资源,2017,38(2):4-8,21.(Jiao X,Wang H M,Yang T L,et al.Regionalization of land subsidence prevention based on the consideration of uncontrollable factors.Shanghai Land & Resources,2017,38(2):4-8,21.)
[24] 贾三满,王海刚,赵守生等.北京地面沉降机理研究初探.城市地质,2007,2(1):20-26.(Jia S M,Wang H G,Zhao S S,et al.a tentative study of the mechanism of land subsidence in Beijing.Urban Geology,2007,2(1):20-26.)
[25] 罗勇,贾三满,杨艳等.北京市地面沉降防治工作探讨.上海国土资源,2014,35(4):110-113.(Luo Y,Jia S M,Yang Y,et al.Prevention and control of land subsidence in Beijing.Shanghai Land & Resources,2014,35(4):110-113.)
[26] 田芳,罗勇,周毅等.北京地面沉降与地下水开采时空演变对比.南水北调与水利科技,2017,15(2):163-169.(Tian F,Luo Y,Zhou Y,et al.Contrastive analysis of spatial-temporal evolution between land subsidence and groundwater exploitation in Beijing.South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology,2017,15(2):163-169.)
[27] 周毅,罗郧,郭高轩等.冲洪积平原地面沉降特征及主控因素——以北京平原为例.地质通报,2016,35(12):2100-2110.(Zhou Y,Luo Y,Guo G X,et al.A study of the characteristics of land subsidence and the main control factors in the alluvial plain:A case study of Beijing plain.Geological Bulletin of China,2016,35(12):2100-2110.)
[28] 程凌鹏,王新惠,张琦伟等.南水进京对北京地面沉降的影响及趋势分析.人民黄河,2018,40(5):93-97.(Cheng L P,Wang X H,Zhang Q W,et al.Influence of transferring Yangtze River water into Beijing on ground subsidence and trend analysis.Yellow River,2018,40(5):93-97.)
[29] 罗勇,胡瑞林,叶超等.北京市地面沉降单元划分方法探讨 ∥ 2017年山区第四纪环境与城镇建设学术研讨会论文集.衢州:工程地质学报,2017,25(Suppl.):95-106.
[30] 王荣,杨艳,田芳等.高速铁路区域地面沉降监测体系构建.上海国土资源,2014,35(2):17-20.(Wang R,Yang Y,Tian F,et al.Construction of a monitoring system for regional land subsidence affecting high-speed railways.Shanghai Land & Resources,2014,35(2):17-20.)
[2] 张落成,陈振光,吴楚材.苏南太湖流域地下水过度开采引起的地面沉降及其防治对策.湖泊科学,2003,15(3):257-262.(Zhang L C,Chen Z G,Wu C C.Land subsidence problem and its control in Taihu Basin of South Jiangsu Province due to overexploitation of underground water.Journal of Lake Sciences,2003,15(3):257-262.)
[3] 杨艳,贾三满,王海刚.北京平原区地面沉降现状及发展趋势分析.上海地质,2010,31(4):23-28.(Yang Y,Jia S M,Wang H G.The status and development of land subsidence in Beijing Plain.Shanghai Geology,2010,31(4):23-28.)
[4] 潘云,潘建刚,宫辉力等.天津市区地下水开采与地面沉降关系研究.地球与环境,2004,32(2):36-39.(Pan Y,Pan J G,Gong H L,et al.Research on the relation between groundwater exploitation and subsidence in Tianjin Proper.Earth and Environment,2004,32(2):36-39.)
[5] 郭海朋,丁国平,朱菊艳等.沧州地面沉降区粘土压缩变形和渗透特征研究.武汉理工大学学报,2014,36(5):111-117.(Guo H P,Ding G P,Zhu J Y,et al.Compression deformation and permeability characteriseics of clay in land subsidence area of Cangzhou.Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2014,36(5):111-117.)
[6] 杨欢,石坚.西安市地面沉降机理分析.地下水,2013,35(4):60-62.(Yang H,Shi J.Study on Mechanism of land subsidence in Xi'an.Ground water,2013,35(4):60-62.)
[7] 闫世龙,王焰新,马腾等.内陆新生代断陷盆地区地面沉降机理及模拟——以山西省太原市为例.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2006,59-67.(Yan S L,Wang Y X,Ma T,et al.The Mechanism and simulation of land subsidence in the Cenozoic inland faulted basin:Taiyuan City in Shanxi Province.Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,2006,59-67.)
[8] 唐亚明,张茂省.滑坡风险评价难点及方法综述.水文地质工程地质,2011,38(2):130-134,138.(Tang Y M,Zhang M S.Landslide risk assessment difficulties and methods:An review.Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2011,38(2):130-134,138.)
[9] Mathew J,Jha V K,Rawat G S.Landslide susceptibility zonation mapping and its validation in part of Garhwal Lesser Himalaya,India,using binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve method.Landslides,2008,6(1):17-26.
[10] Dahal R K,Hasegawa S,Nonomura A,et al.GIS-based weights-of-evidence modelling of rainfall-induced landslides in small catchments for landslide susceptibility mapping.Environ-mental Geology,2008,54(2):311-324.
[11] Puissant A,Van Den Eeckhaut M,Malet J P,et al.Landslide consequence analysis:A region-scaleindicator-based methodology.Landslides,2014,11(5):843-858.
[12] 吴建中.中国地面沉降地质灾害区划方法与实践.上海国土资源,2011,32(2):84-87.(Wu J Z.Method and application of land subsidence disaster regionalization.Shanghai Land & Resources,2011,32(2):84-87.)
[13] 张永伟,李红霞,商婷婷等.基于层次分析法的德州地面沉降易发区的可拓学划分应用.山东国土资源,2016,32(7):58-64.(Zhang Y W,Li H X,Shang T T,et al.Application of extenincs theory for partition of land subsidence susceptible area of Dezhou city based on analytic hierarchy process.Shandong Land and Resources,2016,32(7):58-64.)
[14] 杨勇,郑凡东,刘立才等.地下水开采引发的地面沉降易发性区划及控制措施.中国地质,2013,40(2):653-658.(Yang Y,Zheng F D,Liu L C,et al.Susceptibility zoning and control measures on land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation.Geology in China,2013,40(2):653-658.)
[15] 王国良.地面沉降危险性分级标准初探.上海地质,2006(4):39-43.(Wang G L.Preliminary stuidies dangerous grading standard of land subsidence.Shanghai Geology,2006(4):39-43.)
[16] 刘会平,王艳丽.广州市地面沉降危险性评价.海洋地质动态,2006,22(1):1-4.(Liu H P,Wang Y L.An appraisement of ground subsidence fatalness in Pearl Delta:A case study of Guangzhou City.Marine Geology Letters,2006,22(1):1-4.)
[17] 房浩,何庆成,徐斌等.沧州地区地面沉降灾害风险评价研究.水文地质工程地质,2016,43(4):159-164.(Fang H,He Q C,Xu B,et al.A study of risk assessment of the land subsidence in Cangzhou.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2016,43(4):159-164.)
[18] 王寒梅.上海市地面沉降风险评价体系及风险管理研究.博士学位论文.上海:上海大学,2013.(Wang H M.The risk assessment system and risk management of land subsidence in Shanghai.Ph.D.Dissertation.Shanghai:Shanghai Univer-sity,2013.)
[19] 姜媛,贾三满,王海刚.北京地面沉降风险评价与管理.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2012,23(1):55-60.(Jiang Y,Jia S M,Wang H G.Risk assessment and management of land subsidence in Beijing Plain.The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2012,23(1):55-60.)
[20] 于军,武健强,王晓梅等.地面沉降风险评价初探.高校地质学报,2008,14(3):450-454.(Yu J,Wu J Q,Wang X M,et al.Preliminary research on risk of land subsidence.Geological Journal of China Universities,2008,14(3):450-454.)
[21] 王寒梅.地面沉降风险评价及防治管理区建设研究.上海地质,2010,31(4):7-11.(Wang H M.Study on risk evaluation and control schemes of land subsidence in Shanghai City.Shanghai Geology,2010,31(4):7-11.)
[22] 杨天亮,王寒梅,焦珣.上海地面沉降防治分区管控方法研究.上海国土资源,2014,35(4):105-109.(Yang T L,Wang H M,Jiao X.Land subsidence zoning control in Shanghai.Shanghai Land & Resources,2014,35(4):105-109.)
[23] 焦珣,王寒梅,杨天亮等.考虑不可控因素下的地面沉降防治区划研究.上海国土资源,2017,38(2):4-8,21.(Jiao X,Wang H M,Yang T L,et al.Regionalization of land subsidence prevention based on the consideration of uncontrollable factors.Shanghai Land & Resources,2017,38(2):4-8,21.)
[24] 贾三满,王海刚,赵守生等.北京地面沉降机理研究初探.城市地质,2007,2(1):20-26.(Jia S M,Wang H G,Zhao S S,et al.a tentative study of the mechanism of land subsidence in Beijing.Urban Geology,2007,2(1):20-26.)
[25] 罗勇,贾三满,杨艳等.北京市地面沉降防治工作探讨.上海国土资源,2014,35(4):110-113.(Luo Y,Jia S M,Yang Y,et al.Prevention and control of land subsidence in Beijing.Shanghai Land & Resources,2014,35(4):110-113.)
[26] 田芳,罗勇,周毅等.北京地面沉降与地下水开采时空演变对比.南水北调与水利科技,2017,15(2):163-169.(Tian F,Luo Y,Zhou Y,et al.Contrastive analysis of spatial-temporal evolution between land subsidence and groundwater exploitation in Beijing.South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology,2017,15(2):163-169.)
[27] 周毅,罗郧,郭高轩等.冲洪积平原地面沉降特征及主控因素——以北京平原为例.地质通报,2016,35(12):2100-2110.(Zhou Y,Luo Y,Guo G X,et al.A study of the characteristics of land subsidence and the main control factors in the alluvial plain:A case study of Beijing plain.Geological Bulletin of China,2016,35(12):2100-2110.)
[28] 程凌鹏,王新惠,张琦伟等.南水进京对北京地面沉降的影响及趋势分析.人民黄河,2018,40(5):93-97.(Cheng L P,Wang X H,Zhang Q W,et al.Influence of transferring Yangtze River water into Beijing on ground subsidence and trend analysis.Yellow River,2018,40(5):93-97.)
[29] 罗勇,胡瑞林,叶超等.北京市地面沉降单元划分方法探讨 ∥ 2017年山区第四纪环境与城镇建设学术研讨会论文集.衢州:工程地质学报,2017,25(Suppl.):95-106.
[30] 王荣,杨艳,田芳等.高速铁路区域地面沉降监测体系构建.上海国土资源,2014,35(2):17-20.(Wang R,Yang Y,Tian F,et al.Construction of a monitoring system for regional land subsidence affecting high-speed railways.Shanghai Land & Resources,2014,35(2):17-20.)
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