青海湖鸟岛地区不同淹水条件下土壤酶活性的差异及其影响因素
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摘要
湿地以常年性或周期性积水为特征,而水分条件的改变可直接影响湿地生态系统的结构和功能。为探究淹水条件对土壤酶活性的影响以及驱动酶活性变化的因素,在青海湖鸟岛地区选择长期淹水、周期性淹水和很少淹水的湿地,比较了土壤化学性质、微生物生物量碳氮以及酶活性的差异。结果表明:周期性淹水的湿地土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维二糖酶和甘氨酸氨基肽酶的活性较长期淹水的湿地分别下降了24.01%、18.80%和2.96%;而很少淹水的湿地较周期性淹水的湿地分别下降了33.65%、18.84%和63.47%。周期性淹水与长期淹水湿地的土壤N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性显著高于很少淹水的湿地,而很少淹水的湿地土壤碱性磷酸酶和酚氧化酶活性最高。冗余分析发现,土壤易氧化碳、全氮、有机碳、微生物生物量碳氮、水溶性有机氮与土壤酶活性显著相关,其中,有机碳与纤维二糖酶活性的相关性较高;易氧化碳能很好地解释β-葡萄糖苷酶、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和甘氨酸氨基肽酶活性的变化。总的来说,长时间淹水更有利于碳氮的积累,提高水解酶活性。
Wetland is characterized by permanent or seasonal inundation,whose structure and function are directly influenced by the changes of flooding conditions. To investigate the effects of flooding conditions on soil enzyme activities and identify the driving factors,we used three kinds of plots with different flooding conditions( long-term flooded wetlands,periodically flooded wetlands and seldom flooded wetlands) in the Bird Island of Qinghai Lake. Soil chemical properties,soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and soil enzyme activities were analyzed. The results showed that,compared to the long-term flooded wetland,the activities of β-glucosidase,cellobiase,and glycine aminopeptidase in the periodically flooded wetland decreased by 24. 01%,18.80% and 2.96%, respectively. The activities of those enzymes decreased by 33. 65%,18.84%,and 63. 47% in the seldom flooded wetlands,compared with the periodically flooded wetland,respectively. The activities of N-acetylglucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase were significantly higher in periodically flooded wetland and long-flooded wetland than in the seldom flooded wetlands. However,the activities of alkaline phosphatase and phenol oxidase were the highest in the seldom flooded wetlands. Results of redundancy analysis showed that readily oxidizable carbon,total nitrogen,organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and dissolved organic nitrogen were significantly correlated with the changes of soil enzyme activities.Among them,soil organic carbon was responsible for the variability in cellobiase activity,whereas the activities of β-glucosidase,N-acetylglucosaminidase and glycine aminopeptidase were well explained by readily oxidizable carbon. Our results indicate that imposing flood was more conducive to the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen,and thus increased the activities of several hydrolases.
Wetland is characterized by permanent or seasonal inundation,whose structure and function are directly influenced by the changes of flooding conditions. To investigate the effects of flooding conditions on soil enzyme activities and identify the driving factors,we used three kinds of plots with different flooding conditions( long-term flooded wetlands,periodically flooded wetlands and seldom flooded wetlands) in the Bird Island of Qinghai Lake. Soil chemical properties,soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and soil enzyme activities were analyzed. The results showed that,compared to the long-term flooded wetland,the activities of β-glucosidase,cellobiase,and glycine aminopeptidase in the periodically flooded wetland decreased by 24. 01%,18.80% and 2.96%, respectively. The activities of those enzymes decreased by 33. 65%,18.84%,and 63. 47% in the seldom flooded wetlands,compared with the periodically flooded wetland,respectively. The activities of N-acetylglucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase were significantly higher in periodically flooded wetland and long-flooded wetland than in the seldom flooded wetlands. However,the activities of alkaline phosphatase and phenol oxidase were the highest in the seldom flooded wetlands. Results of redundancy analysis showed that readily oxidizable carbon,total nitrogen,organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and dissolved organic nitrogen were significantly correlated with the changes of soil enzyme activities.Among them,soil organic carbon was responsible for the variability in cellobiase activity,whereas the activities of β-glucosidase,N-acetylglucosaminidase and glycine aminopeptidase were well explained by readily oxidizable carbon. Our results indicate that imposing flood was more conducive to the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen,and thus increased the activities of several hydrolases.
引文
曹生奎,曹广超,陈克龙,等.2014.青海湖高寒湿地生态系统服务价值动态.中国沙漠,34(5):1402-1409.
陈骥,曹军骥,魏永林,等.2014.青海湖鸟岛水分梯度下草地生物量分配格局初步研究.干旱地区农业研究,32(3):202-208.
龚子同.2014.中国土壤地理.北京:科学出版社.
谷晓楠,贺红士,陶岩,等.2017.长白山土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性随海拔的分布特征与影响因子.生态学报,37(24):8374-8384.
李兴福,苏德荣,吕世海,等.2018.呼伦贝尔草原辉河湿地不同淹水状态的土壤碳氮磷特征比较.生态学报,38(6):2204-2212.
刘亚军,吴娟,邹锋,等.2017.鄱阳湖湿地灰化薹草洲滩土壤微生物和酶特性对水分梯度的响应.湿地科学,15(2):269-275.
卢妍.2010.湿地植物对淹水条件的响应机制.自然灾害学报,19(4):147-151.
罗琰,苏德荣,吕世海,等.2017.辉河湿地河岸带土壤养分与酶活性特征及相关性研究.土壤,49(1):203-207.
孙亚男,李茜,李以康,等.2016.氮、磷养分添加对高寒草甸土壤酶活性的影响.草业学报,25(2):18-26.
万忠梅,宋长春,郭跃东,等.2008.毛苔草湿地土壤酶活性及活性有机碳组分对水分梯度的响应.生态学报,28(12):5980-5986.
王坤香,王克勤.2017.不同土地利用方式土壤酶活性的季节变化.绿色科技,(10):108-109.
王秋林,陈静蕊,程平生.2017.湿地植物灰化苔草对淹水的生态响应.水生态学杂志,38(1):24-29.
王顺忠,陈桂琛,柏玉平,等.2005.青海湖鸟岛地区植物群落物种多样性与土壤环境因子的关系.应用生态学报,(1):186-188.
王顺忠,陈桂琛,周国英,等.2004.青海湖鸟岛地区草地植物群落特征的研究.生态学杂志,(3):16-19.
肖烨,黄志刚,武海涛,等.2015.三江平原典型湿地类型土壤微生物特征与土壤养分的研究.环境科学,36(5):1842-1848.
杨文彬,耿玉清,王冬梅.2015.漓江水陆交错带不同植被类型的土壤酶活性.生态学报,35(14):4604-4612.
于昊天,黄时豪,刘亚军,等.2017.鄱阳湖湿地土壤酶及微生物生物量的剖面分布特征.环境科学研究,30(11):1715-1722.
张洪霞,郑世玲,魏文超,等.2017.水分条件对滨海芦苇湿地土壤微生物多样性的影响.海洋科学,41(5):144-152.
张晓东,李忠,张峰.2017.新疆艾比湖地区不同土地利用方式土壤养分、酶活性及微生物特性研究.水土保持研究,24(6):91-96.
A’Bear AD,Jones TH,Kandeler E,et al.2014.Interactive effects of temperature and soil moisture on fungal-mediated wood decomposition and extracellular enzyme activity.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,70:151-158.
Chen Y,Wen Y,Cheng J,et al.2011.Effects of dissolved oxygen on extracellular enzymes activities and transformation of carbon sources from plant biomass:Implications for denitrification in constructed wetlands.Bioresource Technology,102:2433-2440.
Fenner N,Freeman C,Reynolds B.2005.Hydrological effects on the diversity of phenolic degrading bacteria in a peatland:Implications for carbon cycling.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,37:1277-1287.
Geng YQ,Wang DM,Yang WB.2017.Effects of different inundation periods on soil enzyme activity in riparian zones in Lijiang.Catena,149:19-27.
Guenet B,Lenhart K,Leloup J,et al.2012.The impact of long-term CO2enrichment and moisture levels on soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities.Geoderma,170:331-336.
Jin C.2008.Biodiversity dynamics of freshwater wetland ecosystems affected by secondary salinisation and seasonal hydrology variation:A model-based study.Hydrobiologia,598:257-270.
Labaugh JW.1986.Wetland ecosystem studies from a hydrologic perspective.Journal of the American Water Resources Association,22:1-10.
Li C,Li Q,Zhao L,et al.2016.Land-use effects on organic and inorganic carbon patterns in the topsoil around Qinghai Lake basin,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Catena,147:345-355.
Liang Q,Gao RT,Xi BD,et al.2014.Long-term effects of irrigation using water from the river receiving treated industrial wastewater on soil organic carbon fractions and enzyme activities.Agricultural Water Management,135:100-108.
Min JK,Haraguchi A,Kang H.2013.Long-term water regime differentiates changes in decomposition and microbial properties in tropical peat soils exposed to the short-term drought.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,60:33-44.
Pan CC,Liu CG,Zhao HL,et al.2013.Changes of soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities in relation to grassland salinization.European Journal of Soil Biology,55:13-19.
Singh JS,Raghubanshi AS,Singh RS,et al.1989.Microbial biomass acts as a source of plant nutrients in dry tropical forest and savanna.Nature,338:499-500.
Tahvanainen T,Haraguchi A.2013.Effect of p H on phenol oxidase activity on decaying Sphagnum mosses.European Journal of Soil Biology,54:41-47.
Toberman H,Evans CD,Freeman C,et al.2008.Summer drought effects upon soil and litter extracellular phenol oxidase activity and soluble carbon release in an upland Calluna heathland.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,40:1519-1532.
Vance ED,Brookes PC,Jenkinson DS.1987.An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,19:703-707.
Veres Z,KotroczóZ,Fekete I,et al.2015.Soil extracellular enzyme activities are sensitive indicators of detrital inputs and carbon availability.Applied Soil Ecology,92:18-23.
Weand MP,Arthur MA,Lovett GM,et al.2010.Effects of tree species and N additions on forest floor microbial communities and extracellular enzyme activities.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,42:2161-2173.
Wilson JS,Baldwin DS,Rees GN,et al.2011.The effects of short-term inundation on carbon dynamics,microbial community structure and microbial activity in floodplain soil.River Research&Applications,27:213-225.
Yang YG,Yang YY,Geng YQ,et al.2018.Effects of different land types on soil enzyme activity in the Qinghai Lake Region.Wetlands,38:711-721.
Zhang YL,Chen LJ,Chen XH,et al.2015.Response of soil enzyme activity to long-term restoration of desertified land.Catena,133:64-70.
Zhang YM,Zhou GY,Wu N,et al.2004.Soil enzyme activity changes in different-aged spruce forests of the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.Pedosphere,14:305-312.
陈骥,曹军骥,魏永林,等.2014.青海湖鸟岛水分梯度下草地生物量分配格局初步研究.干旱地区农业研究,32(3):202-208.
龚子同.2014.中国土壤地理.北京:科学出版社.
谷晓楠,贺红士,陶岩,等.2017.长白山土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性随海拔的分布特征与影响因子.生态学报,37(24):8374-8384.
李兴福,苏德荣,吕世海,等.2018.呼伦贝尔草原辉河湿地不同淹水状态的土壤碳氮磷特征比较.生态学报,38(6):2204-2212.
刘亚军,吴娟,邹锋,等.2017.鄱阳湖湿地灰化薹草洲滩土壤微生物和酶特性对水分梯度的响应.湿地科学,15(2):269-275.
卢妍.2010.湿地植物对淹水条件的响应机制.自然灾害学报,19(4):147-151.
罗琰,苏德荣,吕世海,等.2017.辉河湿地河岸带土壤养分与酶活性特征及相关性研究.土壤,49(1):203-207.
孙亚男,李茜,李以康,等.2016.氮、磷养分添加对高寒草甸土壤酶活性的影响.草业学报,25(2):18-26.
万忠梅,宋长春,郭跃东,等.2008.毛苔草湿地土壤酶活性及活性有机碳组分对水分梯度的响应.生态学报,28(12):5980-5986.
王坤香,王克勤.2017.不同土地利用方式土壤酶活性的季节变化.绿色科技,(10):108-109.
王秋林,陈静蕊,程平生.2017.湿地植物灰化苔草对淹水的生态响应.水生态学杂志,38(1):24-29.
王顺忠,陈桂琛,柏玉平,等.2005.青海湖鸟岛地区植物群落物种多样性与土壤环境因子的关系.应用生态学报,(1):186-188.
王顺忠,陈桂琛,周国英,等.2004.青海湖鸟岛地区草地植物群落特征的研究.生态学杂志,(3):16-19.
肖烨,黄志刚,武海涛,等.2015.三江平原典型湿地类型土壤微生物特征与土壤养分的研究.环境科学,36(5):1842-1848.
杨文彬,耿玉清,王冬梅.2015.漓江水陆交错带不同植被类型的土壤酶活性.生态学报,35(14):4604-4612.
于昊天,黄时豪,刘亚军,等.2017.鄱阳湖湿地土壤酶及微生物生物量的剖面分布特征.环境科学研究,30(11):1715-1722.
张洪霞,郑世玲,魏文超,等.2017.水分条件对滨海芦苇湿地土壤微生物多样性的影响.海洋科学,41(5):144-152.
张晓东,李忠,张峰.2017.新疆艾比湖地区不同土地利用方式土壤养分、酶活性及微生物特性研究.水土保持研究,24(6):91-96.
A’Bear AD,Jones TH,Kandeler E,et al.2014.Interactive effects of temperature and soil moisture on fungal-mediated wood decomposition and extracellular enzyme activity.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,70:151-158.
Chen Y,Wen Y,Cheng J,et al.2011.Effects of dissolved oxygen on extracellular enzymes activities and transformation of carbon sources from plant biomass:Implications for denitrification in constructed wetlands.Bioresource Technology,102:2433-2440.
Fenner N,Freeman C,Reynolds B.2005.Hydrological effects on the diversity of phenolic degrading bacteria in a peatland:Implications for carbon cycling.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,37:1277-1287.
Geng YQ,Wang DM,Yang WB.2017.Effects of different inundation periods on soil enzyme activity in riparian zones in Lijiang.Catena,149:19-27.
Guenet B,Lenhart K,Leloup J,et al.2012.The impact of long-term CO2enrichment and moisture levels on soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities.Geoderma,170:331-336.
Jin C.2008.Biodiversity dynamics of freshwater wetland ecosystems affected by secondary salinisation and seasonal hydrology variation:A model-based study.Hydrobiologia,598:257-270.
Labaugh JW.1986.Wetland ecosystem studies from a hydrologic perspective.Journal of the American Water Resources Association,22:1-10.
Li C,Li Q,Zhao L,et al.2016.Land-use effects on organic and inorganic carbon patterns in the topsoil around Qinghai Lake basin,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Catena,147:345-355.
Liang Q,Gao RT,Xi BD,et al.2014.Long-term effects of irrigation using water from the river receiving treated industrial wastewater on soil organic carbon fractions and enzyme activities.Agricultural Water Management,135:100-108.
Min JK,Haraguchi A,Kang H.2013.Long-term water regime differentiates changes in decomposition and microbial properties in tropical peat soils exposed to the short-term drought.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,60:33-44.
Pan CC,Liu CG,Zhao HL,et al.2013.Changes of soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities in relation to grassland salinization.European Journal of Soil Biology,55:13-19.
Singh JS,Raghubanshi AS,Singh RS,et al.1989.Microbial biomass acts as a source of plant nutrients in dry tropical forest and savanna.Nature,338:499-500.
Tahvanainen T,Haraguchi A.2013.Effect of p H on phenol oxidase activity on decaying Sphagnum mosses.European Journal of Soil Biology,54:41-47.
Toberman H,Evans CD,Freeman C,et al.2008.Summer drought effects upon soil and litter extracellular phenol oxidase activity and soluble carbon release in an upland Calluna heathland.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,40:1519-1532.
Vance ED,Brookes PC,Jenkinson DS.1987.An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,19:703-707.
Veres Z,KotroczóZ,Fekete I,et al.2015.Soil extracellular enzyme activities are sensitive indicators of detrital inputs and carbon availability.Applied Soil Ecology,92:18-23.
Weand MP,Arthur MA,Lovett GM,et al.2010.Effects of tree species and N additions on forest floor microbial communities and extracellular enzyme activities.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,42:2161-2173.
Wilson JS,Baldwin DS,Rees GN,et al.2011.The effects of short-term inundation on carbon dynamics,microbial community structure and microbial activity in floodplain soil.River Research&Applications,27:213-225.
Yang YG,Yang YY,Geng YQ,et al.2018.Effects of different land types on soil enzyme activity in the Qinghai Lake Region.Wetlands,38:711-721.
Zhang YL,Chen LJ,Chen XH,et al.2015.Response of soil enzyme activity to long-term restoration of desertified land.Catena,133:64-70.
Zhang YM,Zhou GY,Wu N,et al.2004.Soil enzyme activity changes in different-aged spruce forests of the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.Pedosphere,14:305-312.
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