养猪粪污厌氧消化重金属变化特征及影响
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摘要
对太湖流域某典型养猪区域粪污收集后集中厌氧消化处理,分析猪饲料、猪粪和沼肥中重金属总量和形态变化特征,探讨厌氧消化过程重金属形态变化及其影响因素。结果表明,不同养殖阶段中猪饲料重金属含量差异较大,仔猪饲料和猪粪中Cu、Zn和Cd含量较高,而Cr和Ni在生长肥育猪后期饲料和猪粪中含量最高。猪粪中Cu主要以有机结合态、Zn主要以Fe-Mn氧化物结合态、Pb和Cr主要以残渣态、Ni主要以Fe-Mn氧化物态和碳酸盐结合态赋存,沼液中Cu和Zn平均值为猪粪液中含量的1. 59和1. 40倍,沼渣中Cu和Zn平均值为调节池猪粪的1. 58和1. 37倍,厌氧消化后重金属存在"相对浓缩效应",pH值、DOC和OM为厌氧消化过程影响重金属变化的主要因素。
To study the morphological changes of heavy metals in anaerobic digestion process and its influencing factors,centralized anaerobic digestion treatment was carried out on the manure collected from a typical pig farming area in the Taihu Lake Basin,and the total and morphological characteristics of heavy metals in pig feed,pig manure and biogas fertilizer were analyzed. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in pig feed was different in different breeding stages. The contents of Cu,Zn and Cd in piglet feed and pig manure were higher,while Cr and Ni were the highest in feed and pig manure in the late stage of growth and fattening pig. In pig manure,Cu is mainly in organically bound state,Zn is mainly in Fe-Mn oxide-bound state,Pb and Cr are mainly in residual state,and Ni is mainly in Fe-Mn oxide-bound state and carbonate-bound state. The average values of Cu and Zn in biogas slurry were 1. 59 and 1. 40 times of that in pig manure,and the average values of Cu and Zn in biogas residue were 1. 58 and 1. 37 times of that in pig manure in regulating pond. The concentration of heavy metals in biogas slurry appeared a relative concentration effect. pH,DOC and organic matter were the main factors affecting the change of heavy metals in anaerobic digestion process.
To study the morphological changes of heavy metals in anaerobic digestion process and its influencing factors,centralized anaerobic digestion treatment was carried out on the manure collected from a typical pig farming area in the Taihu Lake Basin,and the total and morphological characteristics of heavy metals in pig feed,pig manure and biogas fertilizer were analyzed. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in pig feed was different in different breeding stages. The contents of Cu,Zn and Cd in piglet feed and pig manure were higher,while Cr and Ni were the highest in feed and pig manure in the late stage of growth and fattening pig. In pig manure,Cu is mainly in organically bound state,Zn is mainly in Fe-Mn oxide-bound state,Pb and Cr are mainly in residual state,and Ni is mainly in Fe-Mn oxide-bound state and carbonate-bound state. The average values of Cu and Zn in biogas slurry were 1. 59 and 1. 40 times of that in pig manure,and the average values of Cu and Zn in biogas residue were 1. 58 and 1. 37 times of that in pig manure in regulating pond. The concentration of heavy metals in biogas slurry appeared a relative concentration effect. pH,DOC and organic matter were the main factors affecting the change of heavy metals in anaerobic digestion process.
引文
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[22]程海翔，贾秀英，朱维琴，等．杭州地区猪粪重金属含量及形态分布的初步研究[J]．杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2008,7(4):294-297.
[23]国家质量监督检验检疫总局，中国国家标准化管理委员会．农田灌溉水质标准:GB 5048—2005[S]．北京:中国环科学出版社，2005.
[24]陈璧瑕．沼液农用对玉米产量、品质及土壤环境质量的影响研究[D]．重庆:四川农业大学，2010.
[25] JIN H M,CHANG Z Z. Distribution of heavy metal contents and chemical fractions in anaerobically digested manure slurry[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2011,164(3):268-282.
[26] KELDERMAN P,OSMAN A A. Effect of redox potential on heavy metal binding forms in polluted canal sediments in Delft(The Netherlands)[J]. Water Research,2007,41(18):4251-4261.
[27]郭微，戴九兰，王仁卿．溶解性有机质影响土壤吸附重金属的研究进展[J]．土壤通报，2012(3):761-768.
[28] MARCATO C E,PINELLI E,POUECH P. Particle size and metal distributions in anaerobically digested pig slurry[J]. Bioresource technology,2008,99(7):2340-2348.
[29]段然．沼肥肥力和施用后潜在污染风险研究与土壤安全性评价[D]．兰州:兰州大学，2008.
[30]陈苗，崔岩山．畜禽固废沼肥中重金属来源及其生物有效性研究进展[J]．土壤通报，2012,43(1):249-256.
[31] MAKAKDI M,TOMOCSIK A,OROSA V,et al. Effect of a biogas-digestate and bentonite on some enzyme activities of the amended soils[J]. Cereal Research Communications,2007,35(2):741-744.
[32] RAMIREZ W A,DOMENE X,ORTIZ O,et al. Toxic effects of digested,composted and thermally-dried sewage sludge on three plants[J]. Bioresource Technology,2008,99(15):7168-7175.
[33] MARCATO C,PINELLI E,CECCHI M,et al. Bioavailability of Cu and Zn in raw and anaerobically digested pig slurry[J]. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety,2009,72(5):1538-1544.
[34]国家市场监督管理总局，中国国家标准化管理委员会．农用污泥中污染物控制标准:GB 4284—84[S]．北京:中国标准出版社，1984．
[2] CANG L,WANG Y J,ZHOU D M,et al. Heavy metals pollution in poultry and livestock feeds and manures under intensive farming in Jiangsu Province,China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2004,16(3):371-374.
[3] ZHANG F,LI Y,YANG M,et al. Content of heavy metals in animal feeds and manures from farms of different scales in northeast china[J]. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. Int,2012(9):2658-2668.
[4] SHI J C,YU X L,ZHANG M K. Potential risks of copper,zinc,and cadmium pollution due to pig manure application in a soilrice system under intensive farming:A case study of nanhu,China[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2011,40(6):1695-1704.
[5]冯春，杨光，杜俊，等．污水污泥堆肥重金属总量及形态变化[J]．环境科学研究，2008(1):97-102.
[6]靳红梅，常志州，叶小梅，等．江苏省大型沼气工程沼液理化特性分析[J]．农业工程学报，2011,27(1):291-296.
[7]刘晓光，董滨，戴翎翎，等．剩余污泥厌氧消化过程重金属形态转化及生物有效性分析[J]．农业环境科学学报，2012,31(8):1630-1638.
[8]国家环境保护总局．水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 4版．北京:中国环境科学出版社，2009.
[9]孙红霞，张花菊，徐亚铂，等．猪饲料、粪便、沼渣和沼液中重金属元素含量的测定分析[J]．黑龙江畜牧兽医，2017(9):285-287.
[10]张飞．土壤中重金属测定方法探讨[J]．上海环境科学，2010(2):74-77.
[11]姚丽贤，黄连喜，蒋宗勇，等．动物饲料中砷、铜和锌调查及分析[J]．环境科学，2013,34(2):732-739.
[12] WANG H,DONG Y H,YANG Y Y,et. al. Changes in heavy metal contents in animal feeds and manures in an intensive animal production region of China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013(12):2435-2442.
[13]国家质量监督检验检疫总局．饲料卫生标准:GB 13078—2001[S]．北京:中国环境科学出版社，2001.
[14]姜萍，金盛杨，郝秀珍，等．重金属在猪饲料-粪便-土壤-蔬菜中的分布特征研究[J]．农业环境科学学报，2010,29(5):942-947.
[15]索超，李艳霞，张增强，等．北京集约化养殖畜禽饲料Zn含量及粪便Zn残留特征研究[J]．农业环境科学学报，2009,28(10):2173-2179.
[16]中华人民共和国农业部．有机肥料:NY 525—2012[S]．北京:中国标准出版社，2012.
[17]中华人民共和国农业部．畜禽粪便安全使用准则:NY/T1334—2007[S]．北京:中国标准出版社，2007.
[18]潘寻，韩哲，贲伟伟．山东省规模化猪场猪粪及配合饲料中重金属含量研究[J]．农业环境科学学报，2013,32(1):160-165.
[19]王飞，赵立欣，沈玉君，等．华北地区畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属含量及溯源分析[J]．农业工程学报，2013,29(19):202-208.
[20] NICHOLSON F A,CHAMBERS B J,WILLIAMSs J R,et al.Heavy metal contents of livestock feeds and animal manures in England and Wales[J]. Bioresource Technology,1999,70(1):23-31.
[21]金杰，孙世群，MICHAEL N，等．中德生物垃圾堆肥相关标准之比较[J]．合肥学院学报(自然科学版)，2006(1):29-33.
[22]程海翔，贾秀英，朱维琴，等．杭州地区猪粪重金属含量及形态分布的初步研究[J]．杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2008,7(4):294-297.
[23]国家质量监督检验检疫总局，中国国家标准化管理委员会．农田灌溉水质标准:GB 5048—2005[S]．北京:中国环科学出版社，2005.
[24]陈璧瑕．沼液农用对玉米产量、品质及土壤环境质量的影响研究[D]．重庆:四川农业大学，2010.
[25] JIN H M,CHANG Z Z. Distribution of heavy metal contents and chemical fractions in anaerobically digested manure slurry[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2011,164(3):268-282.
[26] KELDERMAN P,OSMAN A A. Effect of redox potential on heavy metal binding forms in polluted canal sediments in Delft(The Netherlands)[J]. Water Research,2007,41(18):4251-4261.
[27]郭微，戴九兰，王仁卿．溶解性有机质影响土壤吸附重金属的研究进展[J]．土壤通报，2012(3):761-768.
[28] MARCATO C E,PINELLI E,POUECH P. Particle size and metal distributions in anaerobically digested pig slurry[J]. Bioresource technology,2008,99(7):2340-2348.
[29]段然．沼肥肥力和施用后潜在污染风险研究与土壤安全性评价[D]．兰州:兰州大学，2008.
[30]陈苗，崔岩山．畜禽固废沼肥中重金属来源及其生物有效性研究进展[J]．土壤通报，2012,43(1):249-256.
[31] MAKAKDI M,TOMOCSIK A,OROSA V,et al. Effect of a biogas-digestate and bentonite on some enzyme activities of the amended soils[J]. Cereal Research Communications,2007,35(2):741-744.
[32] RAMIREZ W A,DOMENE X,ORTIZ O,et al. Toxic effects of digested,composted and thermally-dried sewage sludge on three plants[J]. Bioresource Technology,2008,99(15):7168-7175.
[33] MARCATO C,PINELLI E,CECCHI M,et al. Bioavailability of Cu and Zn in raw and anaerobically digested pig slurry[J]. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety,2009,72(5):1538-1544.
[34]国家市场监督管理总局，中国国家标准化管理委员会．农用污泥中污染物控制标准:GB 4284—84[S]．北京:中国标准出版社，1984．
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