2015―2016年塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地天然绿洲气温及相对湿度变化特征
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摘要
达理雅博依绿洲是塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地现存最大的一处天然绿洲,其气象参数的获取可为干旱区绿洲生态环境及绿洲的形成及演变等问题的研究提供基础数据.本文分析了2015―2016年在达理雅博依所设置的首台区域气象站气温及相对湿度变化特征.结果表明:2015年绿洲平均气温值为11.8℃,气温日变化较急剧;年内月均气温最高值出现在7月,为28.6℃,最低值出现在1月,为-6.7℃;绿洲平均相对湿度为40.2%;年内月均相对湿度最高值出现在12月,为60.3%,最低值出现在4月,为25.6%;呈现典型的暖温带大陆性气候特征.与处于同纬度的沙漠腹地相比,绿洲月均气温最高值比塔中地区低1.4℃,最低值则高1.5℃,月均相对湿度最高值低2.7%,最低值高4.6%,显示出天然绿洲与沙漠环境的差异;相比位于上游的人工绿洲,其月均气温最高值比于田县要高1.8℃,最低值低4℃,月均相对湿度最高值高5.3%,最低值较3月于田县的23.0%低2.6%,显示沙漠环境对其腹地绿洲的影响要较其边缘人工绿洲大.
Daliyaboyi is the largest natural oasis in the hinterland of the Taklamakan Desert, measuring the natural oasis' meteorological parameters will provide fundamental data for the study of ecological environment and the formation and evolution of oases in arid regions. We analyzed the characteristics of temperature and relative humidity data(2015―2016) from the first regional meteorological station set up at Daliyaboyi. The results showed that the average temperature of the oasis was 11.8 ℃ in 2015, where the daily temperature varied rapidly. The highest temperature of 2015, which appeared in July, was 28.6 ℃, and the lowest, which was in January, was-6.7℃. The average relative humidity of Daliyaboyi was 40.2% in 2015, and its highest monthly average relative humi-dity was 60.3%, which was in December, and the lowest, which was in April, was 25.6%. This presents a warm temperate climate type continental climate. Compared to Tazhong station, which is located at a similar latitude and in the desert hinterland, the highest temperature over the year at Daliyaboyi was 1.4 ℃ lower than that at Tazhong and its lowest temperature was 1.5 ℃ higher than that of Tazhong, the highest monthly average relative humidity was 2.7% lower than that at Tazhong and its lowest monthly average relative humidity was 4.6% higher than that of Tazhong, this suggests that there is a difference between a natural oasis and the desert environment.However, compared to Yutian, which is an artificial oasis in the upper stream and the southern margin of the Tarim Basin, the highest temperature value in Daliyaboyi was 1.8 ℃ higher than that at Yutian and the lowest value was 4 ℃ lower than that at Yutian, the highest monthly average relative humidity was 5.3% higher than that at Yutian and its lowest monthly average relative humidity was 2.6% lower than that of Yutian in March(23.0%),which indicated the impact of the desert on its hinterland oasis was greater than on its edges.
Daliyaboyi is the largest natural oasis in the hinterland of the Taklamakan Desert, measuring the natural oasis' meteorological parameters will provide fundamental data for the study of ecological environment and the formation and evolution of oases in arid regions. We analyzed the characteristics of temperature and relative humidity data(2015―2016) from the first regional meteorological station set up at Daliyaboyi. The results showed that the average temperature of the oasis was 11.8 ℃ in 2015, where the daily temperature varied rapidly. The highest temperature of 2015, which appeared in July, was 28.6 ℃, and the lowest, which was in January, was-6.7℃. The average relative humidity of Daliyaboyi was 40.2% in 2015, and its highest monthly average relative humi-dity was 60.3%, which was in December, and the lowest, which was in April, was 25.6%. This presents a warm temperate climate type continental climate. Compared to Tazhong station, which is located at a similar latitude and in the desert hinterland, the highest temperature over the year at Daliyaboyi was 1.4 ℃ lower than that at Tazhong and its lowest temperature was 1.5 ℃ higher than that of Tazhong, the highest monthly average relative humidity was 2.7% lower than that at Tazhong and its lowest monthly average relative humidity was 4.6% higher than that of Tazhong, this suggests that there is a difference between a natural oasis and the desert environment.However, compared to Yutian, which is an artificial oasis in the upper stream and the southern margin of the Tarim Basin, the highest temperature value in Daliyaboyi was 1.8 ℃ higher than that at Yutian and the lowest value was 4 ℃ lower than that at Yutian, the highest monthly average relative humidity was 5.3% higher than that at Yutian and its lowest monthly average relative humidity was 2.6% lower than that of Yutian in March(23.0%),which indicated the impact of the desert on its hinterland oasis was greater than on its edges.
引文
[1]朱震达,陆锦华,江伟铮.塔克拉玛干沙漠克里雅河下游地区风沙地貌的形成发育与环境变化趋势的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,1988,8(2):1-10.ZHU Z D,LU J H,JIANG W Z.Study on formation and development of aeolian landform and trend of environmental change at lower reach of the Keriya River,Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research,1988,8(2):1-10.(in Chinese)
[2]曹琼英,夏训诚.新疆克里雅河下游地貌与第四纪地质的初步研究[J].地理科学,1992,12(1):34-43.CAO Q Y,XIA X C.A preliminary study on the geomorphology and quaternary geology in the lower reaches of the Keliya River[J].Journal of Desert Research,1992,12(1):34-43.(in Chinese)
[3]周兴佳,李保生,朱峰,等.南疆克里雅河绿洲发育和演化过程研究[J].云南地理环境研究,1996,8(2):44-57.ZHOU X J,LI B S,ZHU F,et al.The research on the development and evolution of the oasis of Keriya River in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,1996,8(2):44-57.(in Chinese)
[4]周兴佳,朱峰.克里雅河绿洲的形成与演变[J].第四纪研究,1994,14(3):249-255.ZHOU X J,ZHU F.The formation and evolution of oasis in the keriya river valley[J].Quaternary Sciences,1994,14(3):249-255.(in Chinese)
[5]田裕钊.克里雅河下游三角洲的吐加依--标志生态退化的一种自然综合体[J].中国沙漠,1988,8(2):11-25.TIAN Y Z.Tugayi in the delta of the lower reaches of the Kerya River:a natural complex reflecting ecological degradation[J].Journal of Desert Research,1988,8(2):11-25.(in Chinese)
[6]黄盛璋.绿洲研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.HUANG S Z.Oasis studies[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[7]刘树华,陈荷生.沙漠人工植被和流动沙丘的小气候特征观测研究[J].干旱区地理,1994,17(1):16-23.LIU S H,CHEN H S.Study on microclimate or the artificial vegetation over sand dunds in shapotou area[J].Arid Land Geography,1994,17(1):16-23.(in Chinese)
[8]金莉莉,李振杰,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地中心区域与边缘地带小气候[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):986-996.JIN L L,LI Z J,HE Q,et al.Microclimate over the center and edge areas of the artifical shelter forest land in Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(5):986-996.(in Chinese)
[9]夏训诚,樊自立.关于塔里木盆地环境变化和气候变迁问题[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.XIA X C,FAN Z L.Problems about the environment and climate changes of Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.(in Chinese)
[10]冯起,苏志珠,金会军.塔里木河流域12 ka BP以来沙漠演化与气候变化研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,1999(s1):87-96.FENG Q,SU Z Z,JIN H J.Desert evolution and climatic changes in the Tarim River basin since 12 ka BP[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,1999(s1):87-96.(in Chinese)
[11]钟巍,王立国,熊黑钢,等.塔里木盆地南缘和田绿洲中全新世以来气候环境变化与人类活动[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(2):171-176.ZHONG W,WANG L G,XIONG H G,et al.Climate-environment changes and possible human activity effect since mid-Holocene in Hetian Oasis,southern margin of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Desert Research,2007,27(2):171-176.(in Chinese)
[12]李耀锟,巢纪平.孤立绿洲系统演化的动力学理论研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2015,45(3):305-317.LI Y K,CHAO J P.The dynamical evolution theory of the isolated oasis system[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2015,45(3):305-317.(in Chinese)
[13]樊自立.塔里木盆地绿洲形成与演变[J].地理学报,1993,48(5):421-427.FAN Z L.A study of the formation and evolution of oasis in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1993,48(5):421-427.(in Chinese)
[14]樊自立,季方.克里雅河中下游自然环境变迁与绿色走廊保护[J].干旱区研究,1989(3):16-24.FAN Z L,JI F.The changes of natural environment and the green corridor protection in middle-lower reaches of the Keriya River[J].Arid Zone Research,1989(3):16-24.(in Chinese)
[15]张峰,王涛,海米提·依米提,等.2.7～1.6 ka BP塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地克里雅河尾闾绿洲的变迁[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(10):1495-1504.ZHANG F,WANG T,Haimiti Yimiti,et al.Hydrological changes and settlement migrations in the Keriya River delta in central Tarim Basin ca.2.7-1.6 ka BP[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2011,41(10):1495-1504.(in Chinese)
[16]黄盛璋.论绿洲研究与绿洲学[J].中国历史地理论丛,1990(2):1-24.HUANG S Z.On oasis studies and oasisology[J].Collections of Essays on Chinese Historical Geography,1990(2):1-24.(in Chinese)
[17]倪频融.达里雅博依绿洲的历史、现状及其演变前景[J].干旱区研究,1993,10(4):12-18.NI P R.History,present situation and evolution prospect of Daliyaboyi Oasis[J].Arid Zone Research,1993,10(4):12-18.(in Chinese)
[18]杨小平.绿洲演化与自然和人为因素的关系初探--以克里雅河下游地区为例[J].地学前缘,2001,8(1):83-89.YANG X P.The relationship between oases evolution and natural as well as human factors:evidences from the lower reaches of the Keriya River,southern Xinjiang,China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2001,8(1):83-89.(in Chinese)
[19]胡文康,张立运.克里雅河下游荒漠河岸植被的历史、现状和前景[J].干旱区地理,1990,13(1):46-51.HU W K,ZHANG L Y.History present condition and prospects of desert vegetation in the lower reaches of Keriya River[J].Arid Land Geography,1990,13(1):46-51.(in Chinese)
[20]李崇舜,赵景峰.克里雅河下游风沙地貌特征与沙漠化防治[J].干旱区研究,1991(2):50-55.LI C S,ZHAO J F.The characteristics of wind and sand landforms in the lower reaches of Keliya River[J].Arid Zone Research,1991(2):50-55.(in Chinese)
[21]陈荷生.水在克里雅河流域生态地理环境中的作用[J].中国沙漠,1988,8(2):38-53.CHEN H S.Effect of water in eco-geographic environment of the Keriya River valley[J].Journal of Desert Research,1988,8(2):38-53.(in Chinese)
[2]曹琼英,夏训诚.新疆克里雅河下游地貌与第四纪地质的初步研究[J].地理科学,1992,12(1):34-43.CAO Q Y,XIA X C.A preliminary study on the geomorphology and quaternary geology in the lower reaches of the Keliya River[J].Journal of Desert Research,1992,12(1):34-43.(in Chinese)
[3]周兴佳,李保生,朱峰,等.南疆克里雅河绿洲发育和演化过程研究[J].云南地理环境研究,1996,8(2):44-57.ZHOU X J,LI B S,ZHU F,et al.The research on the development and evolution of the oasis of Keriya River in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,1996,8(2):44-57.(in Chinese)
[4]周兴佳,朱峰.克里雅河绿洲的形成与演变[J].第四纪研究,1994,14(3):249-255.ZHOU X J,ZHU F.The formation and evolution of oasis in the keriya river valley[J].Quaternary Sciences,1994,14(3):249-255.(in Chinese)
[5]田裕钊.克里雅河下游三角洲的吐加依--标志生态退化的一种自然综合体[J].中国沙漠,1988,8(2):11-25.TIAN Y Z.Tugayi in the delta of the lower reaches of the Kerya River:a natural complex reflecting ecological degradation[J].Journal of Desert Research,1988,8(2):11-25.(in Chinese)
[6]黄盛璋.绿洲研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.HUANG S Z.Oasis studies[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[7]刘树华,陈荷生.沙漠人工植被和流动沙丘的小气候特征观测研究[J].干旱区地理,1994,17(1):16-23.LIU S H,CHEN H S.Study on microclimate or the artificial vegetation over sand dunds in shapotou area[J].Arid Land Geography,1994,17(1):16-23.(in Chinese)
[8]金莉莉,李振杰,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地中心区域与边缘地带小气候[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):986-996.JIN L L,LI Z J,HE Q,et al.Microclimate over the center and edge areas of the artifical shelter forest land in Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(5):986-996.(in Chinese)
[9]夏训诚,樊自立.关于塔里木盆地环境变化和气候变迁问题[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.XIA X C,FAN Z L.Problems about the environment and climate changes of Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.(in Chinese)
[10]冯起,苏志珠,金会军.塔里木河流域12 ka BP以来沙漠演化与气候变化研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,1999(s1):87-96.FENG Q,SU Z Z,JIN H J.Desert evolution and climatic changes in the Tarim River basin since 12 ka BP[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,1999(s1):87-96.(in Chinese)
[11]钟巍,王立国,熊黑钢,等.塔里木盆地南缘和田绿洲中全新世以来气候环境变化与人类活动[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(2):171-176.ZHONG W,WANG L G,XIONG H G,et al.Climate-environment changes and possible human activity effect since mid-Holocene in Hetian Oasis,southern margin of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Desert Research,2007,27(2):171-176.(in Chinese)
[12]李耀锟,巢纪平.孤立绿洲系统演化的动力学理论研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2015,45(3):305-317.LI Y K,CHAO J P.The dynamical evolution theory of the isolated oasis system[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2015,45(3):305-317.(in Chinese)
[13]樊自立.塔里木盆地绿洲形成与演变[J].地理学报,1993,48(5):421-427.FAN Z L.A study of the formation and evolution of oasis in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1993,48(5):421-427.(in Chinese)
[14]樊自立,季方.克里雅河中下游自然环境变迁与绿色走廊保护[J].干旱区研究,1989(3):16-24.FAN Z L,JI F.The changes of natural environment and the green corridor protection in middle-lower reaches of the Keriya River[J].Arid Zone Research,1989(3):16-24.(in Chinese)
[15]张峰,王涛,海米提·依米提,等.2.7～1.6 ka BP塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地克里雅河尾闾绿洲的变迁[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(10):1495-1504.ZHANG F,WANG T,Haimiti Yimiti,et al.Hydrological changes and settlement migrations in the Keriya River delta in central Tarim Basin ca.2.7-1.6 ka BP[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2011,41(10):1495-1504.(in Chinese)
[16]黄盛璋.论绿洲研究与绿洲学[J].中国历史地理论丛,1990(2):1-24.HUANG S Z.On oasis studies and oasisology[J].Collections of Essays on Chinese Historical Geography,1990(2):1-24.(in Chinese)
[17]倪频融.达里雅博依绿洲的历史、现状及其演变前景[J].干旱区研究,1993,10(4):12-18.NI P R.History,present situation and evolution prospect of Daliyaboyi Oasis[J].Arid Zone Research,1993,10(4):12-18.(in Chinese)
[18]杨小平.绿洲演化与自然和人为因素的关系初探--以克里雅河下游地区为例[J].地学前缘,2001,8(1):83-89.YANG X P.The relationship between oases evolution and natural as well as human factors:evidences from the lower reaches of the Keriya River,southern Xinjiang,China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2001,8(1):83-89.(in Chinese)
[19]胡文康,张立运.克里雅河下游荒漠河岸植被的历史、现状和前景[J].干旱区地理,1990,13(1):46-51.HU W K,ZHANG L Y.History present condition and prospects of desert vegetation in the lower reaches of Keriya River[J].Arid Land Geography,1990,13(1):46-51.(in Chinese)
[20]李崇舜,赵景峰.克里雅河下游风沙地貌特征与沙漠化防治[J].干旱区研究,1991(2):50-55.LI C S,ZHAO J F.The characteristics of wind and sand landforms in the lower reaches of Keliya River[J].Arid Zone Research,1991(2):50-55.(in Chinese)
[21]陈荷生.水在克里雅河流域生态地理环境中的作用[J].中国沙漠,1988,8(2):38-53.CHEN H S.Effect of water in eco-geographic environment of the Keriya River valley[J].Journal of Desert Research,1988,8(2):38-53.(in Chinese)
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