含钼袋控复混缓释肥对土壤酶活性及桃树植株生长的影响
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摘要
以2年生"瑞蟠21/毛桃"为试材,通过调控袋控复混缓释肥钼元素含量(0 g/袋:普通袋控复混缓释肥;0.1 g/袋:含钼袋控复混缓释肥),探究含钼袋控复混缓释肥对盆栽桃树土壤酶活性、养分吸收及植株生长的影响。结果表明,与普通袋控复混缓释肥相比,含钼袋控复混缓释肥处理显著提高土壤中蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性,施肥后30,60天分别提高6.99%,7.61%,12.27%,22.86%和6.31%,11.58%,9.05%,32.14%,且差异显著;含钼袋控复混缓释肥处理提高土壤中全钼含量,增加侧根数量,与普通袋控复混缓释肥相比,根系活力、总根长、总表面积和总体积分别提高7.88%,6.12%,3.95%和9.19%;根冠比提高6.92%,干物质总量提高9.99%。与普通袋控复混缓释肥处理相比,含钼袋控复混缓释肥处理植株叶、侧枝和根部全钼、全氮和全磷含量显著提高,但全钾含量无显著差异,并提高叶、侧枝和根部钙、镁、锌和硼等元素含量;显著提高桃树叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率。研究表明,含钼袋控复混缓释肥可提高土壤酶活性和桃幼树根系活力,增加侧根数量,提高根冠比,并提高植株叶片净光合效率,促进桃树对氮、磷、硼和锌等元素的吸收,从而促进桃树植株的形态建成。
Taking the two year old "Rui pan 21/peaches" as test materials, the effects of molybdenum bag-controlled release fertilizer on soil enzyme activity, nutrient absorption and plant growth of potted peach tree were investigated by regulating the content of molybdenum in bag-controlled release fertilizer(0 g/bag: ordinary bag-controlled release fertilizer, 0.1 g/bag: molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer). The results showed that compared with ordinary bag-controlled release fertilizer, the activity of soil sucrose enzyme, urease, phosphatase and catalase in the soil treated by molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer increased by 6.99%, 7.61%, 12.27% and 22.86% after 30 days of fertilization, respectively, and increased by 6.31%, 11.58%, 9.05% and 32.41% after 60 days after fertilization, respectively, and the differences were significant. The molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer treatment increased the content of molybdenum in the soil and the number of lateral roots, the root activity, total root length, total surface area and total volume increased by 7.88%, 6.12%, 3.90% and 9.19%, respectively. The root shoot ratio increased by 6.92%, and the total dry matter increased by 9.99% compared with ordinary bag-controlled release fertilizer treatment. Compared with ordinary bag-controlled release fertilizer, the content of molybdenum ion, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the leave, lateral branch and roots of the plant treated with molybdenum bag-controlled release fertilizer increased significantly, while the total potassium content in the plant increased slightly, and the difference was not significant. The content of calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron in leave, branches and roots also increased. The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of peach trees treated with molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer significantly increased. The study showed that, molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer could increase soil enzyme activity and root activity of peach saplings, and increase number of lateral roots, root shoot ratio and net photosynthetic efficiency of plant leaves, promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, thus promoting peach tree plant morphological construction.
Taking the two year old "Rui pan 21/peaches" as test materials, the effects of molybdenum bag-controlled release fertilizer on soil enzyme activity, nutrient absorption and plant growth of potted peach tree were investigated by regulating the content of molybdenum in bag-controlled release fertilizer(0 g/bag: ordinary bag-controlled release fertilizer, 0.1 g/bag: molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer). The results showed that compared with ordinary bag-controlled release fertilizer, the activity of soil sucrose enzyme, urease, phosphatase and catalase in the soil treated by molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer increased by 6.99%, 7.61%, 12.27% and 22.86% after 30 days of fertilization, respectively, and increased by 6.31%, 11.58%, 9.05% and 32.41% after 60 days after fertilization, respectively, and the differences were significant. The molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer treatment increased the content of molybdenum in the soil and the number of lateral roots, the root activity, total root length, total surface area and total volume increased by 7.88%, 6.12%, 3.90% and 9.19%, respectively. The root shoot ratio increased by 6.92%, and the total dry matter increased by 9.99% compared with ordinary bag-controlled release fertilizer treatment. Compared with ordinary bag-controlled release fertilizer, the content of molybdenum ion, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the leave, lateral branch and roots of the plant treated with molybdenum bag-controlled release fertilizer increased significantly, while the total potassium content in the plant increased slightly, and the difference was not significant. The content of calcium, magnesium, zinc and boron in leave, branches and roots also increased. The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of peach trees treated with molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer significantly increased. The study showed that, molybdenum containing bag-controlled release fertilizer could increase soil enzyme activity and root activity of peach saplings, and increase number of lateral roots, root shoot ratio and net photosynthetic efficiency of plant leaves, promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, thus promoting peach tree plant morphological construction.
引文
[1] 朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.
[2] 李东坡,武志杰.化学肥料的土壤生态环境效应[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(5):1158-1165.
[3] Weinbaum S A, Johnson R S, Dejong T M. Causes and consequences of over fertilization in orchards[J].Horttechnology,1992,2(1):112-121.
[4] 彭福田,彭勇,周鹏,等.肥料袋控缓释对沾化冬枣氮素利用率与生长结果的影响[J].园艺学报,2006,33(2):223-228.
[5] 武松伟,胡承孝,谭启玲,等.钼与植物抗寒性研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(1):13-17.
[6] Zastocka E Z, Lips H S. Plant molybdoenzymes and their response to stress[J].Acta physiologiae Plantarum,2013,5(4):437-452.
[7] Hille R, Nishino T, Bittner F. Molybdenum enzymes in higher organisms[J].Coordination Chemistry Reviews,2011,255(9/10):1179-1205.
[8] Nie Z J, Hu C X, Liu H E, et al. Differential expression of molybdenum transport and assimilation genes between two winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum)[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2014,82(3):27-33.
[9] 杨文杰,詹俊义,袁溢,等.氨基酸络合钼肥对大豆幼苗生长发育的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(12):98-101.
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[11] 巫飞飞,沈知临,蔡永萍,等.拟南芥Mo敏感变异株的筛选和表型分析[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(2):171-177.
[12] Yu M, Hu C X, Sun X C, et al. Influences of Mo on nitrate reductase, glutaminesynthetase and nitrogen accumulation and utilization in Mo-efficient and Mo-inefficient winter wheat cultivars[J].Agriculture Sciences in China,2010,9(3):355-361.
[13] Zhu Y G, Smith S E. Seed phosphorus (P) content affects growth, and P uptake of wheat plants and their association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi[J].Plant and Soil,2001,231(1):105-112.
[14] Villora G, Moreno D A, Romero L. Potassium supply influences molybdenum, nitrate, and nitrate reductase activity in eggplant[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2003,26(3):659-669.
[15] 龚子同,黄标,欧阳洮.我国土壤地球化学及其在农业生产中的意义[J].地理科学,1998,18(1):1-9.
[16] 张华美,彭福田,房龙,等.EDTA-铁袋控缓释对桃幼苗补铁效果的研究[J].山东农业科学,2013(9):70-74.
[17] 王苗苗,彭福田,颜克发,等.硫酸锌袋控缓释对桃幼树锌素营养状况的影响[J].山东农业科学,2012(10):66-69.
[18] 关萌松.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:260-360.
[19] 刘培杰.连续施钼对土壤微生物多样性及化学计量特征的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2017.
[20] 蒋惠名.硼、锌、钼及其配合施用对蔬菜养分利用及菜地土壤肥力及酶活性的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[21] 邱现奎,董元杰,万勇善,等.不同施肥处理对土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2010,42(2):249-255.
[22] 蒋晓梅,彭福田,张江红,等.肥料袋控缓释对桃树土壤酶活性及植株生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):279-284.
[23] 刘淑英.不同施肥对西北半干旱区土壤脲酶和土壤氮素的影响及其相关性[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):219-223.
[24] 张纪利,杨梅林,罗红香,等.土壤钼素营养状况及钼在烟草上的应用研究进展[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(4):96-100.
[25] Mende R R. Metabolism of molybdenum[J].Metallomics and the Cell,2013,12:503-528.
[26] Brychkova G, Grishkevich V, Fluhr R, et al. An essential role for tomato sulfite oxidase and enzymes of the sulfite network in maintaining leaf sulfite homeostasis[J].Plant Physiology,2013,161(1):148-164.
[27] 刘鹏,杨玉爱.土壤中的钼及其植物效应的研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2001,20(4):280-282.
[28] 常连生,戴良香,李娜.钼酸铵浸种对不同氮源下鲜食油菜产量、品质及对氮磷钾吸收的影响[J].河北职业技术师范学院学报,2003,17(3):11-15.
[29] 吴广亮.镁、锌、钼对银杏生长及叶品质的效应研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2008.
[30] 徐根娣,刘鹏,任玲玲.钼在植物体内生理功能的研究综述[J].浙江师范大学学报,2001,24(3):292-297.
[31] 韦莉萍,李杨瑞,韦飞燕,等.钼对甘蔗光合生理特性的影响[J].南方农业学报,2007,38(6):613-617.
[32] Barabas N K, OmarovR T, Erdei L, et al. Distribution of the Mo-enzymes aldehyde oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase in maize( Zea mays L.) nodal roots as affected by nitrogen and salinity[J].Plant Science,2000,155(1):49-58.
[33] Li W X, Wang Z Y, Mi G H, et al. Molybdenum deficiency in winter wheat seedlings as enhanced by freezing temperature[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2001,24(8):1195-1203.
[34] 吴明才,肖昌珍.大豆钼素研究[J].大豆科学,1994,13(3):245-251.
[35] 陆景陵.植物营养学(上册)[M].北京:农业大学出版社,1994:13-76.
[2] 李东坡,武志杰.化学肥料的土壤生态环境效应[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(5):1158-1165.
[3] Weinbaum S A, Johnson R S, Dejong T M. Causes and consequences of over fertilization in orchards[J].Horttechnology,1992,2(1):112-121.
[4] 彭福田,彭勇,周鹏,等.肥料袋控缓释对沾化冬枣氮素利用率与生长结果的影响[J].园艺学报,2006,33(2):223-228.
[5] 武松伟,胡承孝,谭启玲,等.钼与植物抗寒性研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(1):13-17.
[6] Zastocka E Z, Lips H S. Plant molybdoenzymes and their response to stress[J].Acta physiologiae Plantarum,2013,5(4):437-452.
[7] Hille R, Nishino T, Bittner F. Molybdenum enzymes in higher organisms[J].Coordination Chemistry Reviews,2011,255(9/10):1179-1205.
[8] Nie Z J, Hu C X, Liu H E, et al. Differential expression of molybdenum transport and assimilation genes between two winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum)[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2014,82(3):27-33.
[9] 杨文杰,詹俊义,袁溢,等.氨基酸络合钼肥对大豆幼苗生长发育的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(12):98-101.
[10] Kaiser B N, Gridley K L, Brady J N, et al. The role of molybdenum in agricultural plant production[J].Annals of Botany,2005,96(5):745-754.
[11] 巫飞飞,沈知临,蔡永萍,等.拟南芥Mo敏感变异株的筛选和表型分析[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(2):171-177.
[12] Yu M, Hu C X, Sun X C, et al. Influences of Mo on nitrate reductase, glutaminesynthetase and nitrogen accumulation and utilization in Mo-efficient and Mo-inefficient winter wheat cultivars[J].Agriculture Sciences in China,2010,9(3):355-361.
[13] Zhu Y G, Smith S E. Seed phosphorus (P) content affects growth, and P uptake of wheat plants and their association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi[J].Plant and Soil,2001,231(1):105-112.
[14] Villora G, Moreno D A, Romero L. Potassium supply influences molybdenum, nitrate, and nitrate reductase activity in eggplant[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2003,26(3):659-669.
[15] 龚子同,黄标,欧阳洮.我国土壤地球化学及其在农业生产中的意义[J].地理科学,1998,18(1):1-9.
[16] 张华美,彭福田,房龙,等.EDTA-铁袋控缓释对桃幼苗补铁效果的研究[J].山东农业科学,2013(9):70-74.
[17] 王苗苗,彭福田,颜克发,等.硫酸锌袋控缓释对桃幼树锌素营养状况的影响[J].山东农业科学,2012(10):66-69.
[18] 关萌松.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:260-360.
[19] 刘培杰.连续施钼对土壤微生物多样性及化学计量特征的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2017.
[20] 蒋惠名.硼、锌、钼及其配合施用对蔬菜养分利用及菜地土壤肥力及酶活性的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2013.
[21] 邱现奎,董元杰,万勇善,等.不同施肥处理对土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2010,42(2):249-255.
[22] 蒋晓梅,彭福田,张江红,等.肥料袋控缓释对桃树土壤酶活性及植株生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):279-284.
[23] 刘淑英.不同施肥对西北半干旱区土壤脲酶和土壤氮素的影响及其相关性[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):219-223.
[24] 张纪利,杨梅林,罗红香,等.土壤钼素营养状况及钼在烟草上的应用研究进展[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(4):96-100.
[25] Mende R R. Metabolism of molybdenum[J].Metallomics and the Cell,2013,12:503-528.
[26] Brychkova G, Grishkevich V, Fluhr R, et al. An essential role for tomato sulfite oxidase and enzymes of the sulfite network in maintaining leaf sulfite homeostasis[J].Plant Physiology,2013,161(1):148-164.
[27] 刘鹏,杨玉爱.土壤中的钼及其植物效应的研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2001,20(4):280-282.
[28] 常连生,戴良香,李娜.钼酸铵浸种对不同氮源下鲜食油菜产量、品质及对氮磷钾吸收的影响[J].河北职业技术师范学院学报,2003,17(3):11-15.
[29] 吴广亮.镁、锌、钼对银杏生长及叶品质的效应研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2008.
[30] 徐根娣,刘鹏,任玲玲.钼在植物体内生理功能的研究综述[J].浙江师范大学学报,2001,24(3):292-297.
[31] 韦莉萍,李杨瑞,韦飞燕,等.钼对甘蔗光合生理特性的影响[J].南方农业学报,2007,38(6):613-617.
[32] Barabas N K, OmarovR T, Erdei L, et al. Distribution of the Mo-enzymes aldehyde oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase in maize( Zea mays L.) nodal roots as affected by nitrogen and salinity[J].Plant Science,2000,155(1):49-58.
[33] Li W X, Wang Z Y, Mi G H, et al. Molybdenum deficiency in winter wheat seedlings as enhanced by freezing temperature[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2001,24(8):1195-1203.
[34] 吴明才,肖昌珍.大豆钼素研究[J].大豆科学,1994,13(3):245-251.
[35] 陆景陵.植物营养学(上册)[M].北京:农业大学出版社,1994:13-76.
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