基于改进的像元二分模型估测郁闭度
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摘要
【目的】郁闭度是森林资源调查的一个重要因子,它不仅可以反映森林冠层的郁闭程度和树木利用空间的程度,并且能够指示林分密度。遥感为区域和全球尺度精确估测郁闭度提供了前所未有的契机,使得大面积郁闭度监测制图成为可能。本文旨在利用资源三号卫星影像数据结合模型对区域尺度上落叶松林进行郁闭度估测。【方法】以黑龙江省佳木斯市桦南县孟家岗林场落叶松人工林为研究对象,首先采用像元二分模型对植被覆盖度进行估算,通过探寻植被覆盖度与郁闭度的关系,对像元二分模型进行改进,通过计算不同累积频率归一化植被指数(NDVI)的值作为模型参数,对比不同参数取值时模型拟合效果得到最优模型,并利用模型估测郁闭度。【结果】拟合结果表明,2%累积频率下模型拟合效果最好,模型R~2为0.838,RMSE为0.045,最后利用该模型得出孟家岗林场落叶松人工林郁闭度分布图。【结论】利用改进的像元二分模型可以较为准确地估测郁闭度。本研究对探索我国北方落叶松人工林郁闭度遥感估测提供了更有效的途径,同时也为森林资源和参数的调查提供一定的参考依据。
[Objective] The canopy closure is an important factor in forest resource investigation. It can not only reflect the closure degree of forest canopy, the degree of forest using space, but also indicate the density of the forest. Remote sensing provides an unprecedented opportunity for accurate estimation of canopy closure at regional and global scales, making it possible to monitor and map large area canopy closure. This study aims to estimate canopy closure of Larix gmelini on regional scale through the ZY-3. [Method] In this study, Larix gmelini in Mengjiagang of Huanan County, Jiamusi City of Heilongjiang Province,northeastern China was taken as the research object. Firstly, dimidiate pixel model was used to estimate vegetation coverage. By exploring the relationship between vegetation coverage and canopy closure, the dimidiate pixel model was improved. The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was calculated by calculating the cumulative frequency as model parameters. The optimal model was obtained by comparing the model fitting effect of different parameters, and the canopy closure was estimated by the optimal model.[Result] The fitting results showed that the fitting effect of 2% cumulative frequency was the best, with R~2 was 0.838 and RMSE was 0.045. Finally, the model was used to obtain the distribution map of the canopy closure of Larix gmelini in Mengjiagang. [Conclusion] The results show that improved dimidiate pixel model can get accurate estimation of canopy closure. This study provides a more effective way to estimate the canopy closure of Larix gmelini in the north of China, and also provides a reference for the investigation of forest resources and parameters.
[Objective] The canopy closure is an important factor in forest resource investigation. It can not only reflect the closure degree of forest canopy, the degree of forest using space, but also indicate the density of the forest. Remote sensing provides an unprecedented opportunity for accurate estimation of canopy closure at regional and global scales, making it possible to monitor and map large area canopy closure. This study aims to estimate canopy closure of Larix gmelini on regional scale through the ZY-3. [Method] In this study, Larix gmelini in Mengjiagang of Huanan County, Jiamusi City of Heilongjiang Province,northeastern China was taken as the research object. Firstly, dimidiate pixel model was used to estimate vegetation coverage. By exploring the relationship between vegetation coverage and canopy closure, the dimidiate pixel model was improved. The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was calculated by calculating the cumulative frequency as model parameters. The optimal model was obtained by comparing the model fitting effect of different parameters, and the canopy closure was estimated by the optimal model.[Result] The fitting results showed that the fitting effect of 2% cumulative frequency was the best, with R~2 was 0.838 and RMSE was 0.045. Finally, the model was used to obtain the distribution map of the canopy closure of Larix gmelini in Mengjiagang. [Conclusion] The results show that improved dimidiate pixel model can get accurate estimation of canopy closure. This study provides a more effective way to estimate the canopy closure of Larix gmelini in the north of China, and also provides a reference for the investigation of forest resources and parameters.
引文
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[16]刘玉安,黄波,程涛,等.基于像元二分模型的淮河上游植被覆盖度遥感研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(1):93-97,267.Liu Y A,Huang B,Cheng T,et al.Vegetation coverage in upper Huaihe River Basin based on binary pixel model of remote sensing[J].Bulletion of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,32(1):93-97,267.
[17]陈妍,宋豫秦,王伟.基于随机森林回归的草场植被盖度反演模型研究:以新疆阿勒泰地区布尔津县为例[J].生态学报,2018,38(7):2384-2394.Chen Y,Song Y Q,Wang W.Grassland vegetation cover inversion model based on random forest regression:a case study in Burqin County,Altay,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(7):2384-2394.
[18]Li X B,Chen Y H,Chen Z J,et al.Estimating vegetation fractional coverage of steppe based on multi-spatial resolution remotely sensed images[C]//IEEE International symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.Denver:IEEE,2006.
[19]汤旭光.基于激光雷达与多光谱遥感数据的森林地上生物量反演研究[D].沈阳:中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,2013.Tang X G.Estimation of forest aboveground biomass by integrating ICESat/GLAS waveform and TM date[D].Shenyang:Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013.
[20]陈文灿.郁闭度模型的建立及应用[J].华东森林经理,2015,29(2):63-65.Chen W C.Establishment and application of canopy closure model[J].East China Forest Management,2015,29(2):63-65.
[21]国家林业局.森林资源规划设计调查技术规程:GB/T 26424-2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.State Forestry Administration.Technical regulations for inventory for forest management planning and design:GB/T 26424-2010[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2010.
[22]邹杰,诸葛祥东.森林郁闭度及其测定方法[J].黑龙江科技信息,2011(35):290.Zou J,Zhuge X D.Forest canopy closure and its measuring methods[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2011(35):290.
[2]Jennings S B.Assessing forest canopies and understorey illumination:canopy closure,canopy cover and other measures[J].Forestry:an International Journal of Forest Research,1999,72(1):59-74.
[3]Ruiliang P U,Gong P.Wavelet transform applied to EO-1hyperspectral data for forest LAI and crown closure mapping[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,91(2):212-224.
[4]Korhonen L,Korhonen K T,Rautiain M,et al.Estimation of forest canopy cover:a comparison of field measurement techniques[J].Silva Fennica,2006,40(4):577-588.
[5]Stumpf K A.The estimation of forest vegetation cover descriptions using a vertical densitometer[J/OL].Society of American Foresters Convention,1994.[2018-06-02].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237510073.
[6]North P R J.Estimation of f APAR,LAI,and vegetation fractional cover from ATSR-2 imagery[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2002,80(1):114-121.
[7]刘大伟,孙国清,庞勇,等.利用Landsat TM数据对森林郁闭度进行遥感分级估测[J].遥感信息,2006,13(1):41-42,24.Liu D W,Sun G Q,Pang Y,et al.Estimation of forest closure using Landsat TM data[J].Remote Sensing Information,2006,13(1):41-42,24.
[8]杜晓明,蔡体久,琚存勇.采用偏最小二乘回归方法估测森林郁闭度[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):273-277.Du X M,Cai T J,Ju C Y.Estimation of forest canopy closure by using partial least square regression[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(2):273-277.
[9]郑冬梅,曾伟生,智长贵,等.三峡库区森林郁闭度的遥感定量估测[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(9):1-4,26.Zheng D M,Zeng W S,Zhi C G,et al.Remote sensing estimation of forest canopy closure in forests of Three Gorges Reservoir Region[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2013,33(9):1-4,26.
[10]谭炳香,李增元,陈尔学,等.Hyperion高光谱数据森林郁闭度定量估测研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(3):95-101.Tan B X,Li Z Y,Chen E X,et al.Estimating forest crown closure using Hyperion hyperspectral data[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2006,28(3):95-101.
[11]Armando A,Compagna L.SAT-based model-checking for security protocols analysis[J].International Journal of Information Security,2008,7(1):3-32.
[12]Gupta A.Formal hardware verification methods:a survey[J].Formal Methods in System Design,1992,1(2-3):151-238.
[13]吴瑶,秦凯伦.林龄对长白落叶松胸径生长的影响[J].林业科技,2016,41(6):8-11.Wu Y,Qin K L.Effects of forest age on DBH growth of Larix olgensis[J].Forestry Science&Technology,2016,41(6):8-11.
[14]郭孝玉.长白落叶松人工林树冠结构及生长模型研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.Guo X Y.Crown structure and growth model for Larix olgensis plantation[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2013.
[15]祁有祥,骆汉,赵廷宁.基于鱼眼镜头的林冠郁闭度简易测量方法[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(6):60-66.Qi Y X,Luo H,Zhao T N.Simplified approach to measure canopy closure based on fish lenses[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2009,31(6):60-66.
[16]刘玉安,黄波,程涛,等.基于像元二分模型的淮河上游植被覆盖度遥感研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(1):93-97,267.Liu Y A,Huang B,Cheng T,et al.Vegetation coverage in upper Huaihe River Basin based on binary pixel model of remote sensing[J].Bulletion of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,32(1):93-97,267.
[17]陈妍,宋豫秦,王伟.基于随机森林回归的草场植被盖度反演模型研究:以新疆阿勒泰地区布尔津县为例[J].生态学报,2018,38(7):2384-2394.Chen Y,Song Y Q,Wang W.Grassland vegetation cover inversion model based on random forest regression:a case study in Burqin County,Altay,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(7):2384-2394.
[18]Li X B,Chen Y H,Chen Z J,et al.Estimating vegetation fractional coverage of steppe based on multi-spatial resolution remotely sensed images[C]//IEEE International symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.Denver:IEEE,2006.
[19]汤旭光.基于激光雷达与多光谱遥感数据的森林地上生物量反演研究[D].沈阳:中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,2013.Tang X G.Estimation of forest aboveground biomass by integrating ICESat/GLAS waveform and TM date[D].Shenyang:Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013.
[20]陈文灿.郁闭度模型的建立及应用[J].华东森林经理,2015,29(2):63-65.Chen W C.Establishment and application of canopy closure model[J].East China Forest Management,2015,29(2):63-65.
[21]国家林业局.森林资源规划设计调查技术规程:GB/T 26424-2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.State Forestry Administration.Technical regulations for inventory for forest management planning and design:GB/T 26424-2010[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2010.
[22]邹杰,诸葛祥东.森林郁闭度及其测定方法[J].黑龙江科技信息,2011(35):290.Zou J,Zhuge X D.Forest canopy closure and its measuring methods[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2011(35):290.
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