乌东德水电站开建以来坝区暴雨的统计研究
|
摘要
对乌东德水电站开建以来坝区暴雨及伴随的短时强降水时空分布进行统计研究,并划分出暴雨天气概念模型。结果表明:乌东德水电站开建以来坝区共出现18个暴雨日,平均3.0个/a,暴雨自6月上旬开始出现,到10月上旬结束,出现暴雨最多的季节是夏季,多为范围小的局地性暴雨出现。暴雨日数、年平均降水量、20～30mm·h~(-1)及≥20mm·h~(-1)的短时强降水的空间分布均呈现"西北多东南少"的特征。20～30mm·h~(-1)的短时强降水发生频次最多(占63.6%),其次为30～40mm·h~(-1)(占27.3%),40～50mm·h~(-1)最少(仅占9.1%)。短时强降水及不同等级短时强降水均表现为夜间高发、白天低发的日变化特征。总结归纳出切变冷锋型8次(占44.4%)、两高辐合型4次(占22.2%)、西南涡型2次(占11.1%)、孟加拉湾风暴型2次(占11.1%)、切变线型1次(占5.6%)和高空槽型1次(占5.6%)六类暴雨天气概念模型。
The temporal and spatial distribution of heavy rain and accompanying short time severe rainfall were statistically studied in the dam area since the construction of Wudongde Hydropower Station, and the conceptual model of heavy rain weather was divided. The results are as follows. Since the construction of Wudongde Hydropower Station, there have been 18 heavy rain days in the dam area, with an average of 3.0/a. The heavy rain started in early June and ended in early October. The season with the most heavy rain is summer. Most of them are local heavy rain with a small range. The spatial distribution of heavy rain days, annual average precipitation, short time severe rainfall of 20～30 mm·h~(-1) and greater than or equal to 20 mm·h~(-1 )is characterized by "less northeast and more southeast". The short time severe rainfall of 20～30 mm·h~(-1) occurred most frequently(63.6%), followed by 30～40 mm·h~(-1)(27.3%), and 40～50 mm·h~(-1) was the least(only 9.1%). The daily distribution of short time severe rainfall and short time severe rainfall of different grades is characterized by high incidence at night and low incidence during the day. Six conceptual models of heavy rain were concluded, including shear and cold front type 8 times(44.4%), two high convergence type 4 times(22.2%), southwest vortex type 2 times(11.1%), cyclonic storm over the Bay of Bengal type 2 times(11.1%), shear line type 1 times(5.6%) and upper trough type 1 times(5.6%).
The temporal and spatial distribution of heavy rain and accompanying short time severe rainfall were statistically studied in the dam area since the construction of Wudongde Hydropower Station, and the conceptual model of heavy rain weather was divided. The results are as follows. Since the construction of Wudongde Hydropower Station, there have been 18 heavy rain days in the dam area, with an average of 3.0/a. The heavy rain started in early June and ended in early October. The season with the most heavy rain is summer. Most of them are local heavy rain with a small range. The spatial distribution of heavy rain days, annual average precipitation, short time severe rainfall of 20～30 mm·h~(-1) and greater than or equal to 20 mm·h~(-1 )is characterized by "less northeast and more southeast". The short time severe rainfall of 20～30 mm·h~(-1) occurred most frequently(63.6%), followed by 30～40 mm·h~(-1)(27.3%), and 40～50 mm·h~(-1) was the least(only 9.1%). The daily distribution of short time severe rainfall and short time severe rainfall of different grades is characterized by high incidence at night and low incidence during the day. Six conceptual models of heavy rain were concluded, including shear and cold front type 8 times(44.4%), two high convergence type 4 times(22.2%), southwest vortex type 2 times(11.1%), cyclonic storm over the Bay of Bengal type 2 times(11.1%), shear line type 1 times(5.6%) and upper trough type 1 times(5.6%).
引文
[1] 林建,杨贵名.近30年中国暴雨时空特征分析 [J].气象,2014,40(7):816-826
[2] 邵建,裴晓蓉,刘娟,等.近53a宁夏暴雨时空分布特征[J].干旱气象,2015,33(4):595-601
[3] 黄鹤,杨超,于雷,等.1958—2012年来河北汛期暴雨气候变化特征分析 [J].气象与环境学报,2015,31(2):44-50
[4] 韩桂明,翟盘茂.1961-2008年京津冀地区暴雨的气候变化特征分析 [J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(4):25-31
[5] 杨明,宫宇,吴晓娜,等.安徽省夏季暴雨时空分布特征的成因分析 [J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(2):143-152
[6] 公颖,杨阳,周小珊,等.辽宁暴雨的日变化特征及其成因分析 [J].暴雨灾害,2017,36(2):125-131
[7] 何光碧,曾波,郁淑华,等.青藏高原周边地区持续性暴雨特征分析 [J].高原气象,2016,35(4):865-874
[8] 周秀美,刘佳,韩迁立.红河州暴雨时空分布特征分析 [J].云南地理环境研究,2018,30(1):73-78
[9] 侯建忠,权卫民,潘留杰,等.青藏高原东北侧地区暴雨特征分析[J].陕西气象,2014,(2):1-5
[10] 孙磊,赵杰,张方方,等.2006-2015年徐州短时强降水特征分析与指标研究[J].气象科学,2018,38(3):399-405
[11] 白晓平,靳双龙,王式功,等.中国西北地区东部短时强降水时空特征 [J].中国沙漠,2018,38(2):410-417
[12] 孟丽霞,许东蓓,狄潇泓,等.甘肃省短时强降水的时空特征 [J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(6):34-39
[13] 吴迎霞,周一,孟莹莹,等.2008—2016年黑龙江省短时强降水分布特征及影响系统 [J].自然灾害学报,2017,26(6):175-183
[14] 李华宏,胡娟,闵颖,等.云南短时强降水时空分布特征分析 [J].灾害学,2017,32( 3):57-62
[15] 马素艳,李林惠.呼和浩特近50 a短时强降水统计特征 [J].冰川冻土,2017,39(3):534-539
[16] 徐慧燕,邓霞君,周国华.丽水地区短时强降水时空分布特征及成因分析 [J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(3):44-49
[17] 王浪,马力.四川宝兴县短时强降水的时空分布特征 [J].气象科技,2016,44(3):423-429
[18] 王芬,严小冬,谷晓平,等.2006—2015年黔西南初夏短时强降水时空特征分析 [J].暴雨灾害,2017,36(5):460-466
[19] 徐娟,纪凡华,韩风军,等.2012年盛夏山东西部一次短时强降水天气的形成机制[J].干旱气象,2014,32(3):439-445
[20] 王将,邹阳,刘彬,等.金沙江乌东德水电站2016年1月强寒潮天气过程分析 [J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(5):909-918
[2] 邵建,裴晓蓉,刘娟,等.近53a宁夏暴雨时空分布特征[J].干旱气象,2015,33(4):595-601
[3] 黄鹤,杨超,于雷,等.1958—2012年来河北汛期暴雨气候变化特征分析 [J].气象与环境学报,2015,31(2):44-50
[4] 韩桂明,翟盘茂.1961-2008年京津冀地区暴雨的气候变化特征分析 [J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2015,9(4):25-31
[5] 杨明,宫宇,吴晓娜,等.安徽省夏季暴雨时空分布特征的成因分析 [J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(2):143-152
[6] 公颖,杨阳,周小珊,等.辽宁暴雨的日变化特征及其成因分析 [J].暴雨灾害,2017,36(2):125-131
[7] 何光碧,曾波,郁淑华,等.青藏高原周边地区持续性暴雨特征分析 [J].高原气象,2016,35(4):865-874
[8] 周秀美,刘佳,韩迁立.红河州暴雨时空分布特征分析 [J].云南地理环境研究,2018,30(1):73-78
[9] 侯建忠,权卫民,潘留杰,等.青藏高原东北侧地区暴雨特征分析[J].陕西气象,2014,(2):1-5
[10] 孙磊,赵杰,张方方,等.2006-2015年徐州短时强降水特征分析与指标研究[J].气象科学,2018,38(3):399-405
[11] 白晓平,靳双龙,王式功,等.中国西北地区东部短时强降水时空特征 [J].中国沙漠,2018,38(2):410-417
[12] 孟丽霞,许东蓓,狄潇泓,等.甘肃省短时强降水的时空特征 [J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(6):34-39
[13] 吴迎霞,周一,孟莹莹,等.2008—2016年黑龙江省短时强降水分布特征及影响系统 [J].自然灾害学报,2017,26(6):175-183
[14] 李华宏,胡娟,闵颖,等.云南短时强降水时空分布特征分析 [J].灾害学,2017,32( 3):57-62
[15] 马素艳,李林惠.呼和浩特近50 a短时强降水统计特征 [J].冰川冻土,2017,39(3):534-539
[16] 徐慧燕,邓霞君,周国华.丽水地区短时强降水时空分布特征及成因分析 [J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(3):44-49
[17] 王浪,马力.四川宝兴县短时强降水的时空分布特征 [J].气象科技,2016,44(3):423-429
[18] 王芬,严小冬,谷晓平,等.2006—2015年黔西南初夏短时强降水时空特征分析 [J].暴雨灾害,2017,36(5):460-466
[19] 徐娟,纪凡华,韩风军,等.2012年盛夏山东西部一次短时强降水天气的形成机制[J].干旱气象,2014,32(3):439-445
[20] 王将,邹阳,刘彬,等.金沙江乌东德水电站2016年1月强寒潮天气过程分析 [J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(5):909-918
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |