母代环境升温对菹草石芽形态、碳氮元素含量及子代萌发过程的影响
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摘要
母代环境的影响在水生植物生活史以及子代生长特征方面扮演十分重要的作用。因此,了解母代环境的影响将有助于预测水生植物生活史特征对未来气候变暖的响应机制。研究以菹草(Potamogeton crispus)为研究对象,采用实验生态学手段,通过设置了3种不同升温模式,研究母代不同升温模式环境下产生的菹草石芽在形态、化学计量学特征及萌发等方面的变化特征。研究结果表明:不同的升温模式对菹草产生的石芽湿重无显著影响,但是较高幅度的升温显著促进了石芽长度和宽度的增加;石芽的化学计量学特征表明,母代高幅度的升温会导致菹草石芽总N含量显著升高,同时C/N比显著下降;母代升温环境对菹草石芽的萌发速率及幼苗生长有一定程度的促进作用。综上所述,菹草母代环境温度的升高显著影响了石芽的形态、化学计量学特征及萌发情况。
Potamogeton crispus plays an important role in maintaining the balance of lake ecosystem in winter-early spring. Maternal environment can influence life-history and offspring performance traits of aquatic plant. Understanding maternal environmental effects could predict the response mechanism of aquatic plant life-history traits to climate warming. In this study, P. crispus was used to explore the response to warming with three heated modes by investigating morphology, stoichiometry and early germination strategy of turions. We found that warming had no effect on turion wet weight, but extreme warming significantly increased turion length and width. The results of stoichiometry indicate that maternal extreme warming significantly increased N concentrations in turions, but significantly decreased C:N ratio. And maternal warming accelerated the germination of turions and seedling growth. In summary, maternal warming significantly affected turion morphology, stoichiometry and germination.
Potamogeton crispus plays an important role in maintaining the balance of lake ecosystem in winter-early spring. Maternal environment can influence life-history and offspring performance traits of aquatic plant. Understanding maternal environmental effects could predict the response mechanism of aquatic plant life-history traits to climate warming. In this study, P. crispus was used to explore the response to warming with three heated modes by investigating morphology, stoichiometry and early germination strategy of turions. We found that warming had no effect on turion wet weight, but extreme warming significantly increased turion length and width. The results of stoichiometry indicate that maternal extreme warming significantly increased N concentrations in turions, but significantly decreased C:N ratio. And maternal warming accelerated the germination of turions and seedling growth. In summary, maternal warming significantly affected turion morphology, stoichiometry and germination.
引文
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[23]Cao Y,Neifé,Li W,et al.Heat wave effects on biomass and vegetative growth of macrophytes after long-term adaptation to different temperatures:a mesocosm study[J].Climate Research,2015,66(66):265-274
[24]Silveira M J,Thiébaut G.Impact of climate warming on plant growth varied according to the season[J].Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters,2017,65:4-9
[25]Sardans J,Pe?Uuelas J,Estiarte M,et al.Warming and drought alter C and N concentration,allocation and accumulation in a Mediterranean shrubland[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(10):2304-2316
[26]And D A R,Wulff R D.Maternal effects in plants[J].Annual Review of Ecology&Systematics,1987,18(1):209-235
[27]Galloway L F,Etterson J R.Transgenerational plasticity is adaptive in the wild[J].Science,2007,318(5853):1134-1136
[28]Latzel V,Klime?ováJ.Transgenerational plasticity in clonal plants[J].Evolutionary Ecology,2010,24(6):1537-1543
[29]Latzel V,Klime?ováJ.Year-to-year changes in expression of maternal effects in perennial plants[J].Basic&Applied Ecology,2010,11(8):702-708
[30]Dyer A R,Brown C S,Espeland E K,et al.The role of adaptive trans-generational plasticity in biological invasions of plants[J].Evolutionary Applications,2010,3(2):179-192
[31]Ren Z J,Qiao J R,Dong W,et al.Study on ecological habits of Potamogeton crispus and its growth in Jing-Mi Cannal,Beijing[J].Acta Scicentiarum Naturalum Universitis Pekinesis,1997,33(6):749-755[任久长,乔建荣,董巍,等.菹草(Potamogeton crispus)的生态习性和在京密引水渠的发生规律研究.北京大学学报:自然科学版,1997,33(6):749-755]
[2]Yu G,Liao M N,Li Y F.Responses of lake ecosystem to the climate changes of the past 1000 years-case study of dynamic simulations for ecosystem changes of Poyang lake[J].Quaternary Sciences,2013,33(6):1148-1159[于革,廖梦娜,李永飞.湖泊生态系统对过去1000年气候变化的响应研究--以鄱阳湖生态系统动力学模拟为例.第四纪研究,2013,33(6):1148-1159]
[3]Herman J J,Sultan S E.Adaptive transgenerational plasticity in plants:case studies,mechanisms,and implications for natural populations[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2011,2(12):102
[4]Zhang R,Gallagher R S,Shea K.Maternal warming affects early life stages of an invasive thistle[J].Plant Biology,2012,14(5):783-788
[5]Walter J,Harter D E V,Beierkuhnlein C,et al.Transgenerational effects of extreme weather:perennial plant offspring show modified germination,growth and stoichiometry[J].Journal of Ecology,2016,104(4):1032-1040
[6]Lundgren M R,Sultan S E.Seedling expression of crossgenerational plasticity depends on reproductive architecture[J].American Journal of Botany,2005,92(2):377-381
[7]Breen A N,Richards J H.Irrigation and fertilization effects on seed number,size,germination and seedling growth:implications for desert shrub establishment[J].Oecologia,2008,157(1):13-19
[8]Hovenden M J,Wills K E,Chaplin R E,et al.Warming and elevated CO2 affect the relationship between seed mass,germinability and seedling growth in Austrodanthonia caespitosa,a dominant Australian grass[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(7):1633-1641
[9]Li Y,Hou L Y,Song B,et al.Effects of increased nitrogen and phosphorus deposition on offspring performance of two dominant species in a temperate steppe ecosystem[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:40951
[10]Li Z Q,Lu W,Yang L,et al.Seed weight and germination behavior of the submerged plant potamogeton pectinatus in the arid zone of northwest China[J].Ecology and Evolution,2015,5(7):1504-1512
[11]Rogers K H,Breen C M.Growth and reproduction of Potamogeton crispus in a South African Lake[J].Journal of Ecology,1980,68(2):561-571
[12]Sastroutomo S S.Environmental control of turion formation in curly pondweed(Potamogeton crispus)[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1980,49(3):261-264
[13]Yan J H,Liu H L,Ge Q S,et al.Reconstruction and analysis of annual mean temperature of Wuhan for the1906-2015 period[J].Progress in Geography,2017,36(9):1176-1183[闫军辉,刘浩龙,葛全胜,等.1906-2015年武汉市温度变化序列重建与初步分析.地理科学进展,2017,36(9):1176-1183]
[14]Jian Y X,Li B,Wang J B,et al.Control of turion germination in Potamogeton crispus[J].Aquatic Botany,2003,75(1):59-69
[15]Wang J Q,Zheng Y F,Wang G X.Influences of Potamogeton crispus population on the lake water quality distribution[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2011,32(2):416-422[王锦旗,郑有飞,王国祥.菹草种群对湖泊水质空间分布的影响.环境科学,2011,32(2):416-422]
[16]Lin Q W,Yang P Y,Gao W,et al.Effect factors of Potamogeton crispus clint germination and its periodic biological accumulated temperature[J].Journal of Henan Normal University(Nature Science Edition),2015,43(2):107-112[蔺庆伟,杨佩昀,高伟,等.菹草石芽萌发影响因子及其阶段性生物学积温研究.河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(2):107-112]
[17]Wang J Q,Liu Y,Xue Y,et al.Effect of ultraviolet radiation on phenotypic plasticity and turion of Potamogeton crispus[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(18):5975-5983[王锦旗,刘燕,薛艳,等.紫外辐射对菹草成株生理特性的影响.生态学报,2015,35(18):5975-5983]
[18]Zhang P Y,Bakker E S,Zhang M,et al.Effects of warming on Potamogeton crispus growth and tissue stoichiometry in the growing season[J].Aquatic Botany,2016,128:13-17
[19]Stanton M L.Seed variation in wild radish:effect of seed size on components of seedling and adult fitness[J].Ecology,1984,65(4):1105-1112
[20]Howe H F,Richter W M.Effects of seed size on seedling size in Virola surinamensis;a within and between tree analysis[J].Oecologia,1982,53(3):347-351
[21]Barrett S C H,Eckert C G,Husband B C.Evolutionary processes in aquatic plant populations[J].Aquatic Botany,1993,44(2-3):105-145
[22]Li W.Environmental opportunities and constraints in the reproduction and dispersal of aquatic plants[J].Aquatic Botany,2014,118:62-70
[23]Cao Y,Neifé,Li W,et al.Heat wave effects on biomass and vegetative growth of macrophytes after long-term adaptation to different temperatures:a mesocosm study[J].Climate Research,2015,66(66):265-274
[24]Silveira M J,Thiébaut G.Impact of climate warming on plant growth varied according to the season[J].Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters,2017,65:4-9
[25]Sardans J,Pe?Uuelas J,Estiarte M,et al.Warming and drought alter C and N concentration,allocation and accumulation in a Mediterranean shrubland[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(10):2304-2316
[26]And D A R,Wulff R D.Maternal effects in plants[J].Annual Review of Ecology&Systematics,1987,18(1):209-235
[27]Galloway L F,Etterson J R.Transgenerational plasticity is adaptive in the wild[J].Science,2007,318(5853):1134-1136
[28]Latzel V,Klime?ováJ.Transgenerational plasticity in clonal plants[J].Evolutionary Ecology,2010,24(6):1537-1543
[29]Latzel V,Klime?ováJ.Year-to-year changes in expression of maternal effects in perennial plants[J].Basic&Applied Ecology,2010,11(8):702-708
[30]Dyer A R,Brown C S,Espeland E K,et al.The role of adaptive trans-generational plasticity in biological invasions of plants[J].Evolutionary Applications,2010,3(2):179-192
[31]Ren Z J,Qiao J R,Dong W,et al.Study on ecological habits of Potamogeton crispus and its growth in Jing-Mi Cannal,Beijing[J].Acta Scicentiarum Naturalum Universitis Pekinesis,1997,33(6):749-755[任久长,乔建荣,董巍,等.菹草(Potamogeton crispus)的生态习性和在京密引水渠的发生规律研究.北京大学学报:自然科学版,1997,33(6):749-755]
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