镉、锌复合胁迫对银中杨化学防御的影响
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摘要
【目的】探究镉(Cd)、锌(Zn)复合胁迫对银中杨化学防御的影响。【方法】本实验将3种含量的Cd(0.5、1.5、2.5 mg/kg)和Zn(300、500、700 mg/kg),采用正交实验设计(3×3)分别复合施加到1年生银中杨生长的土壤中,在胁迫30、40和50 d后,分析各组银中杨叶片中的防御蛋白活性以及次生代谢物质的含量。【结果】在Cd、Zn复合胁迫下,银中杨叶片中防御蛋白活性以及次生代谢物质的含量均随Cd和Zn含量的增加而降低,且高含量Cd、Zn复合胁迫下的防御蛋白的活性和次生代谢物质的含量均显著低于中低含量复合胁迫(P <0.05)。其中,在Cd、Zn中高含量复合胁迫下,30、40和50 d后,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI)、胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂(CI)活性、黄酮和木质素含量,与对照组差异显著(P <0.05);在Cd、Zn低含量复合胁迫下,30、40 d后的黄酮含量以及50 d后的PAL活性,也显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。【结论】Cd和Zn复合胁迫会抑制银中杨叶片内的化学防御水平,且抑制效果呈一定的浓度和时间效应。
[Objective] This study aims to investigate the effects of Cd-Zn combined stress on chemical defense of Populus alba ‘Berolinensis ’(PAB). [Method] Three concentrations of Cd(0.5, 1.5 and2.5 mg/kg) and Zn(300, 500 and 700 mg/kg) were combined and applied in an orthogonal experimental design(3 × 3) into the soil with one-year-old PAB seedlings. The activities of defense proteins and the contents of secondary metabolites in the PAB leaves were analyzed at 30, 40 and 50 days after Cd-Zn applications, respectively. [Result] The results showed that both the activities of defense proteins and the contents of secondary metabolites in the leaves of PAB seedlings decreased with the increase of Cd-Zn concentrations. Both parameters were significantly lower under the high Cd-Zn stresses than those under the medium-low Cd-Zn stresses(P < 0.05). The activities of PAL, PPO, TI, CI, and the contents of flavonoids and lignin in the PAB leaves under the high-medium Cd-Zn(combined) stresses were significantly lower than those of control(P < 0.05) for all three sampling dates(30, 40 and 50 days after the Cd-Zn application).Under the low Cd-Zn combined stresses, the flavonoid contents at 30 and 40 days after the Cd-Zn application and the PAL activity at 50 days after the Cd-Zn application were also significantly lower than those of control(P < 0.05). [Conclusion] The above results illustrate that Cd-Zn combined stress could inhibit the chemical defense levels of the PAB leaves, and such inhibitory effects vary, to certain degrees,with Cd-Zn concentrations and exposure durations. Further studies are need to determine how the Cd-Zn combined stresses affect PAB defoliators.
[Objective] This study aims to investigate the effects of Cd-Zn combined stress on chemical defense of Populus alba ‘Berolinensis ’(PAB). [Method] Three concentrations of Cd(0.5, 1.5 and2.5 mg/kg) and Zn(300, 500 and 700 mg/kg) were combined and applied in an orthogonal experimental design(3 × 3) into the soil with one-year-old PAB seedlings. The activities of defense proteins and the contents of secondary metabolites in the PAB leaves were analyzed at 30, 40 and 50 days after Cd-Zn applications, respectively. [Result] The results showed that both the activities of defense proteins and the contents of secondary metabolites in the leaves of PAB seedlings decreased with the increase of Cd-Zn concentrations. Both parameters were significantly lower under the high Cd-Zn stresses than those under the medium-low Cd-Zn stresses(P < 0.05). The activities of PAL, PPO, TI, CI, and the contents of flavonoids and lignin in the PAB leaves under the high-medium Cd-Zn(combined) stresses were significantly lower than those of control(P < 0.05) for all three sampling dates(30, 40 and 50 days after the Cd-Zn application).Under the low Cd-Zn combined stresses, the flavonoid contents at 30 and 40 days after the Cd-Zn application and the PAL activity at 50 days after the Cd-Zn application were also significantly lower than those of control(P < 0.05). [Conclusion] The above results illustrate that Cd-Zn combined stress could inhibit the chemical defense levels of the PAB leaves, and such inhibitory effects vary, to certain degrees,with Cd-Zn concentrations and exposure durations. Further studies are need to determine how the Cd-Zn combined stresses affect PAB defoliators.
引文
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[20]赵微,尹静,詹亚光,等.温度胁迫对白桦悬浮细胞中三萜积累及防御酶活性的影响[J].中国生物工程杂志,2013,33(2):34-40.Zhao W,Yin J,Zhan Y G,et al.Effects of temperature stress on triterpene accumulation and defense enzyme activity in suspension cells of Betula platyphylla[J].China Biotechnology,2013,33(2):34-40.
[21]鲁艺芳,石蕾,严善春.不同光照强度对兴安落叶松几种主要防御蛋白活力的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(11):3621-3627.Lu Y F,Shi L,Yan S C.Effects of different light intensities on activities of the primary defense proteins in needles of Larix gmelinii[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(11):3621-3627.
[22]Jiang D,Wang Y Y,Dong X W,et al.Inducible defense responses in Populus alba berolinensis to Pb stress[J].South African Journal of Botany,2018,119:295-300.
[23]郭光艳,柏峰,刘伟,等.转录因子对木质素生物合成调控的研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(7):1277-1287.Guo G Y,Bo F,Liu W,et al.Advances in research of the regulation of transcription factors of lignin biosynthesis[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(7):1277-1287.
[24]诸姮,胡宏友,卢昌义,等.植物体内的黄酮类化合物代谢及其调控研究进展[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2007,46(增刊1):136-143.Zhu H,Hu H Y,Lu C Y,et al.Advances in the Study of flavonoids metabolism and regulation in plants[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),2007,46(Suppl.1):136-143.
[25]张凯,徐波,孟昭军,等.铜、镉胁迫对杨树叶片中防御蛋白活性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(11):43-46.Zhang K,Xu B,Meng Z J,et al.Effect of copper and cadmium on defensive protein activity in poplar leaves[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014,42(11):43-46.
[26]姜礅,王月月,严善春.锌胁迫对银中杨生长发育和化学防御的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(11):42-48.Jiang D,Wang Y Y,Yan S C.Effects of Zn stress on growth development and chemical defense of Populus alba‘Berolinensis’seedlings[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2018,40(11):42-48.
[27]Jiang D,Yan S.Effects of Cd,Zn or Pb stress in Populus alba‘Berolinensis’on the development and reproduction of Lymantria dispar[J].Ecotoxicology,2017,26(1):1-9.
[28]张凯,周艳涛,王皙玮,等.铜、镉胁迫对舞毒蛾排毒代谢酶的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(2):61-67.Zhang K,Zhou Y T,Wang X W,et al.Effects of copper and cadmium stress on the activities of detoxifying metabolic enzymes in Lymantria dispar[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2016,38(2):61-67.
[29]姜礅,王月月,严善春.银中杨各部位对Cd、Zn、Pb的富集特性[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(1):83-88.Jiang D,Wang Y Y,Yan S C.Accumulation characteristics in all parts of Populus alba‘Berolinensis’to cadmium,zinc,and lead[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2018,40(1):83-88.
[2]Kim H T,Kim J G.Uptake of cadmium,copper,lead,and zinc from sediments by an aquatic macrophyte and by terrestrial arthropods in a freshwater wetland ecosystem[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2016,71(2):1-12.
[3]王锦文,白秀,陈锦峰,等.复合重金属Pb/Zn对香樟生理特征的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(21):10253-10254.Wang J W,Bai X,Chen J F,et al.Effects of complex heavy metals Pb/Zn on the physiological characteristics of Paulowniu fortunel(seem)hems[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(21):10253-10254.
[4]Jia X,Zhao Y H,Liu T,et al.Leaf defense system of Robinia pseudoacacia L.seedlings exposed to 3 years of elevated atmospheric CO2 and Cd-contaminated soils[J].Science of The Total Environment,2017,605-606:48-57.
[5]杨期和,赖万年,杨和生,等.土壤Cd污染的生物修复[J].嘉应学院学报,2014,32(5):58-65.Yang Q H,Lai W N,Yang H S,et al.Bioremediation of Cd contaminated soil[J].Journal of Jiaying University,2014,32(5):58-65.
[6]杜锁军,戴艳,谢东俊,等.土壤Zn污染及其治理措施评述[J].污染防治技术,2009,22(3):87-90.Du S J,Dai Y,Xie D J,et al.The introduction of Zn pollution in soil and its control mesures[J].Pollution Control Techonology,2009,22(3):87-90.
[7]吴志能,谢苗苗,王莹莹.我国复合污染土壤修复研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(12):2250-2259.Wu Z N,Xie M M,Wang Y Y.Remediation of soils with combined pollution in China:a review[J].Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2016,35(12):2250-2259.
[8]刘艳丽,吴凤霞,徐莹,等.杨树修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展[J].林业科学,2012,48(9):139-144.Liu Y L,Wu F X,Xu Y,et al.Research progress in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils with Populus[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2012,48(9):139-144.
[9]齐洪涛,白莉萍,陆海波,等.堆肥污泥对不同杨树品种重金属富集变化的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(11):22-27.Qi H T,Bai L P,Lu H B,et al.Effects of fertilizer sludge on heavy metal concentration in different poplar varieties[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014,42(11):22-27.
[10]国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.GB15618-1995土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.State Department of Environmental Conservation,State Bureau of Technical Supervision.GB15618-1995 soil environmental quality standard[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,1995.
[11]崔伟婵,李霜雯,严善春.不同光照下外源茉莉酸类物质对兴安落叶松防御蛋白的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(9):78-81.Cui W C,Li S W,Yan S C.Effects of exogenous jasmonic acids on defense protein of Larix gmelinii under different illumination[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2016,44(9):78-81.
[12]姜虹,严善春,薛羿,等.落叶松林型对其针叶内几种防御蛋白活力和次生代谢物含量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(3):24-28.Jiang H,Yan S C,Xue Y,et al.Effects of forest type on activity of several defense proteins and contents of secondary metabolites in larch needles[J].Forest Research,2018,31(3):24-28.
[13]王杰,孟昭军,王琪,等.外源茉莉酸诱导方式对长白落叶松针叶内防御蛋白活力的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(5):84-89.Wang J,Meng Z J,Wang Q,et al.Effects of exogenous jasmonic acid induction on defense protein activity in Larch needles[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2015,43(5):84-89.
[14]任琴,胡永建,李镇宇,等.受害马尾松木质素含量及其过氧化物酶活性[J].生态学报,2007,27(11):4895-4899.Ren Q,Hu Y J,Li Z Y,et al.Content variation of lignin and peroxidase activities from damaged Pinus massioniana[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(11):4895-4899.
[15]刘江,周荣琪.竹叶提取物总黄酮含量测定方法的改进[J].食品科技,2005(7):76-79.Liu J,Zhou R Q.Improved meansuration for general flavone of banboo leaves extract[J].Food Science and Technology,2005(7):76-79.
[16]Fuerst E P,Okubara P A,Anderson J V,et al.Polyphenol oxidase as a biochemical seed defense mechanism[J/OL].Frontiers in Plant Science,2014,5(2014-12-05)[2018-10-12].https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00689.
[17]王光达,黄初女,吴委林,等.不同玉米品种对大斑病的抗性与相关防御酶活性的关系研究[J].玉米科学,2014,22(5):146-152.Wang G D,Huang C N,Wu W L,et al.Defense enzyme activities and the resistance to northern leaf blight of different hybrids in maize[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2014,22(5):146-152.
[18]樊艳平,成小芳,王宏民,等.蛋白酶抑制剂对绿豆象幼虫中肠蛋白酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(5):1660-1666.Fan Y P,Cheng X F,Wang H M,et al.Effects of protease inhibitors on the activities of midgut proteases in Callosobruchus chinensis(Linnaeus)larvae[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(5):1660-1666.
[19]赵爱平,孙聪,展恩玲,等.蛋白酶抑制剂对梨小食心虫幼虫中肠蛋白酶活性的影响[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(10):1069-1078.Zhao A P,Sun C,Zhan E L,et al.Effects of protease inhibitors on the activities of midgut proteases of larval Grapholitha molesta(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2016,59(10):1069-1078.
[20]赵微,尹静,詹亚光,等.温度胁迫对白桦悬浮细胞中三萜积累及防御酶活性的影响[J].中国生物工程杂志,2013,33(2):34-40.Zhao W,Yin J,Zhan Y G,et al.Effects of temperature stress on triterpene accumulation and defense enzyme activity in suspension cells of Betula platyphylla[J].China Biotechnology,2013,33(2):34-40.
[21]鲁艺芳,石蕾,严善春.不同光照强度对兴安落叶松几种主要防御蛋白活力的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(11):3621-3627.Lu Y F,Shi L,Yan S C.Effects of different light intensities on activities of the primary defense proteins in needles of Larix gmelinii[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(11):3621-3627.
[22]Jiang D,Wang Y Y,Dong X W,et al.Inducible defense responses in Populus alba berolinensis to Pb stress[J].South African Journal of Botany,2018,119:295-300.
[23]郭光艳,柏峰,刘伟,等.转录因子对木质素生物合成调控的研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(7):1277-1287.Guo G Y,Bo F,Liu W,et al.Advances in research of the regulation of transcription factors of lignin biosynthesis[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(7):1277-1287.
[24]诸姮,胡宏友,卢昌义,等.植物体内的黄酮类化合物代谢及其调控研究进展[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2007,46(增刊1):136-143.Zhu H,Hu H Y,Lu C Y,et al.Advances in the Study of flavonoids metabolism and regulation in plants[J].Journal of Xiamen University(Natural Science),2007,46(Suppl.1):136-143.
[25]张凯,徐波,孟昭军,等.铜、镉胁迫对杨树叶片中防御蛋白活性的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(11):43-46.Zhang K,Xu B,Meng Z J,et al.Effect of copper and cadmium on defensive protein activity in poplar leaves[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014,42(11):43-46.
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