金属玻璃中的β-弛豫
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摘要
弛豫也称为Johari-Goldstein弛豫,是过冷液体和金属玻璃的固有特征,在过去的几十年一直是材料领域的研究热点.金属玻璃中许多关键本质问题都和弛豫行为(特别是β-弛豫)相关联,因此研究金属玻璃的β-弛豫行为对理解金属玻璃的玻璃化转变现象、机械性能、扩散、物理老化的机制、以及金属玻璃的稳定性都有着很重要的意义.本文简要介绍了金属玻璃β-弛豫的相关研究内容,包括β-弛豫的测试和特征,合金成分对其的影响,以及金属玻璃的塑性与其β-弛豫行为的关联,最后对金属玻璃β-弛豫的研究进行了总结和展望.
β-relaxation(also known as Johari-Goldstein relaxation) is an intrinsic feature of supercooled liquids and glasses, and has aroused considerable interest in the field of materials for the past decades. Many essential issues in metallic glasses are associated with relaxation behavior, especially β-relaxation. Study on the β-relaxation behavior of metallic glasses has a great significance to understand glass transition phenomenon, mechanical properties, diffusion, physical aging, and the stability of metallic glasses. This paper briefly introduces the related research issues of β-relaxation behavior of metallic glasses, including measurement and characteristics of β-relaxation behavior, the effect of the composition on β-relaxations, and the relationship between the plasticity of metallic glass and its β-relaxation behavior. Finally, the research on the β-relaxation of metallic glasses is summarized and prospected.
β-relaxation(also known as Johari-Goldstein relaxation) is an intrinsic feature of supercooled liquids and glasses, and has aroused considerable interest in the field of materials for the past decades. Many essential issues in metallic glasses are associated with relaxation behavior, especially β-relaxation. Study on the β-relaxation behavior of metallic glasses has a great significance to understand glass transition phenomenon, mechanical properties, diffusion, physical aging, and the stability of metallic glasses. This paper briefly introduces the related research issues of β-relaxation behavior of metallic glasses, including measurement and characteristics of β-relaxation behavior, the effect of the composition on β-relaxations, and the relationship between the plasticity of metallic glass and its β-relaxation behavior. Finally, the research on the β-relaxation of metallic glasses is summarized and prospected.
引文
[1]GREER L A.Metallic glasses…on the threshold[J].Materials Today,2009,12(1-2):14-22.
[2]WANG W H.Bulk metallic glasses with functional physical properties[J].Advanced Materials,2009,21(45):4524-4544.
[3]SCHUH C,HUFNAGEL T,Ramamurty U.Mechanical behavior of amorphous alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(12):4067-4109.
[4]ASHBY M,GREER A.Metallic glasses as structural materials[J].Scripta Materialia,2006,54(3):321-326.
[5]JEPPE C,DYRE.Colloquium:the glass transition and elastic models of glass-forming liquids[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2006,78:953-792.
[6]LUNKENHEIMER P,WEHN R,LOIDL A.Dielectric spectroscopy on aging glasses[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2006,352(42-49):4941-4945.
[7]WANG W H.The elastic properties,elastic models and elastic perspectives of metallic glasses[J].Progress in Materials Science,2012,57(3):487-656.
[8]YU H B,WANG W H,BAI H Y,et al.Relating activation of shear transformation zones toβrelaxations in metallic glasses[J].Physical Rewiew B,2010,81:220221.
[9]WANG Q,LIU J J,YE Y F,et al.Universal secondary relaxation and unusual brittle-to-ductile transition in metallic glasses[J].Materials Today,2017,20(6):293-300.
[10]YU H B,WANG W H,SAMWER K.Theβrelaxation in metallic glasses:an overview[J].Materials Today,2013,16:183-191.
[11]WANG L M,CHEN Z M,ZHAO Y,et al.Non-exponentiality of structural relaxations in glass forming metallic liquids[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2010,504:201-204.
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[13]YU H B,SHEN X,WANG Z,et al.Tensile plasticity in metallic glasses with pronouncedβrelaxations[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,108:015504.
[14]YU H B,SAMWER K,WU Y,et al.Correlation between beta relaxation and self-diffusion of the smallest constituting atoms in metallic glasses[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,109(9):095508.
[15]WANG Z,YU H B,WEN P,et al.Pronounced slowβ-relaxation in la-based bulk metallic glasses[J].Journal of Physics:Condensed Matter,2011,23(14):142202.
[16]ZHANG C H,HU L N,YUE Y Z,et al.Fragile-to-strong transition in metallic glass-forming liquids[J].Journal of Chemical Physics,2010,133:2627.
[17]ASHTEKAR S,SCOTT G,LYDING J,et al.Direct imaging of two-state dynamics on the amorphous silicon surface[J].Physical Review Letters,2011,106:235501.
[18]YU H B,BAI H Y,SAMWER K.Theβ-relaxation in metallic glasses[J].National Science Review,2014,1(3):429-461.
[19]QIAO J C,CHEN Y H,CASALINI R,et al.Mainα-relaxation and slowβ-relaxation processes in a La30Ce30AL15CO25metallic glass[J].Journal of Materials Science&Technology,2019,35(6):982-986.
[20]ZHAO Z F,WEN P,SHEN C H,et al.Measurements of slowβ-relaxations in metallic glasses and super cooled liquids[J].Physical Review B,2007,75:17420.
[21]WANG Z,WEN P,HUO L S.Signature of viscousflow unitsin apparentelasticregime of metallic glasses[J].Appl Phys Lett,2012,101(12):121906.
[22]WANG Q,PELLETIER J M,DONG Y D,et al.Structural relaxation and crystal lisation of bulk metallic glasses Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10-xBe22.5Fex(x=0 or 2)studied by mechanical spectroscopy[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2004,370(1-2):316-320.
[23]HABASAKI J,NGAI K L.Molecular dynamics simulation of ion dynamic singl assyionic conductors:evidence of the primitive ion hopping process[J].Journal of Non-Crystal line Solids,2006,352(42-49):5170-5177.
[24]JAMIL A,FAHEEM H,RIAZUDDIN.Contemporaryphysics[M].S.l.:World Scientific,2008:260.
[25]WANG Z,WEN P,HUO LS,et al.Signature of viscous flow units in apparent elastic regime of metallic glasses[J].Applied Physics Letters,2012,101(12):869.
[26]ICHITSUBO T,MATSUBARA E,Yamamoto T,et al.Microstructure of fragile metallic glasses inferred from ultrasoundaccelerated crystallization in pd-based metallic glasses[J].Physical Review Letters,2005,95:245501.
[27]YU H B,SAMWER K,WANG W H,et al.Chemical influence onβ-relaxations and the formation of molecule-like metallic glasses[J].Nature Communications,2013,4:2204.
[28]TAKEUCHI,AKIRA,INOUE,AKIHISA.Classification of bulk metallic glasses by atomic size difference,heat of mixing and period of constituent elements and its application to characterization of the main alloying element[J].Materials Transactions,2005,46(12):2817-2829.
[29]WANG W H.The elastic properties,elastic models and elastic perspectives of metallic glasses[J].Progress in Materials Science,2012,57(3):487-656.
[30]SHENG H W,MA E,KRAMER M J.Relating dynamic properties to atomic structure in metallic glasses[J].JOM,2012,64(7):856-881.
[31]PETER W H,LIAW P K,BUCHANAN R A,et al.Fatigue behavior of Zr52.5Al10Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6bulk metallic glass[J].Intermetallics,2002,10(11-12):1125-1129.
[32]CHEN M W.Mechanical behavior of metallic glasses:microscopic understanding of strength and ductility[J].Annual Review of Materials Research,2008,38:445-469.
[33]THOMPSON C F.Progress in metal physics[J].Nature,1960,186:666-666.
[34]SPAEPEN F.A mcroscopic mechanism for steady state inhomogeneous flow in metallic glasses[J].Acta Metallurgica,1977,25(4):407-415.
[35]FOGLIA A J.Shear localization and shear instability in materials in the ductile field[J].Journal of structural Geology,1980,2(1-2):135-142.
[36]LUO P,WEN P,BAI HY,et al.Relaxation decoupling in metallic glasses at low temperatures[J].Physical Review Letters,2017,118(22):225901.
[37]JOHNSON W L,DEMETRIOU M D,HARMON J S,et al.Rheology and ultrasonic properties of metallic glass-forming liquids:apotential energy landscape perspective[J].MRS Bulletin,2007,32(8):644-650.
[38]HARMON J S,DEMETRIOU M D,JOHNSON W L,et al.Anelastic to plastic transition in metallic glass-forming liquids[J],Physical Review letters,2007,99(13):135502.
[39]JOHNSON W L,SAMWER K.A universal criterion for plastic yielding of metallic glasses with a(T/Tg)2/3 temperature dependence[J].Physical Review letters,2005,95:195501.
[40]RODNEY D,SCHUHC C.Distribution of thermally activated plastic events in a flowing glass[J].Physical Review Letters,2009,102(23):235503.
[2]WANG W H.Bulk metallic glasses with functional physical properties[J].Advanced Materials,2009,21(45):4524-4544.
[3]SCHUH C,HUFNAGEL T,Ramamurty U.Mechanical behavior of amorphous alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(12):4067-4109.
[4]ASHBY M,GREER A.Metallic glasses as structural materials[J].Scripta Materialia,2006,54(3):321-326.
[5]JEPPE C,DYRE.Colloquium:the glass transition and elastic models of glass-forming liquids[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,2006,78:953-792.
[6]LUNKENHEIMER P,WEHN R,LOIDL A.Dielectric spectroscopy on aging glasses[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2006,352(42-49):4941-4945.
[7]WANG W H.The elastic properties,elastic models and elastic perspectives of metallic glasses[J].Progress in Materials Science,2012,57(3):487-656.
[8]YU H B,WANG W H,BAI H Y,et al.Relating activation of shear transformation zones toβrelaxations in metallic glasses[J].Physical Rewiew B,2010,81:220221.
[9]WANG Q,LIU J J,YE Y F,et al.Universal secondary relaxation and unusual brittle-to-ductile transition in metallic glasses[J].Materials Today,2017,20(6):293-300.
[10]YU H B,WANG W H,SAMWER K.Theβrelaxation in metallic glasses:an overview[J].Materials Today,2013,16:183-191.
[11]WANG L M,CHEN Z M,ZHAO Y,et al.Non-exponentiality of structural relaxations in glass forming metallic liquids[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2010,504:201-204.
[12]YU H B,WANG Z,WANG W H,et al,Relation betweenβ-relaxation and fragility in lace-based metallic glasses[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2012,358(4):869-871.
[13]YU H B,SHEN X,WANG Z,et al.Tensile plasticity in metallic glasses with pronouncedβrelaxations[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,108:015504.
[14]YU H B,SAMWER K,WU Y,et al.Correlation between beta relaxation and self-diffusion of the smallest constituting atoms in metallic glasses[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,109(9):095508.
[15]WANG Z,YU H B,WEN P,et al.Pronounced slowβ-relaxation in la-based bulk metallic glasses[J].Journal of Physics:Condensed Matter,2011,23(14):142202.
[16]ZHANG C H,HU L N,YUE Y Z,et al.Fragile-to-strong transition in metallic glass-forming liquids[J].Journal of Chemical Physics,2010,133:2627.
[17]ASHTEKAR S,SCOTT G,LYDING J,et al.Direct imaging of two-state dynamics on the amorphous silicon surface[J].Physical Review Letters,2011,106:235501.
[18]YU H B,BAI H Y,SAMWER K.Theβ-relaxation in metallic glasses[J].National Science Review,2014,1(3):429-461.
[19]QIAO J C,CHEN Y H,CASALINI R,et al.Mainα-relaxation and slowβ-relaxation processes in a La30Ce30AL15CO25metallic glass[J].Journal of Materials Science&Technology,2019,35(6):982-986.
[20]ZHAO Z F,WEN P,SHEN C H,et al.Measurements of slowβ-relaxations in metallic glasses and super cooled liquids[J].Physical Review B,2007,75:17420.
[21]WANG Z,WEN P,HUO L S.Signature of viscousflow unitsin apparentelasticregime of metallic glasses[J].Appl Phys Lett,2012,101(12):121906.
[22]WANG Q,PELLETIER J M,DONG Y D,et al.Structural relaxation and crystal lisation of bulk metallic glasses Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10-xBe22.5Fex(x=0 or 2)studied by mechanical spectroscopy[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2004,370(1-2):316-320.
[23]HABASAKI J,NGAI K L.Molecular dynamics simulation of ion dynamic singl assyionic conductors:evidence of the primitive ion hopping process[J].Journal of Non-Crystal line Solids,2006,352(42-49):5170-5177.
[24]JAMIL A,FAHEEM H,RIAZUDDIN.Contemporaryphysics[M].S.l.:World Scientific,2008:260.
[25]WANG Z,WEN P,HUO LS,et al.Signature of viscous flow units in apparent elastic regime of metallic glasses[J].Applied Physics Letters,2012,101(12):869.
[26]ICHITSUBO T,MATSUBARA E,Yamamoto T,et al.Microstructure of fragile metallic glasses inferred from ultrasoundaccelerated crystallization in pd-based metallic glasses[J].Physical Review Letters,2005,95:245501.
[27]YU H B,SAMWER K,WANG W H,et al.Chemical influence onβ-relaxations and the formation of molecule-like metallic glasses[J].Nature Communications,2013,4:2204.
[28]TAKEUCHI,AKIRA,INOUE,AKIHISA.Classification of bulk metallic glasses by atomic size difference,heat of mixing and period of constituent elements and its application to characterization of the main alloying element[J].Materials Transactions,2005,46(12):2817-2829.
[29]WANG W H.The elastic properties,elastic models and elastic perspectives of metallic glasses[J].Progress in Materials Science,2012,57(3):487-656.
[30]SHENG H W,MA E,KRAMER M J.Relating dynamic properties to atomic structure in metallic glasses[J].JOM,2012,64(7):856-881.
[31]PETER W H,LIAW P K,BUCHANAN R A,et al.Fatigue behavior of Zr52.5Al10Ti5Cu17.9Ni14.6bulk metallic glass[J].Intermetallics,2002,10(11-12):1125-1129.
[32]CHEN M W.Mechanical behavior of metallic glasses:microscopic understanding of strength and ductility[J].Annual Review of Materials Research,2008,38:445-469.
[33]THOMPSON C F.Progress in metal physics[J].Nature,1960,186:666-666.
[34]SPAEPEN F.A mcroscopic mechanism for steady state inhomogeneous flow in metallic glasses[J].Acta Metallurgica,1977,25(4):407-415.
[35]FOGLIA A J.Shear localization and shear instability in materials in the ductile field[J].Journal of structural Geology,1980,2(1-2):135-142.
[36]LUO P,WEN P,BAI HY,et al.Relaxation decoupling in metallic glasses at low temperatures[J].Physical Review Letters,2017,118(22):225901.
[37]JOHNSON W L,DEMETRIOU M D,HARMON J S,et al.Rheology and ultrasonic properties of metallic glass-forming liquids:apotential energy landscape perspective[J].MRS Bulletin,2007,32(8):644-650.
[38]HARMON J S,DEMETRIOU M D,JOHNSON W L,et al.Anelastic to plastic transition in metallic glass-forming liquids[J],Physical Review letters,2007,99(13):135502.
[39]JOHNSON W L,SAMWER K.A universal criterion for plastic yielding of metallic glasses with a(T/Tg)2/3 temperature dependence[J].Physical Review letters,2005,95:195501.
[40]RODNEY D,SCHUHC C.Distribution of thermally activated plastic events in a flowing glass[J].Physical Review Letters,2009,102(23):235503.
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