磷输入对湖滨底泥砷形态转化及生态风险的影响
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摘要
为探究底泥As(砷)形态转化与磷(P)的内在关联,揭示湖滨底泥中As形态和磷形态转化带来的生态风险,选取云南阳宗海湖滨湿地底泥为研究对象,通过设置上覆水不同水平磷(K2HPO4,以P计)输入〔ρ(P)分别为0、1、5、10、20、60 mgL〕的短期(1～72 h)和长期(7～30 d)扰动室内模拟试验,基于底泥对磷的等温吸附模型拟合结果,探究底泥中As释放及As与磷形态转化的规律.结果表明:①短期试验中,磷输入量为0～5 mgL时,底泥As释放量为0. 004～0. 009 mgL;磷输入量≥10 mgL时,底泥As释放量为0. 052～0. 120 mgL.②长期试验中,第7、15、30天底泥中w(TAs)平均值分别为(13. 31±1. 87)(10. 39±0. 74)(17. 88±0. 65) mgkg,呈先降后升的趋势.③随着磷输入量的升高,底泥中As和磷的形态均表现为由非活性态向活性态(弱酸提取态As和磷酸二钙)转化,As和磷的生物可利用性增加.研究显示,磷输入能促进底泥中As和磷由非活性态向活性态转化,增加其生物可利用性,生态风险相应增加.
Yangzonghai lakeside wetland in Yunnan Province was selected as the research object to explore the correlation between arsenic(As) transformation and phosphorus(P) in the sediment and to evaluate the ecological risks brought by the speciation transformation. The rules of As release and P transformation in the sediments were investigated via short-term(1-72 h) and long-term(7-30 d) disturbance indoor simulation experiment with various P inputs(ρ(P) was set as 0,1,5,10,20 and 60 mgL,respectively) in the overlying water and the corresponding adsorption isotherm model fitting results. The results showed that:(1) During the short-term experiment of P input,phosphorus concentration at 0-5 mgL,As released from sediments reached 0. 004-0. 009 mgL. But when phosphorus concentration overtop10 mgL,As released from sediments reached 0. 052-0. 120 mgL.(2) During the long-term experiment, the average total As concentration in sediment were(13. 31 ± 1. 87)(10. 39 ± 0. 74) and(17. 88 ± 0. 65) mgkg after 7,15 and 30 d of P input,showing descending first and then ascending trend.(3) As and P in sediments were transformed to active forms(weak acid extracted As and dicalcium P) with the increase of different phosphorus concentration,leading to increased bioavailability of As and P. The study showed that P input improved As and P transformation to active forms,increasing their bioavailability thus the environmental ecological risk.
Yangzonghai lakeside wetland in Yunnan Province was selected as the research object to explore the correlation between arsenic(As) transformation and phosphorus(P) in the sediment and to evaluate the ecological risks brought by the speciation transformation. The rules of As release and P transformation in the sediments were investigated via short-term(1-72 h) and long-term(7-30 d) disturbance indoor simulation experiment with various P inputs(ρ(P) was set as 0,1,5,10,20 and 60 mgL,respectively) in the overlying water and the corresponding adsorption isotherm model fitting results. The results showed that:(1) During the short-term experiment of P input,phosphorus concentration at 0-5 mgL,As released from sediments reached 0. 004-0. 009 mgL. But when phosphorus concentration overtop10 mgL,As released from sediments reached 0. 052-0. 120 mgL.(2) During the long-term experiment, the average total As concentration in sediment were(13. 31 ± 1. 87)(10. 39 ± 0. 74) and(17. 88 ± 0. 65) mgkg after 7,15 and 30 d of P input,showing descending first and then ascending trend.(3) As and P in sediments were transformed to active forms(weak acid extracted As and dicalcium P) with the increase of different phosphorus concentration,leading to increased bioavailability of As and P. The study showed that P input improved As and P transformation to active forms,increasing their bioavailability thus the environmental ecological risk.
引文
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[16] SHAPIRO R E,FRIED M.Relative release and retentiveness of soil phosphates[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1959,23(3):195-198.
[17]黄利东,柴如山,宗晓波,等.不同初始磷浓度下湖泊底泥对磷吸附的动力学特征[J].浙江大学学报,2012,38(1):81-90.HUANG Lidong,CHAI Rushan,ZONG Xiaobo,et al.Characteristics of phosphorus sorption kinetics on sediments at different initial phosphorus concentrations[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University,2012,38(1):81-90.
[18] MOHAN D,PITTMAN C U.Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using adsorbents:a critical review[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,142(1):51-53.
[19]李世玉,刘彬,杨常亮,等.上覆水pH值和总磷浓度对含铁盐的高砷沉积物中砷迁移转化的影响[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(6):1101-1106.LI Shiyu,LIU Bin,YANG Changliang,et al. Effect of pH and total phosphorus concentration of overlying water on arsenic mobilization in the sediments containing high arsenic and iron salts[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2015,27(6):1101-1106.
[20]王萍,胡江,冉炜,等.提高供磷可缓解砷对番茄的胁迫作用[J].土壤学报,2008,45(3):503-509.WANG Ping,HU Jiang,RAN Wei,et al.Effect of higher phosphater supply lessening As sterss on tomato[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(3):503-509.
[21]李功振,许爱芹.京杭大运河(徐州段)砷的形态的分步特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(1):69-71.LI Gongzhen,XU Aiqin. Components of sediments and species of arsenic in Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal at northern section of Jiangsu Province[J]. Environmental Science&Technology(China),2008,31(1):69-71.
[22] BHATTACHARYA P,WELCHA H,STOLLENWERK K G,et al.Arsenic in the environment:biology and chemistry[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2007,379(2/3):109-120.
[23] LI Xue,WANG Ying,ZHANG Di.Adsorption of arsenic in estuarine sediments and its influencing Factors[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(12):1-6.
[24] LIU Rengbing,YANG Changliang,LI shiyu,et al.Arsenic mobility in the arsenic-contaminated Yangzonghai Lake in China[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2014,107:321-327.
[25] WANG Shengriu,JIN Xiangcan,ZHAO Haichao,et al. Phosphorus fractions and its release in the sediments from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River area in China[J].Colloids&Surfaces A:Physicochemical&Engineering Aspects,2006,273(1/2/3):109-116.
[26]郭掌珍,张渊,李维宏,等.汾河表层底泥中营养盐和重金属的含量、来源、生态风险[J].水土保持学报,2015,36(2):25-31.GUO Zhangzheng, ZHANG Yuan, LI Weihong, et al.Polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments of Fenhe River:the concentration,sources and ecological risk[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,36(2):25-31.
[27]蔡艳洁,张恩楼,刘恩峰,等.云南阳宗海沉积物重金属污染时空特征及潜在生态风险[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(5):1121-1133.CAI Yanjie,ZHANG Enlou,LIU Enfeng,et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk in the sediments of Lake Yangzonghai,Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2017,29(5):1121-1133.
[28] ROSE T J,HARDIPUTRA B,RENGEL Z.Wheat canola and grain legume access to soil phosphorus fractions differs in soils with contrasting phosphorus dynamics[J]. Plant&Soil,2010,326(1/2):159-170.
[29]冉小萌,蒋珍茂,何明靖,等.磷酸盐在三峡库区典型土壤中的活性演变及形态转化[J].土壤学报,2016,53(5):1249-1260.RAN Xiaomeng,JIANG Zhenmao,HE Mingjing,et al. Variation of extraneous phosphorus in activity and morphology in soils typical of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(5):1249-1260.
[30] SMITH E,NAIDU R,ALSTON M C.Chemistry of inorganic arsenic in soils:II. effect of phosphorus,sodium,and calcium on arsenic sorption[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2016,31(2):557-563.
[31] APPAN A,WANG Hong. Sorption isotherms and kinetics of sediment phosphorus in a tropical reservoir[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,2000,126(11):993-998.
[32] SOHRIN Y,MATSUI M,KAWASHIMA M,et al. Arsenic biogeochemistry affected by eutrophication in Lake Biwa Japan[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31(10):2712-2720.
[2] CHEN Chiuwen,KAO Chiuming,CHEN Chiufeng, et al.Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor,Taiwan[J]. Chemosphere,2007,66(8):1431-1440.
[3] LURLING M,MACKAY E B,REITZEL K,et al.Editorial A critical perspective on geo-engineering for eutrophication management in lakes[J].Water Research,2016,97(15):1-10.
[4]毕建培,刘晨,黎绍佐.阳宗海砷污染水质变化过程分析[J].水资源保护,2014,30(1):84-89.BI Jianpei,LIU Chen,LI Shaozuo. Variation of water quality of Yangzonghai Lake affected by arsenic pollution[J]. Water Resources Protection,2014,30(1):84-89.
[5]李梦莹,刘云根,侯磊,等.阳宗海湖滨湿地环境因素对沉积物砷赋存形态的影响及浓度水平预测[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(9):1554-1563.LI Mengying, LIU Yungen, HOU Lei, et al. Effects and concentration predictions of environmental factors on the speciation of arsenic in the sediments of Yangzonghai lakeside wetland[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(9):1554-1563.
[6]张慧娟,刘云根,齐丹卉,等.阳宗海湖滨湿地表层沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评估[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(3):494-506.ZHANG Huijuan,LIU Yungen,QI Danhui,et al. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface layer sediments of Yangzonghai lakeside wetland[J].Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Science Edition),2017,39(3):494-506.
[7] WANG Ying,SHEN Zhenyao,NIU Junfeng,et al. Adsorption of phosphorus on sediments from the Three-Gorges Reservoir(China)and the relation with sediment compositions[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,162(1):92-98.
[8] JIN Xiangcan,WANG Shengrui,YAN Pang,et al.The adsorption of phosphate on different trophic lake sediments[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2005,254(1/2):241-248.
[9] PANT H K,REDDY K R. Phosphorus sorption characteristics of estuarine sediments under different redox conditions[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2001,30(4):1474-1480.
[10]张潆元,黑鹏飞,杨静,等.本底吸附物对长江沉积物磷吸附容量的影响[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(4):545-551.ZHANG Yingyuan,HEI Pengfei,YANG Jing,et al.Effects of native adsorptive substances on phosphorus adsorption capacity of Yangtze River sediment[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(4):545-551.
[11] RUBAN V,LOPEZ-SANCHEZ J F,PARDO P,et al.Development of a harmonised phosphorus extraction procedure and certification of a sediment reference material[J]. Journal of Environmental Monitoring,2001,3(1):121-125.
[12] RAURET G. Optimization of tessier procedure for metal solid speciation in river sediments[J]. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,2012,36(2):69-83.
[13] PLAZINSKI W,RUDZINSKI W,PLAZINSKA A. Theoretical models of sorption kinetics including a surface reaction mechanism:a review[J]. Advances in Colloid&Interface Science,2009,152(1/2):2-13.
[14]张光贵.洞庭湖表层沉积物营养盐和重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].水生态学杂志,2015,36(2):25-31.ZHANG Guanggui. Characterization and ecological risk assessment of nutrients and heavy metal pollution in the surface sediments of Dongting Lake[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2015,36(2):25-31.
[15]张慧娟,刘云根,侯磊,等.典型出境河流生态修复区沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评估[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(9):1415-1424.ZHANG Huijuan,LIU Yungen,HOU Lei,et al. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of a typical outbound river ecological restoration area[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(9):1415-1424.
[16] SHAPIRO R E,FRIED M.Relative release and retentiveness of soil phosphates[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1959,23(3):195-198.
[17]黄利东,柴如山,宗晓波,等.不同初始磷浓度下湖泊底泥对磷吸附的动力学特征[J].浙江大学学报,2012,38(1):81-90.HUANG Lidong,CHAI Rushan,ZONG Xiaobo,et al.Characteristics of phosphorus sorption kinetics on sediments at different initial phosphorus concentrations[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University,2012,38(1):81-90.
[18] MOHAN D,PITTMAN C U.Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using adsorbents:a critical review[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,142(1):51-53.
[19]李世玉,刘彬,杨常亮,等.上覆水pH值和总磷浓度对含铁盐的高砷沉积物中砷迁移转化的影响[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(6):1101-1106.LI Shiyu,LIU Bin,YANG Changliang,et al. Effect of pH and total phosphorus concentration of overlying water on arsenic mobilization in the sediments containing high arsenic and iron salts[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2015,27(6):1101-1106.
[20]王萍,胡江,冉炜,等.提高供磷可缓解砷对番茄的胁迫作用[J].土壤学报,2008,45(3):503-509.WANG Ping,HU Jiang,RAN Wei,et al.Effect of higher phosphater supply lessening As sterss on tomato[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(3):503-509.
[21]李功振,许爱芹.京杭大运河(徐州段)砷的形态的分步特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(1):69-71.LI Gongzhen,XU Aiqin. Components of sediments and species of arsenic in Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal at northern section of Jiangsu Province[J]. Environmental Science&Technology(China),2008,31(1):69-71.
[22] BHATTACHARYA P,WELCHA H,STOLLENWERK K G,et al.Arsenic in the environment:biology and chemistry[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2007,379(2/3):109-120.
[23] LI Xue,WANG Ying,ZHANG Di.Adsorption of arsenic in estuarine sediments and its influencing Factors[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(12):1-6.
[24] LIU Rengbing,YANG Changliang,LI shiyu,et al.Arsenic mobility in the arsenic-contaminated Yangzonghai Lake in China[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2014,107:321-327.
[25] WANG Shengriu,JIN Xiangcan,ZHAO Haichao,et al. Phosphorus fractions and its release in the sediments from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River area in China[J].Colloids&Surfaces A:Physicochemical&Engineering Aspects,2006,273(1/2/3):109-116.
[26]郭掌珍,张渊,李维宏,等.汾河表层底泥中营养盐和重金属的含量、来源、生态风险[J].水土保持学报,2015,36(2):25-31.GUO Zhangzheng, ZHANG Yuan, LI Weihong, et al.Polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments of Fenhe River:the concentration,sources and ecological risk[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,36(2):25-31.
[27]蔡艳洁,张恩楼,刘恩峰,等.云南阳宗海沉积物重金属污染时空特征及潜在生态风险[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(5):1121-1133.CAI Yanjie,ZHANG Enlou,LIU Enfeng,et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics of heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk in the sediments of Lake Yangzonghai,Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2017,29(5):1121-1133.
[28] ROSE T J,HARDIPUTRA B,RENGEL Z.Wheat canola and grain legume access to soil phosphorus fractions differs in soils with contrasting phosphorus dynamics[J]. Plant&Soil,2010,326(1/2):159-170.
[29]冉小萌,蒋珍茂,何明靖,等.磷酸盐在三峡库区典型土壤中的活性演变及形态转化[J].土壤学报,2016,53(5):1249-1260.RAN Xiaomeng,JIANG Zhenmao,HE Mingjing,et al. Variation of extraneous phosphorus in activity and morphology in soils typical of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(5):1249-1260.
[30] SMITH E,NAIDU R,ALSTON M C.Chemistry of inorganic arsenic in soils:II. effect of phosphorus,sodium,and calcium on arsenic sorption[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2016,31(2):557-563.
[31] APPAN A,WANG Hong. Sorption isotherms and kinetics of sediment phosphorus in a tropical reservoir[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering,2000,126(11):993-998.
[32] SOHRIN Y,MATSUI M,KAWASHIMA M,et al. Arsenic biogeochemistry affected by eutrophication in Lake Biwa Japan[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31(10):2712-2720.
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