碳氮添加对雨养农田土壤全氮、有机碳及其组分的影响
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摘要
为探明碳氮添加4年后,土壤全氮、有机碳及其组分(可溶性有机碳、微生物量碳、轻组和重组有机碳)的变化特征,依托布设于甘肃省定西市安定区李家堡镇的不同碳源配施氮素田间定位试验,涉及秸秆、生物质炭、氮素3个因素,秸秆设置为不施、施用秸秆2水平;生物质炭为不施和施用生物质炭2个水平;氮素设置为不施氮、施纯氮50 kg/hm~2、施纯氮100 kg/hm~2 3个水平,共9个处理。结果表明:不同处理下土壤全氮、有机碳及其组分的含量均随土层的加深而降低。添加生物质炭对土壤全氮、有机碳及其组分均具有不同程度的提升效应。添加秸秆对土壤全氮、有机碳和可溶性有机碳、微生物量碳、轻组有机碳均具有显著提升效应,仅在0—5 cm土层对重组有机碳有显著提高。添加氮素可显著提升土壤全氮、有机碳和可溶性有机碳、微生物量碳、轻组有机碳含量。较其他处理,添加生物质炭对土壤全氮、有机碳和重组有机碳的提升效应最高,添加秸秆对可溶性有机碳、微生物量碳、轻组有机碳的提升效果最优。从提升土壤质量的角度出发,推荐秸秆配施氮素模式,该模式下土壤碳素有效性高、易于被微生物利用,有利于作物生长。从提高土壤固碳角度考虑,推荐生物质炭配施氮素模式,该模式有利于碳的封存。
In order to find out the change characteristics of soil total nitrogen(TN), organic carbon(SOC) and its components(dissolved organic carbon(DOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), light fraction organic carbon(LFOC) and heavy fraction organic carbon(HFOC)) after four years of carbon and nitrogen addition, local field experiment of nitrogen application with different carbon sources was conducted at the Rainfed Agricultural Experimental Station of Gansu Agricultural University in Lijiabao Town, Anding District, Dingxi City, central Gansu Province. Three factors including straw, biochar and nitrogen were set up in the experiment. The straw was set at two levels, including no straw and straw application, and the experiment involved two biochar levels, which were no biochar and biochar application, and the nitrogen application was at three levels of no application, 50 kg/hm~2 and 100 kg/hm~2, totally nine treatments. The results showed that the contents of TN, organic carbon and their components decreased with the deepening of soil layer under different treatments. Application of biochar increased the concentrations of SOC, TN, DOC, MBC, LFOC and HFOC. Application of straw significantly increased the contents of SOC, TN, DOC, MBC and LFOC, but only significantly increased HFOC content in 0-5 cm soil layer. Application of nitrogen significantly increased the concentrations of SOC, TN, DOC, MBC and LFOC. Among the treatments, application of biochar showed the best improve effect on the concentrations of SOC, TN and HFOC, and adding straw represented the best enhancement effects on the concentrations of DOC, MBC and LFOC. From the perspective of improving soil quality, straw combined with nitrogen was the recommended application mode, which had a higher soil carbon availability that facilitated the carbon utilization of the microorganisms, and benefited the growth of crops. Considering the improvement of soil carbon sequestration, biochar combined with nitrogen was the recommended application mode, which was beneficial to the carbon sequestration.
In order to find out the change characteristics of soil total nitrogen(TN), organic carbon(SOC) and its components(dissolved organic carbon(DOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), light fraction organic carbon(LFOC) and heavy fraction organic carbon(HFOC)) after four years of carbon and nitrogen addition, local field experiment of nitrogen application with different carbon sources was conducted at the Rainfed Agricultural Experimental Station of Gansu Agricultural University in Lijiabao Town, Anding District, Dingxi City, central Gansu Province. Three factors including straw, biochar and nitrogen were set up in the experiment. The straw was set at two levels, including no straw and straw application, and the experiment involved two biochar levels, which were no biochar and biochar application, and the nitrogen application was at three levels of no application, 50 kg/hm~2 and 100 kg/hm~2, totally nine treatments. The results showed that the contents of TN, organic carbon and their components decreased with the deepening of soil layer under different treatments. Application of biochar increased the concentrations of SOC, TN, DOC, MBC, LFOC and HFOC. Application of straw significantly increased the contents of SOC, TN, DOC, MBC and LFOC, but only significantly increased HFOC content in 0-5 cm soil layer. Application of nitrogen significantly increased the concentrations of SOC, TN, DOC, MBC and LFOC. Among the treatments, application of biochar showed the best improve effect on the concentrations of SOC, TN and HFOC, and adding straw represented the best enhancement effects on the concentrations of DOC, MBC and LFOC. From the perspective of improving soil quality, straw combined with nitrogen was the recommended application mode, which had a higher soil carbon availability that facilitated the carbon utilization of the microorganisms, and benefited the growth of crops. Considering the improvement of soil carbon sequestration, biochar combined with nitrogen was the recommended application mode, which was beneficial to the carbon sequestration.
引文
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[11] 袁嫚嫚,邬刚,胡润,等.秸秆还田配施化肥对稻油轮作土壤有机碳组分及产量影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):27-35.
[12] Lehmann J,Gaunt J,Rondon M.Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems:A review [J].Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2006,11(2):403-427.
[13] 尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):509-517.
[14] 廖敏,彭英,陈义.长期不同施肥管理对稻田土壤有机碳库特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):129-133.
[15] 汤宏,沈健林,刘杰云,等.稻秸的不同组分对水稻土微生物量碳氮及可溶性有机碳氮的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(4):264-271.
[16] 徐嘉晖,孙颖,高雷,等.土壤有机碳稳定性影响因素的研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(2):222-230.
[17] 谢锦升,杨玉盛,解明曙,等.土壤轻组有机质研究进展[J].福建林学院学报,2006.26(3):281-288.
[18] 葛顺峰,彭玲,任饴华,等.秸秆和生物质炭对苹果园土壤容重,阳离子交换量和氮素利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,47(2):366-373.
[19] 丁少男,薛萐,刘国彬.施肥处理对黄土丘陵区农田土壤酶活性和水溶性有机碳,氮的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(11):2146-2154.
[20] Wu F P,Jia Z K,Wang S G,et al.Contrasting effects of wheat straw and its biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and enzyme activities in a Chernozemic soil [J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(5):555-565.
[21] 李新华,郭洪海,朱振林,等.不同秸秆还田模式对土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(9):130-135.
[2] Wu J,Larsen K S,Linden L V D,et al.Synthesis on the carbon budget and cycling in a Danish,temperate deciduous forest [J].Agricultural & Forest Meteorology,2013,181(13):94-107.
[3] 王虎,王旭东,田宵鸿.秸秆还田对土壤有机碳不同活性组分储量及分配的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(12):3491-3498.
[4] 武均,蔡立群,张仁陟,等.耕作措施对旱作农田土壤颗粒态有机碳的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(5):728-736.
[5] 徐均华,黄国强,菅攀峰,等.土壤有机碳研究进展及在农田生产中的应用[J].耕作与栽培,2018(2):64-68.
[6] 宋大利,习向银,黄绍敏,等.秸秆生物炭配施氮肥对潮土土壤碳氮含量及作物产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):369-379.
[7] 夏文建,王萍,刘秀梅,等.长期施肥对红壤旱地有机碳、氮和磷的影响[J].江西农业学报,2017,29(12):27-31.
[8] Hammerbeck A L,Stetson S J,Osborne S L,et al.Corn residue removal impact on soil aggregates in a no-till corn/soybean rotation [J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2012,76(4):1399-1406.
[9] 汪军,王德建,张刚,等.连续全量秸秆还田与氮肥用量对农田土壤养分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(5):40-44.
[10] 王慧,刘金山,惠晓丽,等.旱地土壤有机碳氮和供氮能力对长期不同氮肥用量的响应[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(15):2988-2998.
[11] 袁嫚嫚,邬刚,胡润,等.秸秆还田配施化肥对稻油轮作土壤有机碳组分及产量影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):27-35.
[12] Lehmann J,Gaunt J,Rondon M.Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems:A review [J].Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2006,11(2):403-427.
[13] 尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):509-517.
[14] 廖敏,彭英,陈义.长期不同施肥管理对稻田土壤有机碳库特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):129-133.
[15] 汤宏,沈健林,刘杰云,等.稻秸的不同组分对水稻土微生物量碳氮及可溶性有机碳氮的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(4):264-271.
[16] 徐嘉晖,孙颖,高雷,等.土壤有机碳稳定性影响因素的研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(2):222-230.
[17] 谢锦升,杨玉盛,解明曙,等.土壤轻组有机质研究进展[J].福建林学院学报,2006.26(3):281-288.
[18] 葛顺峰,彭玲,任饴华,等.秸秆和生物质炭对苹果园土壤容重,阳离子交换量和氮素利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,47(2):366-373.
[19] 丁少男,薛萐,刘国彬.施肥处理对黄土丘陵区农田土壤酶活性和水溶性有机碳,氮的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(11):2146-2154.
[20] Wu F P,Jia Z K,Wang S G,et al.Contrasting effects of wheat straw and its biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and enzyme activities in a Chernozemic soil [J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(5):555-565.
[21] 李新华,郭洪海,朱振林,等.不同秸秆还田模式对土壤有机碳及其活性组分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(9):130-135.
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