改良剂连续施用对农田水稻Cd吸收的影响
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摘要
通过连续2a田间试验,研究了在Cd重度污染土壤上施用有机肥、石灰、石灰与有机肥配施1a后,第2a连续施用和不再施用改良剂对稻田土壤有效态Cd含量和水稻Cd吸收的影响.结果表明,有机肥、石灰单施及石灰与有机肥配施均能显著提高稻田土壤pH值,降低土壤中有效态Cd含量和水稻各部位Cd含量,第1a有机肥、石灰、石灰与有机肥配施处理的糙米中Cd含量较对照分别显著降低35.9%、69.2%和65.4%.与对照相比,第2a连续施用有机肥、石灰及石灰与有机肥配施处理下,稻田土壤pH值分别显著升高0.27、0.57和1.05个单位,土壤有效态Cd分别显著降低26.6%、29.7%和59.4%;糙米中Cd含量较对照分别显著降低63.1%、79.5%和83.6%,其中,第2a连续石灰与有机肥配施处理下糙米中Cd含量为0.20mg/kg,达到《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB2762-2017)中糙米限量值.第2a不再施用有机肥、石灰及石灰与有机肥配施处理的糙米中Cd含量较对照分别显著降低49.2%、69.7%和75.4%.双因素方差分析结果表明其值与连续施用改良剂的处理无显著性差异.上述结果表明,石灰与有机肥配施可有效降低污染稻田土壤中有效态Cd含量和水稻Cd含量,施加后一年内可不施或减少改良剂施用量.
A two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic fertilizer and lime on remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soil. The application strategies of the soil amendments including continuous application and application only in the first year were compared. The results showed that the individual or combined application of organic fertilizer and lime both increased significantly pH and available Cd contents in the soil as well as Cd contents in different parts of the planted rice. The Cd contents of brown rice in the first year were reduced significantly by 35.9%, 69.2%, and 65.4% compared with the control,respectively. Under the continuous application strategy, the soil pH significantly increased by 0.27, 0.57 and 1.05 units respectively,the contents of available Cd in the soils decreased by 26.6%, 29.7% and 59.4% respectively and the rice Cd concentrations decreased significantly by 63.1%, 79.5% and 83.6%, respectively. Especially under continuous application of both organic fertilizer and lime,the rice Cd contents was 0.20mg/kg which had reached the National Standard of Pollutant in Food of China(GB 2762～2017). Under the strategy of application only in the first year, the Cd contents in the brown rice reduced significantly by 49.2%, 69.7% and 75.4%,respectively. The two-way ANOVA suggested no significant difference between the two strategies of continuous application and application only in the first year. The results indicated that the application of organic fertilizer and lime can effectively reduce the contents of available Cd in soil and Cd in rice, and the remediation effects can lasts two years without significant reduction after the first application.
A two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic fertilizer and lime on remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soil. The application strategies of the soil amendments including continuous application and application only in the first year were compared. The results showed that the individual or combined application of organic fertilizer and lime both increased significantly pH and available Cd contents in the soil as well as Cd contents in different parts of the planted rice. The Cd contents of brown rice in the first year were reduced significantly by 35.9%, 69.2%, and 65.4% compared with the control,respectively. Under the continuous application strategy, the soil pH significantly increased by 0.27, 0.57 and 1.05 units respectively,the contents of available Cd in the soils decreased by 26.6%, 29.7% and 59.4% respectively and the rice Cd concentrations decreased significantly by 63.1%, 79.5% and 83.6%, respectively. Especially under continuous application of both organic fertilizer and lime,the rice Cd contents was 0.20mg/kg which had reached the National Standard of Pollutant in Food of China(GB 2762～2017). Under the strategy of application only in the first year, the Cd contents in the brown rice reduced significantly by 49.2%, 69.7% and 75.4%,respectively. The two-way ANOVA suggested no significant difference between the two strategies of continuous application and application only in the first year. The results indicated that the application of organic fertilizer and lime can effectively reduce the contents of available Cd in soil and Cd in rice, and the remediation effects can lasts two years without significant reduction after the first application.
引文
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[3]曾鹏,郭朝晖,肖细元,等.构树修复对重金属污染土壤环境质量的影响[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(7):2639-2645.Zeng P,Guo Z H,Xiao X Y,et al.Effect of phytoremediation with Broussonetiapapyrifera on the biological quality in soil contaminated with heavy metals[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(7):2639-2645.
[4]Garau G,Castaldi P,Santona L,et al.Influence of red mud,zeolite and lime on heavy metal immobilization,culturable heterotrophic microbial populations and enzyme activities in a contaminated soil[J].Geoderma,2007,142(1):47-57.
[5]Seshadri B,Bolan N S,Choppala G,et al.Potential value of phosphate compounds in enhancing immobilization and reducing bioavailability of mixed heavy metal contaminants in shooting range soil[J].Chemosphere,2017,184:197-206.
[6]Sanderson P,Naidu R,Bolan N.The effect of environmental conditions and soil physicochemistry on phosphate stabilisation of Pb in shooting range soils[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,170:123-130.
[7]辜娇峰,周航,吴玉俊,等.复合改良剂对稻田Cd、As活性与累积的协同调控[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):206-214.Gu J F,Zhou H,Wu Yu J,et al.Synergistic control of combined amendment on bioavailability and accumulation of Cd and As in rice paddy soil[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):206-214.
[8]李平,王兴祥,郎漫,等.改良剂对Cu、Cd污染土壤重金属形态转化的影响[J].中国环境科学,2012,36(7):1241-1249.Li P,Wang X X,Lang M,et al.Effects of amendments on the fraction transform of heavy metals in soil contaminated by copper and cadmium[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(7):1241-1249.
[9]Zhu H H,Chen C,Xu C,et al.Effects of soil acidification and liming on the phytoavailability of cadmium in paddy soils of central subtropical China[J].Environmental Pollution.2016,219:99-106.
[10]Lahori H L,Zhang Z Q,Guo Z Y,et al.Potential use of lime combined with additives on(im)mobilization and phytoavailability of heavy metals from Pb/Zn smelt[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2017,145(1):313.
[11]史磊,郭朝晖,彭驰,等.石灰组配土壤改良剂抑制污染农田水稻镉吸收[J].农业工程学报,2018,(11):207-216.Shi L,Guo Z H,Peng C,et al.Lime based amendments inhibiting uptake of cadmium in rice planted in contaminated soils[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,(11):207-216.
[12]陈远其,张煜,陈国梁.石灰对土壤重金属污染修复研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(8):1419-1424.Chen Y Q,Zhang Y,Chen G L.Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils by Lime:A Review[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences.2016,25(8):1419-1424.
[13]Yin B K,Zhou L Q,Yin B,et al.Effects of organic amendments on rice(Oryza sativa L.)growth and uptake of heavy metals in contaminated soil[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2016,16(2):537-546.
[14]Ning C C,Gao P D,Wang B Q,et al.Impacts of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic amendments supplementation on soil nutrient,enzyme activity and heavy metal content[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2017,16(8):1819-1831.
[15]Meier S,Curaqueo G,Khan N,et al.Chicken-manure-derived biochar reduced bioavailability of copper in a contaminated soil[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2017,17(3):741-750.
[16]曾黎明,王少静,宁琳,等.生物有机肥与石灰对土壤肥力和木薯产量质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(15):212-216.Zeng L M,Wang S J,Ning L,et al.Effects of Bioorganic Fertilizer and Lime on Soil Fertility,Yield and Quality of Cassava[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(15):212-216.
[17]郭婷,张迪,谢晓伟,等.石灰配施生物有机肥对连作大蒜品质及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2018,(6):42-46.Guo T,Zhang D,Xie X W,et al.Effect of lime combined with bio-organic fertilizer on quality and yield of continuous cropping garlic[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,(6):42-46.
[18]Pandit T K,Naik S K,Patra P K.Influence of lime and organic matter on the mobility of cadmium in cadmium-contaminated soil in relation to nutrition of spinach[j].Journal of soil contamination,2012,4(21):419-433.
[19]Zhou H,Zhou X,Zeng M,et al.Effects of combined amendments on heavy metal accumulation in rice(Oryza sativa L.)planted on contaminated paddy soil[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2014,101(1):226-232.
[20]黎秋君,黎大荣,王英辉,等.3种有机物料对土壤理化性质和重金属有效态的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(6):182-185.Li Q J,Li D R,Wang Y H,et al.Effects of three kinds of organic materials on physicochemical properties and available heavy metals in soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(6):182-185.
[21]周航,周歆,曾敏,等.2种组配改良剂对稻田土壤重金属有效性的效果[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(2):437-444.Zhou H,Zhou X,Zeng M,et al.Effects of two combined amendments on heavy metal bioaccumulation in paddy soil.[J].China Environmental Science.2014,34(2):437-444.
[22]Wu Y J,Zhou H,Zou Z J,et al.A three-year in-situ study on the persistence of a combined amendment(limestone+sepiolite)for remedying paddy soil polluted with heavy metals[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,130:163-170.
[23]He Y B,Huang D Y,Zhu Q H,et al.A three-season field study on the in-situ remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soil using lime,two industrial by-products,and a low-Cd-accumulation rice cultivar[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2017,136:135-141.
[24]崔红标,范玉超,周静,等.改良剂对土壤铜镉有效性和微生物群落结构的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):197-205.Cui H B,Fan Y C,Zhou J,et al.Availability of soil Cu and Cd and microbial community structure as affected by applications of amendments[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):197-205.
[25]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:1-638.Lu R K.Analytical methods of soil agricultural chemistry[M].Beijing:Agriculture Science and Technology Press,2000:1-638.
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