三峡水库枯水期不同运行方式对洞庭湖生态补水效果研究
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摘要
洞庭湖枯水期面临的持续低水位对湖区生态环境带来严重影响,三峡水库枯水期增加下泄流量为洞庭湖生态补水提供了有利条件。为定量描述三峡水库枯水期不同运行方式对洞庭湖生态补水效果的空间差异,拟定3种水库典型消落方案,即提前消落、均匀消落、高水位消落;依托构建的江湖一体化耦合水动力模型分析不同消落方式对洞庭湖补水效果的空间分布格局,并评估不同方案对发电量的影响。结果表明:提前消落和高水位消落方式对洞庭湖水位的影响具有明显的空间异质性,对东洞庭湖北部影响较为明显,而对于东洞庭湖南部、南洞庭湖和西洞庭湖影响较小;提前消落较均匀消落方式城陵矶水位平均提高0. 12 m,对应的三峡发电量减小0. 30%,而高水位消落方式城陵矶水位平均降低0. 09 m,发电量增加0. 28%。研究成果可为兼顾洞庭湖生态补水的三峡水库消落方案的制定提供参考。
The extremely low water level of the Dongting Lake during the dry season has a serious impact on the ecological environment of the Lake. The Three Gorges Reservoir( TGR) has increased the discharge for the lake to supplement water during the dry seasons. In order to quantitatively describe the spatial difference of water supplement effect on the ecological water supplement from the operation schemes of TGR at dry seasons,three typical schemes were proposed,namely,drop in advance,uniformly drop,and drop at high water level. Based on the integrated couplling mathematical model of rivers and lakes,the spatial distribution of Dongting Lake water level under different schemes was analyzed,and the impact of different schemes on power generation was evaluated. The results showed that the influence of drop in advance and drop at high water level on the water level of Dongting Lake had obvious spatial heterogeneity,and the influence on the northern part of East Dongting Lake was obvious,whereas for the south and west Dongting lake was small.The water level of Chenglingji increased 0. 12 m on average,and the power generation of Three Gorges power reduced 0. 30% for the drop in advance,while for the drop at high water level the water level of Chenglingji reduced 0. 09 m on average,and the power generation increased 0. 28%. The research results could provide beneficial reference for the formulation of the Three Gorges Reservoir's drop mode taking into account the ecological water supply of the Dongting Lake.
The extremely low water level of the Dongting Lake during the dry season has a serious impact on the ecological environment of the Lake. The Three Gorges Reservoir( TGR) has increased the discharge for the lake to supplement water during the dry seasons. In order to quantitatively describe the spatial difference of water supplement effect on the ecological water supplement from the operation schemes of TGR at dry seasons,three typical schemes were proposed,namely,drop in advance,uniformly drop,and drop at high water level. Based on the integrated couplling mathematical model of rivers and lakes,the spatial distribution of Dongting Lake water level under different schemes was analyzed,and the impact of different schemes on power generation was evaluated. The results showed that the influence of drop in advance and drop at high water level on the water level of Dongting Lake had obvious spatial heterogeneity,and the influence on the northern part of East Dongting Lake was obvious,whereas for the south and west Dongting lake was small.The water level of Chenglingji increased 0. 12 m on average,and the power generation of Three Gorges power reduced 0. 30% for the drop in advance,while for the drop at high water level the water level of Chenglingji reduced 0. 09 m on average,and the power generation increased 0. 28%. The research results could provide beneficial reference for the formulation of the Three Gorges Reservoir's drop mode taking into account the ecological water supply of the Dongting Lake.
引文
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[2]黄韬,张俊宏,邓志民,等.三峡水库蓄水前后洞庭湖区水环境演化过程研究进展[J].水资源与水工程学报,2018,29(6):61-67.
[3]童潜明,韩伟,雷帆,等.解决洞庭湖区季节性缺水方案比较研究[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,2014.
[4]LI Zhongwu,NIE Xiaodong,ZHANG Yan,et al. Assessing the influence of water level on schistosomiasis in Dongting Lake region before and after the construction of Three Gorges Dam[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2016,188(1):1-10.
[5]向锋,施勇,金秋,等.洞庭湖枢纽调度方案比对分析[J].水利水运工程学报,2018(2):19-25.
[6]朱幸平,聂芳容.荆江南岸松滋新江口及其它三口建闸方案研究[J].人民长江,2009,40(14):18-19.
[7]谢平.三峡工程对两湖的生态影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(10):1607-1618.
[8]钮新强.洞庭湖综合治理方案探讨[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(1):1-7.
[9]蔡其华.洞庭湖与三峡工程[J].人民长江,2012,43(17):1-4.
[10]YANG Guishan,ZHANG Qi,WAN Rongrong,et al. Lake hydrology,water quality and ecology impacts of altered riverlake interactions:advances in research on the middle Yangtze river[J]. Hydrology Research,2016,47(S2):1-7.
[11]钮新强.洞庭湖综合治理方案探讨[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(1):1-7.
[12]鲍正风,李长春,王祥.长江上游流域水文条件变化下的三峡水库综合运用[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(4):98-103.
[13]王学敏.面向生态和航运的梯级水电站多目标发电优化调度研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015.
[14]高玉磊.三峡工程运行高效效益显著[J].中国三峡,2017(5):70-73.
[15]左建,陆宝宏,顾磊,等.基于综合调度的三峡水库汛末蓄水研究[J].水力发电,2015,41(12):85-88+92.
[16]周研来,郭生练,陈进.溪洛渡-向家坝-三峡梯级水库联合蓄水方案与多目标决策研究[J].水利学报,2015,44(10):1135-1144.
[17]戴凌全,毛劲乔,戴会超,等.面向洞庭湖生态需水的三峡水库蓄水期优化调度研究[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(9):18-27.
[18]孙思瑞,谢平,陈柯兵,等.三峡水库蓄水期不同调度方案对洞庭湖出口水位的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(8):1819-1826.
[19]张先平,鲁军,邢龙,等.三峡-葛洲坝梯级水库兼顾航运需求的调度方式[J].人民长江,2018,49(13):31-37.
[20]陈进.三峡水库抗旱调度问题的探讨[J].长江科学院院报,2010,27(5):19-23.
[21]鲍正风,胡晓勇.三峡水库汛前消落期优化调度方式研究[J].水力发电,2009,35(12):64-66.
[22]乔晔,廖鸿志,蔡玉鹏,等.大型水库生态调度实践及展望[J].人民长江,2014,45(15):22-26.
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