节水减氮对再生稻和双季稻周年产量及氮肥利用效率的影响
|
摘要
简易可行的节水减氮栽培措施有利于推动资源节约型和环境友好型水稻栽培技术的发展。本文以两熟制水稻生产模式为对象,研究节水减氮措施对其周年产量、群体质量特征和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明:节水灌溉不降低再生稻模式和双季稻模式的周年产量,节水灌溉2(W3)处理的周年产量分别为8.42和12.71 t·hm~(-2);与不施氮处理(N0)相比,减氮处理(N2)与当地施氮水平(N1)的周年产量显著增加,但N1和N2处理间的周年产量差异不显著; N2处理的氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥吸收利用率均高于N1处理;采用简易的自制PVC指示筒观测稻田土壤耕作层的水层变化,以此确定是否需要人工灌溉,同时再生稻模式和双季稻模式分别减氮24%和20%,能达到水稻生产中减少用水和氮肥用量目的,是一种水稻生产中可行的、简易的节水减氮栽培技术。
Simple and practical cultivation practice with water-saving and nitrogen-reducing is beneficial to promoting the development of rice cultivation technology with resource-conserving and environment-friendly. Taking production model as object,we examined the effects of watersaving and nitrogen-reducing on annual yield,the characteristics of population quality,and nitrogen use efficiency of double cropping rice. The results showed that water-saving did not decrease annual yield of ratoon rice and double rice,with highest yield of 8.42 and 12.71 t·hm~(-2) for both rice modes under the treatment of water-saving irrigation( W3). Compared with no nitrogen application( N0),annual yield under the treatment of nitrogen-reducing( N2) and local nitrogen application level( N1) was significantly increased,with no significant difference between the treatments of N1 and N2. In addition,nitrogen agronomy efficiency,nitrogen partial factor productivity,and nitrogen use efficiency under the N2 treatment was higher than those under the N1 treatment. Therefore,to ascertain irrigating or not by the observation of the water layer in the soil layer using simple and homemade PVC tube,with reducing 24% and 20% nitrogen application respectively in the models of both ratoon rice and double rice,can achieve dual reduction of water and nitrogen use. It is a simple and practical cultivation technology with water-saving and nitrogen-reducing in the rice production model.
Simple and practical cultivation practice with water-saving and nitrogen-reducing is beneficial to promoting the development of rice cultivation technology with resource-conserving and environment-friendly. Taking production model as object,we examined the effects of watersaving and nitrogen-reducing on annual yield,the characteristics of population quality,and nitrogen use efficiency of double cropping rice. The results showed that water-saving did not decrease annual yield of ratoon rice and double rice,with highest yield of 8.42 and 12.71 t·hm~(-2) for both rice modes under the treatment of water-saving irrigation( W3). Compared with no nitrogen application( N0),annual yield under the treatment of nitrogen-reducing( N2) and local nitrogen application level( N1) was significantly increased,with no significant difference between the treatments of N1 and N2. In addition,nitrogen agronomy efficiency,nitrogen partial factor productivity,and nitrogen use efficiency under the N2 treatment was higher than those under the N1 treatment. Therefore,to ascertain irrigating or not by the observation of the water layer in the soil layer using simple and homemade PVC tube,with reducing 24% and 20% nitrogen application respectively in the models of both ratoon rice and double rice,can achieve dual reduction of water and nitrogen use. It is a simple and practical cultivation technology with water-saving and nitrogen-reducing in the rice production model.
引文
程建平,曹凑贵,蔡明历,等.2006.不同灌溉方式对水稻生物学特性与水分利用效率的影响.应用生态学报,17(10):1859-1865.
崔远来,李远华,吕国安,等.2004.不同水肥条件下水稻氮素运移与转化规律研究.水科学进展,15(3):280-285.
杜加银,茹美,倪吾钟.2013.减氮控磷稳钾施肥对水稻产量及养分积累的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,19(3):523-533.
段里成,吕伟生,方加海,等.2018.施氮量和每穴苗数对双季杂交早稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响.生态学杂志,37(10):2959-2967.
黄巧义,唐拴虎,张发宝,等.2017.减氮配施控释尿素对水稻产量和氮肥利用的影响.中国生态农业学报,25(6):829-838
姜萍,袁永坤,朱日恒,等.2013.节水灌溉条件下稻田氮素径流与渗漏流失特征研究.农业环境科学学报,32(8):1592-1596.
李银坤,武雪萍,武其甫,等.2016.水氮用量对设施栽培蔬菜地土壤氨挥发损失的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,22(4):949-957.
刘红江,郭智,郑建初,等.2017.太湖地区氮肥减量对水稻产量和氮素流失的影响.生态学杂志,36(3):713-718.
吕露,冯常萍,崔远来.2011.水稻不同节水灌溉模式的水分利用效率比较---以荆门、桂林为例.节水灌溉,(3):15-17,22.
彭术,张文钊,侯海军,等.2019.氮肥减量深施对双季稻产量和氧化亚氮排放的影响.生态学杂志,38(1):153-160.
苏柏元,陈惠哲,朱德峰.2014.水稻直播栽培技术发展现状及对策.农业科技通讯,(1):7-11.
王绍华,曹卫星,丁艳锋,等.2004.水氮互作对水稻氮吸收与利用的影响.中国农业科学,37(4):497-501.
向璐,周萍,盛良学,等.2018.减氮条件下不同施肥措施对双季稻产量和氮肥利用的影响.农业现代化研究,39(2):335-341.
谢小兵,周雪峰,蒋鹏,等.2015.低氮密植栽培对超级稻产量和氮素利用率的影响.作物学报,41(10):1591-1602.
杨建昌,王志琴,朱庆森.1996.不同土壤水分状况下氮素营养对水稻产量的影响及其生理机制的研究.中国农业科学,29(4):58-66.
姚林,郑华斌,刘建霞,等.2014.中国水稻节水灌溉技术的现状及发展趋势.生态学杂志,33(5):1381-1387.
尤小涛,荆奇,姜东,等.2006.节水灌溉条件下氮肥对粳稻稻米产量和品质及氮素利用的影响.中国水稻科学,20(2):199-204.
袁隆平.1997.杂交水稻超高产育种.杂交水稻,12(6):1-3.
张帆,沈超,徐敬洪,等.2016.四川水稻直播发展现状与思考.四川农业科技,(8):8-9.
张颖睿,杨滨娟,黄国勤.2018.紫云英翻压量与不同施氮量对水稻生长和氮素吸收利用的影响.生态学杂志,37(2):430-437.
赵丽萍,陶优生,唐云鹏,等.2013.水稻栽培方式的演变历史和发展趋势.作物研究,27(2):169-173.
邹应斌,夏冰,蒋鹏,等.2015.水稻生产目标产量确定的理论与方法探讨.中国农业科学,48(20):4021-4032.
Chen XP,Cui ZL,Zhang FS,et al.2014.Producing more grain with lower environmental costs.Nature,514:486-489.
Makino A.2011.Photosynthesis,grain yield,and nitrogen utilization in rice and wheat.Plant Physiology,155:125-129.
Zhang QF.2007.Strategies for developing green super rice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,104:16402-16409.
崔远来,李远华,吕国安,等.2004.不同水肥条件下水稻氮素运移与转化规律研究.水科学进展,15(3):280-285.
杜加银,茹美,倪吾钟.2013.减氮控磷稳钾施肥对水稻产量及养分积累的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,19(3):523-533.
段里成,吕伟生,方加海,等.2018.施氮量和每穴苗数对双季杂交早稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响.生态学杂志,37(10):2959-2967.
黄巧义,唐拴虎,张发宝,等.2017.减氮配施控释尿素对水稻产量和氮肥利用的影响.中国生态农业学报,25(6):829-838
姜萍,袁永坤,朱日恒,等.2013.节水灌溉条件下稻田氮素径流与渗漏流失特征研究.农业环境科学学报,32(8):1592-1596.
李银坤,武雪萍,武其甫,等.2016.水氮用量对设施栽培蔬菜地土壤氨挥发损失的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,22(4):949-957.
刘红江,郭智,郑建初,等.2017.太湖地区氮肥减量对水稻产量和氮素流失的影响.生态学杂志,36(3):713-718.
吕露,冯常萍,崔远来.2011.水稻不同节水灌溉模式的水分利用效率比较---以荆门、桂林为例.节水灌溉,(3):15-17,22.
彭术,张文钊,侯海军,等.2019.氮肥减量深施对双季稻产量和氧化亚氮排放的影响.生态学杂志,38(1):153-160.
苏柏元,陈惠哲,朱德峰.2014.水稻直播栽培技术发展现状及对策.农业科技通讯,(1):7-11.
王绍华,曹卫星,丁艳锋,等.2004.水氮互作对水稻氮吸收与利用的影响.中国农业科学,37(4):497-501.
向璐,周萍,盛良学,等.2018.减氮条件下不同施肥措施对双季稻产量和氮肥利用的影响.农业现代化研究,39(2):335-341.
谢小兵,周雪峰,蒋鹏,等.2015.低氮密植栽培对超级稻产量和氮素利用率的影响.作物学报,41(10):1591-1602.
杨建昌,王志琴,朱庆森.1996.不同土壤水分状况下氮素营养对水稻产量的影响及其生理机制的研究.中国农业科学,29(4):58-66.
姚林,郑华斌,刘建霞,等.2014.中国水稻节水灌溉技术的现状及发展趋势.生态学杂志,33(5):1381-1387.
尤小涛,荆奇,姜东,等.2006.节水灌溉条件下氮肥对粳稻稻米产量和品质及氮素利用的影响.中国水稻科学,20(2):199-204.
袁隆平.1997.杂交水稻超高产育种.杂交水稻,12(6):1-3.
张帆,沈超,徐敬洪,等.2016.四川水稻直播发展现状与思考.四川农业科技,(8):8-9.
张颖睿,杨滨娟,黄国勤.2018.紫云英翻压量与不同施氮量对水稻生长和氮素吸收利用的影响.生态学杂志,37(2):430-437.
赵丽萍,陶优生,唐云鹏,等.2013.水稻栽培方式的演变历史和发展趋势.作物研究,27(2):169-173.
邹应斌,夏冰,蒋鹏,等.2015.水稻生产目标产量确定的理论与方法探讨.中国农业科学,48(20):4021-4032.
Chen XP,Cui ZL,Zhang FS,et al.2014.Producing more grain with lower environmental costs.Nature,514:486-489.
Makino A.2011.Photosynthesis,grain yield,and nitrogen utilization in rice and wheat.Plant Physiology,155:125-129.
Zhang QF.2007.Strategies for developing green super rice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,104:16402-16409.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |