2018年上海市金山区农村环境卫生监测结果
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摘要
目的了解上海市金山区农村居民生活环境的卫生现况,为相关的卫生行政部门制定农村环境卫生规划政策提供科学依据。方法 2018年7—8月在上海市金山区采用简单随机抽样的方法,随机抽取5个非城关乡镇,每个乡镇选取4个行政村作为监测点,每个监测点选取5个家庭作为入户调查对象,共计20个村100户居民,通过查阅资料、现场调查、实验室检测等方法获取本区域内农村居民的环境卫生现状。结果上海市金山区农业人口15.62万,占金山区总人口的29.91%,18个村内道路硬化,硬化率为90.00%;20个村均为集中式供水,覆盖率100%;20个村卫生厕所覆盖率100%;14个村设有公厕,占70.00%;20个村内生活垃圾均为统一收集处理,达到100%;11个村生活污水排放地点以处理厂为主,占55.00%;20个监测村灭"四害"工作覆盖率为100%。入户调查发现蟑螂成若虫阳性率为26.00%,居民厨房活卵鞘阳性率为8.00%,蟑迹阳性率为23.00%,鼠迹阳性率为18.00%,发现苍蝇的厨房占43.00%;蚊虫幼虫的容器指数为11.19%。农村校园环境卫生监测结果显示,10所学校集中供水率100.00%,卫生厕所覆盖率100.00%。结论上海市金山区农村居民的生活环境卫生总体状况良好,但是仍需加强病媒生物防治工作。
[Objective] To understand the hygienic status of the living environment of rural residents in Jinshan District of Shanghai,provide scientific basis for the relevant health administrative departments to formulate rural environmental health planning policies.[Methods]A simple random sampling method was adopted in Jinshan District of Shanghai in July-August2018. Five non-county townships were randomly selected,four administrative villages were selected as monitoring points in each township,five families were selected as household survey objects in each monitoring point,and a total of 100 households in 20 villages were surveyed. The Present situation of environmental hygiene of rural residents in this area was obtained by consulting data,on-site investigation and laboratory testing.[Results]Jinshan District had an agricultural population of 156 200,accounting for 29.91% of the total population of Jinshan District. Roads in 18 villages have been hardened,with a hardening rate of 90.00%.All 20 villages had centralized water supply with a coverage rate of 100%. The coverage rate of sanitary toilets in 20 villages was100%. 14 villages had public toilets,accounting for 70.00%. Domestic waste in 20 villages was collected and treated uniformly,reaching 100%. Treatment plants were the main domestic sewage discharge sites in 11 villages,accounting for 55.00%. The coverage rate of eliminating the "four pests" in 20 monitoring villages was 100%. The household survey found that the positive rate of cockroach nymphs was 26.00%,the positive rate of living egg sheath in resident kitchens was 8.00%,the positive rate of cockroach traces was 23.00%,the positive rate of rat traces was 18.00%,and the kitchen where flies were found was 43.00%. The container index of mosquito larvae was 11.19%. Monitoring results of environmental sanitation in rural schools showed that the centralized water supply rate in ten schools was100.00%,and the coverage rate of sanitary toilets was 100.00%.[Conclusion]The living environment and sanitation of rural residents in Jinshan District of Shanghai are in good condition,but there is still a need to strengthen the prevention and control of vector organisms.
[Objective] To understand the hygienic status of the living environment of rural residents in Jinshan District of Shanghai,provide scientific basis for the relevant health administrative departments to formulate rural environmental health planning policies.[Methods]A simple random sampling method was adopted in Jinshan District of Shanghai in July-August2018. Five non-county townships were randomly selected,four administrative villages were selected as monitoring points in each township,five families were selected as household survey objects in each monitoring point,and a total of 100 households in 20 villages were surveyed. The Present situation of environmental hygiene of rural residents in this area was obtained by consulting data,on-site investigation and laboratory testing.[Results]Jinshan District had an agricultural population of 156 200,accounting for 29.91% of the total population of Jinshan District. Roads in 18 villages have been hardened,with a hardening rate of 90.00%.All 20 villages had centralized water supply with a coverage rate of 100%. The coverage rate of sanitary toilets in 20 villages was100%. 14 villages had public toilets,accounting for 70.00%. Domestic waste in 20 villages was collected and treated uniformly,reaching 100%. Treatment plants were the main domestic sewage discharge sites in 11 villages,accounting for 55.00%. The coverage rate of eliminating the "four pests" in 20 monitoring villages was 100%. The household survey found that the positive rate of cockroach nymphs was 26.00%,the positive rate of living egg sheath in resident kitchens was 8.00%,the positive rate of cockroach traces was 23.00%,the positive rate of rat traces was 18.00%,and the kitchen where flies were found was 43.00%. The container index of mosquito larvae was 11.19%. Monitoring results of environmental sanitation in rural schools showed that the centralized water supply rate in ten schools was100.00%,and the coverage rate of sanitary toilets was 100.00%.[Conclusion]The living environment and sanitation of rural residents in Jinshan District of Shanghai are in good condition,but there is still a need to strengthen the prevention and control of vector organisms.
引文
[1]许彭.农村环境污染的原因、防治措施及环境监测方案探讨[J].环境与发展,2018,30(4):91-93.
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[3]王占生.饮用水卫生与管理[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:15-23.
[4]李国钰.探究农村生活饮用水和环境卫生与介水传染病的相关性[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2017,17(28):183-187.
[5]杨穆杰.我国农村生活污水治理问题及对策研究[J].现代盐化工,2018,45(3):41-42.
[6]李丹,陈冠益,马文超,等.中国村镇生活垃圾特性及处理现状[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(11):4187-4197.
[7]刘利.生态视角下我国农村环境卫生的长效治理探析[J].中国农村卫生事业管理,2016,36(12):1497-1500.
[8]王恺,林在生,詹小海,等.主成分分析法在农村环境卫生质量综合评价中的应用[J].预防医学论坛,2016,22(6):413-416,421.
[9]张海峰.农村部分区域环境卫生整治面临的问题及建议[J].乡村科技,2016(36):72-73.
[10]吴振华,高莉娟,傅李琦.农村环境卫生治理的实践与思考[J].中国国情国力,2018(10):35-36.
[11]刘丽颖,张荣.饮用水消毒副产物成因及控制措施[J].中国公共卫生,2012,28(5):707-709.
[12]张岚,陈昌杰,陈亚妍.我国生活饮用水卫生标准[J].中国公共卫生,2007,23(11):1281-1282.
[13]王建,邱烨静,费娟,等.上海市奉贤区农村环境卫生监测结果[J].职业与健康,2017,33(14):1963-1966.
[14]王利.2016年重庆市江津区农村环境卫生监测结果[J].职业与健康,2018,34(6):835-838.
[15]张海蕾,方家阳.2016年台州市农村地区环境卫生现状[J].上海预防医学,2018,30(9):764-768.
[16]吴和岩,肖伟华,陆广智.2011—2016年广东省农村环境卫生状况调查[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(15):2713-2718.
[17]宋秋坤.2013—2017年平顶山市农村地区环境卫生状况调查分析[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(17):3102-3106.
[18]张路钱,俞龑韬,江松,等.上海市松江区农村环境卫生状况调查[J].职业与健康,2018,34(15):2106-2109,2112.
[19]李馥程,孙继东,赵艳华,等.2011年北京市怀柔区农村环境卫生现状调查[J].职业与健康,2012,28(19):2395-2396.
[20]赵爱华,马德珍.泰安市农村中小学校环境卫生及常见病调查[J].中国校医,2018,32(6):409-412.
[21]沈利明,陈晖,钱晨颖.西湖区中小学校饮用水微生物污染情况调查[J].预防医学,2018,30(1):96-97.
[22]王晓倩,李勤,庄金霞.潍坊市农村学校环境卫生状况调查与分析[J].中国城乡企业卫生,2018,33(1):151-152.
[2]杨克敌.环境卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:8-15.
[3]王占生.饮用水卫生与管理[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:15-23.
[4]李国钰.探究农村生活饮用水和环境卫生与介水传染病的相关性[J].世界最新医学信息文摘,2017,17(28):183-187.
[5]杨穆杰.我国农村生活污水治理问题及对策研究[J].现代盐化工,2018,45(3):41-42.
[6]李丹,陈冠益,马文超,等.中国村镇生活垃圾特性及处理现状[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(11):4187-4197.
[7]刘利.生态视角下我国农村环境卫生的长效治理探析[J].中国农村卫生事业管理,2016,36(12):1497-1500.
[8]王恺,林在生,詹小海,等.主成分分析法在农村环境卫生质量综合评价中的应用[J].预防医学论坛,2016,22(6):413-416,421.
[9]张海峰.农村部分区域环境卫生整治面临的问题及建议[J].乡村科技,2016(36):72-73.
[10]吴振华,高莉娟,傅李琦.农村环境卫生治理的实践与思考[J].中国国情国力,2018(10):35-36.
[11]刘丽颖,张荣.饮用水消毒副产物成因及控制措施[J].中国公共卫生,2012,28(5):707-709.
[12]张岚,陈昌杰,陈亚妍.我国生活饮用水卫生标准[J].中国公共卫生,2007,23(11):1281-1282.
[13]王建,邱烨静,费娟,等.上海市奉贤区农村环境卫生监测结果[J].职业与健康,2017,33(14):1963-1966.
[14]王利.2016年重庆市江津区农村环境卫生监测结果[J].职业与健康,2018,34(6):835-838.
[15]张海蕾,方家阳.2016年台州市农村地区环境卫生现状[J].上海预防医学,2018,30(9):764-768.
[16]吴和岩,肖伟华,陆广智.2011—2016年广东省农村环境卫生状况调查[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(15):2713-2718.
[17]宋秋坤.2013—2017年平顶山市农村地区环境卫生状况调查分析[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(17):3102-3106.
[18]张路钱,俞龑韬,江松,等.上海市松江区农村环境卫生状况调查[J].职业与健康,2018,34(15):2106-2109,2112.
[19]李馥程,孙继东,赵艳华,等.2011年北京市怀柔区农村环境卫生现状调查[J].职业与健康,2012,28(19):2395-2396.
[20]赵爱华,马德珍.泰安市农村中小学校环境卫生及常见病调查[J].中国校医,2018,32(6):409-412.
[21]沈利明,陈晖,钱晨颖.西湖区中小学校饮用水微生物污染情况调查[J].预防医学,2018,30(1):96-97.
[22]王晓倩,李勤,庄金霞.潍坊市农村学校环境卫生状况调查与分析[J].中国城乡企业卫生,2018,33(1):151-152.
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