美国宾汉姆百年矿山污染治理与可持续发展之路探索
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摘要
美国宾汉姆斑岩铜矿是全球著名矿床,近百年的资源开发、矿石加工和冶炼等生产活动对当地环境和生态系统造成了严重破坏,污染治理成本高昂。此外,矿区还有大量其他矿业公司历史上遗留下的污染物,治污责任纠缠不清。然而依照国家法律、政府,以及企业的社会责任心与发展策略,该区环境污染得到了成功清理和复垦,企业重新走上一条可持续发展之路,产生了显著的环境、社会、监管和经济效益。介绍宾汉姆矿山治理迂回曲折的过程,试图能给中国现有同类矿山、国家相关管理部门带来有益启迪和借鉴。
The Bingham porphyry copper deposit is a world-famous ore deposit. More than one hundred years' production activities such as resource development, ore processing and smelting have seriously damaged the local environment and ecosystem, and the cost of pollution control is high. In addition, there are a large number of other pollutants left behind in the history of the mineral company in the mining area, and the responsibility for pollution control is entangled. However, according to the national law, government and corporate social responsibility and development strategy, the environmental pollution has been successfully cleaned up and reclaimed,and enterprises have embarked on a sustainable development road, resulting in significant environmental, social, regulatory and economic benefits. This paper introduces the process of the Bingham mine's pollution abatement characterized by many twists and turns, with the purpose of giving some beneficial enlightenment and reference to China's existing similar mines and related administrative departments.
The Bingham porphyry copper deposit is a world-famous ore deposit. More than one hundred years' production activities such as resource development, ore processing and smelting have seriously damaged the local environment and ecosystem, and the cost of pollution control is high. In addition, there are a large number of other pollutants left behind in the history of the mineral company in the mining area, and the responsibility for pollution control is entangled. However, according to the national law, government and corporate social responsibility and development strategy, the environmental pollution has been successfully cleaned up and reclaimed,and enterprises have embarked on a sustainable development road, resulting in significant environmental, social, regulatory and economic benefits. This paper introduces the process of the Bingham mine's pollution abatement characterized by many twists and turns, with the purpose of giving some beneficial enlightenment and reference to China's existing similar mines and related administrative departments.
引文
[1]任海军.美设“超级基金”治理土地污染环境经济双赢[J].环境监测管理与技术, 2012, 24(5):16.
[2]段春霞,孟春阳.关于美国治理污染土地超级基金制度的若干思考[J].农业考古, 2009,(6):338-340.
[3]李冬梅.美国CERCLA对构建我国土壤污染清理、修复法律责任的启示[J].长春市委党校学报, 2011,(6):60-64.
[4]Krahulec Ken. Race to Ore:The Beginnings of Open-Pit Copper Mining-A Century of Open-Pit Mining at Bingham Canyon[J].Survey Notes,2007, 39(2):1-3.
[5]K.斯确特卡,芮钟英.美国肯尼科特—犹他铜业公司的宾厄姆露天铜矿[J].国外采矿技术快报,1984,(2):8,13.
[6]张键元.美国宾厄姆露天铜矿考察报告[J].国外金属矿山, 1989,(10):21-28.
[7]周聪惠.美国“超级基金”制度研究——探索污染土地修复中的用地规划协调途径[J].国际城市规划, 2013, 28(6):89-96.
(1)The Descendants of Erastus Bingham and Lucinda Gates, Ogden,Utah:Bingham Family Corp, 1970.
(2)"Bingham Canyon extension could extend life of mine to mid-2030s by moving south wall,"Mining Enghineering, 2010.
(3)Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation Managing Environmental Cleanup Update,Spring, 2003.
(4)Abandoned mine lands case study[EB/OL](2006-06-02)[2018-08-01]http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/aml/tech/. 2006.
(5)A status report on the Last Century Cleanup Program[(EB/OL)](2011-12-09)[2018-08-01]http://www.kennecott.com/library/media/Final_Sept Remediation_Lo Res.pdf. 2011.
(6)Kennecott Utah Copper's Bingham Canyon Mine[EB/OL](2010-07-11)[2018-08-01]http://www.utah.com/attractions/kennecott.htm. Retrieved. 2010.
(7)Bon R L, Krahulec K A. Utah, Mining Engineering. 2006-11-07.
(8)Deutsche Bank Markets Research. 2012.
(9)Steve V."Bingham Canyon Copper:Finding Chalcopyrite at"The Richest Hole on Earth"". Rock&Gem Magazine[EB/OL][2018-08-01] http://www. rockhounds. com/rockgem/articles/bingham_canyon.html. 2010.
(10)中华商务网.[EB/OL](2018-08-01)http://www.chinaccm.com.2003.
(11)Kennecott Utah Copper Mine brochure(distributed to visitors), dated September 2009.
(12)中国选矿技术网.美国肯尼柯特铜公司犹他分公司宾厄姆铜-钼矿选厂实例[EB/OL][2018-08-01]http://www.mining120.com/tech/show-htm-itemid-18343.html. 2008.
(13)Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation(Rio Tinto). Reclaiming the environment from a century of mining:A status report on the Last Century Cleanup Program[EB/OL][2018-08-01]http://www.kennecott.com/library/Lo Res.pdf. 2011.
[2]段春霞,孟春阳.关于美国治理污染土地超级基金制度的若干思考[J].农业考古, 2009,(6):338-340.
[3]李冬梅.美国CERCLA对构建我国土壤污染清理、修复法律责任的启示[J].长春市委党校学报, 2011,(6):60-64.
[4]Krahulec Ken. Race to Ore:The Beginnings of Open-Pit Copper Mining-A Century of Open-Pit Mining at Bingham Canyon[J].Survey Notes,2007, 39(2):1-3.
[5]K.斯确特卡,芮钟英.美国肯尼科特—犹他铜业公司的宾厄姆露天铜矿[J].国外采矿技术快报,1984,(2):8,13.
[6]张键元.美国宾厄姆露天铜矿考察报告[J].国外金属矿山, 1989,(10):21-28.
[7]周聪惠.美国“超级基金”制度研究——探索污染土地修复中的用地规划协调途径[J].国际城市规划, 2013, 28(6):89-96.
(1)The Descendants of Erastus Bingham and Lucinda Gates, Ogden,Utah:Bingham Family Corp, 1970.
(2)"Bingham Canyon extension could extend life of mine to mid-2030s by moving south wall,"Mining Enghineering, 2010.
(3)Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation Managing Environmental Cleanup Update,Spring, 2003.
(4)Abandoned mine lands case study[EB/OL](2006-06-02)[2018-08-01]http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/aml/tech/. 2006.
(5)A status report on the Last Century Cleanup Program[(EB/OL)](2011-12-09)[2018-08-01]http://www.kennecott.com/library/media/Final_Sept Remediation_Lo Res.pdf. 2011.
(6)Kennecott Utah Copper's Bingham Canyon Mine[EB/OL](2010-07-11)[2018-08-01]http://www.utah.com/attractions/kennecott.htm. Retrieved. 2010.
(7)Bon R L, Krahulec K A. Utah, Mining Engineering. 2006-11-07.
(8)Deutsche Bank Markets Research. 2012.
(9)Steve V."Bingham Canyon Copper:Finding Chalcopyrite at"The Richest Hole on Earth"". Rock&Gem Magazine[EB/OL][2018-08-01] http://www. rockhounds. com/rockgem/articles/bingham_canyon.html. 2010.
(10)中华商务网.[EB/OL](2018-08-01)http://www.chinaccm.com.2003.
(11)Kennecott Utah Copper Mine brochure(distributed to visitors), dated September 2009.
(12)中国选矿技术网.美国肯尼柯特铜公司犹他分公司宾厄姆铜-钼矿选厂实例[EB/OL][2018-08-01]http://www.mining120.com/tech/show-htm-itemid-18343.html. 2008.
(13)Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation(Rio Tinto). Reclaiming the environment from a century of mining:A status report on the Last Century Cleanup Program[EB/OL][2018-08-01]http://www.kennecott.com/library/Lo Res.pdf. 2011.
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