不同直播方式对晚稻生长发育特性及产量的影响
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摘要
为探究不同直播方式对晚稻生长特性及产量形成的影响,以杂交稻五丰优T025和常规稻黄华占为试验材料,比较湿润直播和旱直播水稻秧苗素质、出苗率、茎蘖动态、干物质积累总量和产量及其构成的差异。结果表明,与旱直播相比,湿润直播提高水稻产量,增幅达6.4%～24.1%,其中五丰优T025差异达显著水平,产量提高主要与有效穗数显著增加有关。从生长发育特性来看,湿润直播有利于增加秧苗株高,维持较好的秧苗素质;同时,还有利于提高植株茎蘖成穗、生育中后期叶面积指数与植株干物质积累量,为水稻增产奠定了基础。总体来说,在南方双季稻区采用湿润直播方式有利于晚稻生长发育及提高产量。
The purpose of our study was to explore the effects of different direct seeding methods on growth and development characteristics and grain yield of late-rice. A hybrid rice variety Wufengyou T025 and an inbred rice variety Huanghuazhan were selected as testing materials. The difference of seedling quality, seedling emergence rate, tiller dynamics, total dry matter accumulation, grain yield and its composition were determined under both wet direct seeding and dry direct seeding methods. The results showed that wet direct seeding increased grain yield by 6.4%-24.1%, and Wufengyou T025 was significantly different compared with dry direct seeding. The grain yield increased was mainly associated with the significant increase in the number of panicles. From the point of growth and development characteristics, wet direct seeding was beneficial to increase seedling height and maintain better seedling quality. Wet direct seeding also helped to increase LAI and the amount of dry matter accumulation at the middle and late stages of plant growth and provided a foundation for rice yield increase. Therefore, it could be suggested that wet direct seeding was beneficial to late-rice growth and development and grain yield.
The purpose of our study was to explore the effects of different direct seeding methods on growth and development characteristics and grain yield of late-rice. A hybrid rice variety Wufengyou T025 and an inbred rice variety Huanghuazhan were selected as testing materials. The difference of seedling quality, seedling emergence rate, tiller dynamics, total dry matter accumulation, grain yield and its composition were determined under both wet direct seeding and dry direct seeding methods. The results showed that wet direct seeding increased grain yield by 6.4%-24.1%, and Wufengyou T025 was significantly different compared with dry direct seeding. The grain yield increased was mainly associated with the significant increase in the number of panicles. From the point of growth and development characteristics, wet direct seeding was beneficial to increase seedling height and maintain better seedling quality. Wet direct seeding also helped to increase LAI and the amount of dry matter accumulation at the middle and late stages of plant growth and provided a foundation for rice yield increase. Therefore, it could be suggested that wet direct seeding was beneficial to late-rice growth and development and grain yield.
引文
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[20]陈品,陆建飞.长江中下游地区直播稻的生理生态特性及其栽培技术的研究进展.核农学报,2013,27(4):487-494.
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[22]李旭毅,池忠志,姜心禄,等.成都平原水稻直播方式对出苗状况及产量形成的影响.中国农学通报,2015,31(9):51-55.
[23]姜心禄,杨永波,付明全,等.直播方式和播种方式对直播稻生长发育及产量形成的影响.中国稻米,2018,24(3):58-61.
[24]程旺大.水稻节水高效栽培的生理生态效应及对产量与品质的影响.杭州:浙江大学,2001.
[25]潘澜,薛立.植物淹水胁迫的生理学机制研究进展.生态学杂志,2012,31(10):2662-2672.
[26]张喜娟,来永才,孟英,等.种植方式对寒地粳稻生育期、产量和温度利用的影响.作物杂志,2017(5):124-128.
[27]王文霞,曾研华,曾勇军,等.不同直播方式对南方稻田杂草发生及早籼稻产量的影响.核农学报,2018,32(3):555-560.
[2]程式华.中国超级稻育种技术创新与应用.中国农业科学,2016,49(2):205-206.
[3]金千瑜,欧阳由男,陆永良,等.我国南方直播稻若干问题及其技术对策研究.中国农学通报,2001(5):44-48.
[4]徐小健,陈其敏,鲁金,等.直播方式对洞庭湖区早稻—再生稻产量和经济效益的影响.作物研究,2017,31(5):463-465.
[5]杨世民,郭翔,王明田.四川盆区直播与移栽水稻旱灾风险比较.应用生态学报,2019,30(1):198-208.
[6]罗锡文,廖娟,胡炼,等.提高农业机械化水平促进农业可持续发展.农业工程学报,2016,32(1):1-11.
[7]邢志鹏,吴培,朱明,等.机械化种植方式对不同品种水稻株型及抗倒伏能力的影响.农业工程学报,2017,33(1):52-62.
[8]吴文革,陈烨,钱银飞,等.水稻直播栽培的发展概况与研究进展.中国农业科技导报,2006,8(4):32-36.
[9]Tao Y,Chen Q,Peng S,et al. Lower global warming potential and higher yield of wet direct-seeded rice in Central China. Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2016,36(2):24.
[10]Kumar V,Ladha J K. Direct seeding of rice:recent developments and future research needs//Advances in agronomy. Academic Press,2011,111:297-413.
[11]Kishore R,Dwivedi A,Singh R,et al. Integrated effect of population and weed management regimes on weed dynamics,performance,and productivity of basmati rice(Oryza sativa L.). Paddy and Water Environment,2017,15(1):49-58.
[12]孙永健,郑洪帧,徐徽,等.机械旱直播方式促进水稻生长发育提高产量.农业工程学报,2014,30(20):10-18.
[13]殷春渊,王书玉,刘贺梅,等.播量和施氮量对直播稻产量和品质的影响.中国农学通报,2018,34(20):1-6.
[14]林兴军.不同肥水管理对水稻生理生态的影响.北京:中国农业科学院,2008.
[15]徐国伟,谈桂露,王志琴,等.麦秸还田与实地氮肥管理对直播水稻生长的影响.作物学报,2009,35(4):685-694.
[16]李木英,陈关,石庆华,等.不同早稻品种直播栽培的生育特性研究.江西农业大学学报,2011,33(3):399-404.
[17]Counce P A,Siebenmorgen T J,Poag M A,et al. Panicle emergence of tiller types and grain yield of tiller order for direct-seeded rice cultivars. Field Crops Research,1996,47(2/3):235-242.
[18]张耗,余超,陈可伟,等.直播方式对水稻生理性状和产量的影响及其成本分析.农业工程学报,2017,33(13):58-64.
[19]郑洪帧.不同直播栽培方式对水稻生长发育特性及产量形成的影响.雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[20]陈品,陆建飞.长江中下游地区直播稻的生理生态特性及其栽培技术的研究进展.核农学报,2013,27(4):487-494.
[21]Huang M,Zou Y,Jiang P,et al. Yield component differences between direct-seeded and transplanted super hybrid rice. Plant Production Science,2011,14(4):331-338.
[22]李旭毅,池忠志,姜心禄,等.成都平原水稻直播方式对出苗状况及产量形成的影响.中国农学通报,2015,31(9):51-55.
[23]姜心禄,杨永波,付明全,等.直播方式和播种方式对直播稻生长发育及产量形成的影响.中国稻米,2018,24(3):58-61.
[24]程旺大.水稻节水高效栽培的生理生态效应及对产量与品质的影响.杭州:浙江大学,2001.
[25]潘澜,薛立.植物淹水胁迫的生理学机制研究进展.生态学杂志,2012,31(10):2662-2672.
[26]张喜娟,来永才,孟英,等.种植方式对寒地粳稻生育期、产量和温度利用的影响.作物杂志,2017(5):124-128.
[27]王文霞,曾研华,曾勇军,等.不同直播方式对南方稻田杂草发生及早籼稻产量的影响.核农学报,2018,32(3):555-560.
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