山东武河人工湿地对磷净化的长效性及其内源磷分布与释放
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摘要
人工湿地运行的长效性值得关注,以山东省武河人工湿地为例,2017年10月选取10个和4个代表性采样点分别采集原位水样和柱状沉积物样,对该湿地正常运行10年后,其对水体磷的净化效果和沉积物磷的分布特征及其内源释放风险进行了研究。结果表明:武河人工湿地运行10年后,对水体磷仍具有较好的净化效果,净化效率在50%左右,出水口总磷(TP)浓度为0.29 mg L-1,符合地表水Ⅳ类水质标准。4个沉积物柱样均显示,沉积物各磷形态含量大小顺序为:无机磷(IP)>钙磷(Ca-P)>铁铝结合态磷(Fe/(Al-P)>不稳定态磷(LP)>有机磷(OP),IP含量最高,约占总磷的69%～95%,OP含量极低,与湿地来水息息相关;在IP中,沉积物Ca-P含量最高,表现为较为稳定的特性;空间分布上,不同点位各磷形态含量差异显著,进水口较近区域含量较高,垂向上,除Ca-P外,其他磷形态含量总体呈现随深度增加而减少的趋势,湿地来水影响明显。静态释放实验表明,湿地不同点位沉积物磷的内源释放速率差异明显,4个点位总磷的沉积物-水界面释放速率分别为-1.98、-9.32、-11.99和-8.65 mg m-2d-1,均以吸附为主,距离进水口较近区域,沉积物对磷的吸附能力有所降低,这对人工湿地的长期运行具有指导意义。相关性分析表明,除Ca-P外,沉积物其他磷形态同有机质(LOI)表现出较好相关性,沉积物磷形态和LOI来源相对一致,主要为临沂城区工业废水和生活污水的尾水,受农业面源污染的影响较小。
Long-term r unning effectiveness of the con structed wetlands is worthy of attention. Taking the Wuhe constructed wetland of Shandong Province as an example, ten in-situ water samples and four intack columnar sediment samples were collected in October, 2017. The removal effect of phosphorus(P) in the water body, and its distribution and endogenous release risk in the sediment were studied in the Wuhe constructed wetland for 10 years. The purification effect of P in the water body was better, with a removal rate of about 50%, and the concentration of total P(TP) in the outlet water was 0.29 mg L-1, which achieved the design goal of the Ⅳ standard of surface water quality.The content of P forms in the sediment decreased in the order of inorganic P(IP) > Ca-P > Fe/(Al-P) > labile P(LP)> organic P(OP), and the IP content accounted for about 69% to 95% of TP. The OP content was extremely low,which was closely linked with the inflow water of wetland. The content of Ca-P in the sediment was the highest and remained relatively stable. The significant difference was found in the P content among different points, and the P content was higher near the inlet area. The contents of P forms(except Ca-P) in the sediment decreased with the depths and were influenced obviously by the P content of the inflow water. Static release experiments showed that the P endogenous release rates in the sediment were significantly different among different points. The TP release rates were-1.98,-9.32,-11.99 and-8.65 mg m-2 d-1 in the four points, respectively, and it mainly was adsorbed. The P adsorption capacity in the sediment was reduced near the inlet area, which would show the guiding significance for long-term operation of constructed wetlands. The sediment P forms(except Ca-P) had significant correlations with organic matter(OM), which reflected that they had the similarly source mainly from the tail water of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage of Linyi, and less affected by agricultural non-point source pollution.
Long-term r unning effectiveness of the con structed wetlands is worthy of attention. Taking the Wuhe constructed wetland of Shandong Province as an example, ten in-situ water samples and four intack columnar sediment samples were collected in October, 2017. The removal effect of phosphorus(P) in the water body, and its distribution and endogenous release risk in the sediment were studied in the Wuhe constructed wetland for 10 years. The purification effect of P in the water body was better, with a removal rate of about 50%, and the concentration of total P(TP) in the outlet water was 0.29 mg L-1, which achieved the design goal of the Ⅳ standard of surface water quality.The content of P forms in the sediment decreased in the order of inorganic P(IP) > Ca-P > Fe/(Al-P) > labile P(LP)> organic P(OP), and the IP content accounted for about 69% to 95% of TP. The OP content was extremely low,which was closely linked with the inflow water of wetland. The content of Ca-P in the sediment was the highest and remained relatively stable. The significant difference was found in the P content among different points, and the P content was higher near the inlet area. The contents of P forms(except Ca-P) in the sediment decreased with the depths and were influenced obviously by the P content of the inflow water. Static release experiments showed that the P endogenous release rates in the sediment were significantly different among different points. The TP release rates were-1.98,-9.32,-11.99 and-8.65 mg m-2 d-1 in the four points, respectively, and it mainly was adsorbed. The P adsorption capacity in the sediment was reduced near the inlet area, which would show the guiding significance for long-term operation of constructed wetlands. The sediment P forms(except Ca-P) had significant correlations with organic matter(OM), which reflected that they had the similarly source mainly from the tail water of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage of Linyi, and less affected by agricultural non-point source pollution.
引文
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[20]张丁苓.鄱阳湖湿地土壤磷形态分布特征及吸附、释放特性研究[D].南昌:南昌大学, 2015.
[21] KASTELAN-MACAN M, PETROVIC M. The role of fulvic acids in phosphorus sorption and release from mineral particles[J]. Water Science&Technology, 1996, 34(7-8):259-265.
[22]何晓祺.丹江口水库淹没区淅川段土壤氮磷分布及释放影响因素研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学, 2010.
[2]邓辅唐,张石,李强,等.人工湿地技术处理河道污水[J].环境工程, 2006, 24(3):90-92.
[3]钟萍,李丽,李静媚,等.河流污染底泥的生态修复[J].生态科学, 2007, 26(2):181-185.
[4]黄雪娇,石纹豪,倪九派,等.紫色母岩覆盖层控制底泥磷释放的效果及机制[J].环境科学, 2016,(10):3835-3841.
[5] HAKULINEN R, K魧HK魻NEN M A, SALKINOJA-SALONEN M.Vertical distribution of sediment enzyme activities involved in the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur in three boreal rural lakes[J]. Water Research, 2005, 39(11):2319-2326.
[6]金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范(第二版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1990.
[7]王洪秀,袁佐栋,武周虎,等.武河人工湿地工程去除COD效果及WASP模型[J]. 2014,(11):69-72.
[8]刘静静,董春颖,宋英琦,等.杭州西湖北里湖沉积物氮磷内源静态释放的季节变化及通量估算[J].生态学报, 2012, 32(24):7932-7939.
[9]王志齐,李宝,胡向辉,等.南4湖沉积物氮磷和有机质分布特征及其相关性分析[J].土壤通报, 2013, 44(4):867-874.
[10]梁威.杭州湾滨海湿地磷素迁移转化特征及净化功能[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院, 2012.
[11]张欢.人工湿地对生活污水的净化研究及影响因素分析[D].邯郸:河北工程大学, 2015.
[12]郭海涛.长寿湖中磷形态的季节变化和沉积物磷释放的模拟研究[D].重庆:西南大学, 2011.
[13]张志,周瑞清,郭博书.乌兰布和沙漠与黄河沉积物磷的形态分析[J].内蒙古石油化工, 2007, 33(1):1-4.
[14]李宝,王志奇,王千锁,等.山东省南4湖夏冬季沉积物及间隙水中磷分布特征及其相关性[J].应用生态学报, 2013, 24(6):1699-1706.
[15]金晓丹.水体和表层沉积物不同形态磷分布及其迁移转化[D].上海:上海交通大学, 2014.
[16]王琦.浅水湖泊沉积物磷释放的生物学机制研究[D].杨陵:西北农林科技大学, 2006.
[17]柴蓓蓓.水源水库沉积物多相界面污染物迁移转化与污染控制研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学, 2012.
[18]李伟,南新元.基于改进ABC的LSSVM氧化还原电位预测研究[J].计算机测量与控制, 2014, 22(12):3915-3918.
[19]杨静.东洞庭湖底泥中磷的释放特性及其原位控制技术试验研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学, 2010.
[20]张丁苓.鄱阳湖湿地土壤磷形态分布特征及吸附、释放特性研究[D].南昌:南昌大学, 2015.
[21] KASTELAN-MACAN M, PETROVIC M. The role of fulvic acids in phosphorus sorption and release from mineral particles[J]. Water Science&Technology, 1996, 34(7-8):259-265.
[22]何晓祺.丹江口水库淹没区淅川段土壤氮磷分布及释放影响因素研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学, 2010.
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