不同耕作深度与施肥量对江汉平原稻田土壤紧实度和水稻产量的影响
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摘要
连续两年(2014—2015年)在湖北省潜江市浩口镇进行大田试验,研究了3个耕作深度和4个施肥水平对稻田土壤紧实度和水稻产量的影响。结果表明,水稻栽插前深耕(30 cm)相对于浅耕(10 cm)和中耕(20 cm)对土壤的扰动较大,但经过整个水稻大田期沉降之后,对表层土壤的紧实度影响很小,能明显降低中层土壤的紧实度,能明显增加下层土壤的紧实度,形成"上松下紧"的结构,但耕作深度对水稻产量没有显著影响。在氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)按1∶0.5∶0.8配比的条件下,用线性+平台模型确定的中稻氮肥最合理用量为156.5 kg/hm2。
The field experiment was conducted to study the impract of different tillage depths and fertilizer rates on soil compaction and grain yield in paddy fields in Jianghan plain in two consecutive years(2014—2015). The results indicated that the effect of deep plowing prior to planting on paddy soil were significant for the soil as compared with shallow plowing and tillage, but after settling throughout the field, the compactness of topsoil was affected weakly, the compaction degree of middle soil was obviously reduced,the compaction degree of the lower soil was obviously increased, then form the structure of"up-loose-down-tightness", but which had no significant effect on the yield of rice. The reasonable N application rate for midrice was 156.5 kg/hm2 determined by linear +platform model under the condition of 1 ∶0.5 ∶0.8 ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus(P2 O5) and potassium(K2 O).
The field experiment was conducted to study the impract of different tillage depths and fertilizer rates on soil compaction and grain yield in paddy fields in Jianghan plain in two consecutive years(2014—2015). The results indicated that the effect of deep plowing prior to planting on paddy soil were significant for the soil as compared with shallow plowing and tillage, but after settling throughout the field, the compactness of topsoil was affected weakly, the compaction degree of middle soil was obviously reduced,the compaction degree of the lower soil was obviously increased, then form the structure of"up-loose-down-tightness", but which had no significant effect on the yield of rice. The reasonable N application rate for midrice was 156.5 kg/hm2 determined by linear +platform model under the condition of 1 ∶0.5 ∶0.8 ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus(P2 O5) and potassium(K2 O).
引文
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[14]佀国涵,赵书军,王瑞,等.连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤物理及生物性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报2014,20(4):905-912.
[15]谢振翅,喻永熹,汪德成.稻田深耕的研究[J].湖北农业科学,1963,2(1):25-30.
[2]乔玉成.南方地区改造渍害田排水技术指南[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,1994.
[3]艾天成,李方敏,原雄人.江汉平原湖积型涝渍地土壤物理环境质量评价[J].湖北农学院学报,2004,24(4):245-247,275.
[4]依艳丽.土壤物理研究法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2009.
[5]孙利军,张仁陟,黄高宝.保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地地表土壤理化性状的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(6):207-211.
[6] LIPIEC J,ARVIDSSON J,MURER E. Review of modelling crop growth,movement of water and chemicals in relation to topsoil and subsoil compaction[J]. Soil and tillage research, 2003,73(1-2):15-29.
[7] BLANCO-CANQUI H,GANTZER C,ANDERSON S H,et al. Tillage and crop influences on physical properties for an Epiaqualf[J].Soil science society of America journal,2004,68(2):567-576.
[8]刘冬碧,范先鹏,杨利,等.江汉平原水稻肥水管理现状与技术对策[J].湖北农业科学,2010,49(8):1831-1835.
[9]刘冬碧,余延丰,范先鹏,等.湖北潮土区不同轮作制度下土壤养分平衡状况与评价[J].土壤,2009,41(6):912-916.
[10]丁亨虎,艾天成,苏运河,等.运粮湖农场土壤肥力及施肥技术的演变[J].湖北农业科学,2009,48(9):2090-2094.
[11]陈新平,周金池,王兴仁,等.小麦-玉米轮作制中氮肥效应模型的选择———经济和环境效益分析[J].土壤学报,2000,37(3):346-354.
[12]刘冬碧,范先鹏,杨利,等.湖北省莲藕氮肥合理用量与运筹方式研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(2):66-71.
[13]曹隽隽,周勇,吴宜进,等.江汉平原土地利用演变对区域径流量影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(5):610-617.
[14]佀国涵,赵书军,王瑞,等.连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤物理及生物性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报2014,20(4):905-912.
[15]谢振翅,喻永熹,汪德成.稻田深耕的研究[J].湖北农业科学,1963,2(1):25-30.
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