条垛堆肥-袋装堆肥联合处理过程中肥料性状的变化规律
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摘要
条垛堆肥-袋装堆肥联合处理可以节省厂房和占地,并免去后期翻抛设备、运行和维护费用,同时大幅度提高养殖场的粪便无害化效率,然而袋装堆肥对肥料属性的影响却不明确。本文选用人元发酵菌对牛粪和蘑菇渣先进行高温好氧堆肥处理(体积比2︰1),待堆体经过高温期后(温度降到50℃以下)进行袋装堆肥,待堆体温度最终与环境温度一致后,对各处理堆肥进行理化性质分析。结果表明:联合堆肥温度、NH_4~+-N含量、NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N、T值、pH值、EC值、种子发芽指数均符合堆肥腐熟要求。联合堆肥显著提高了全磷含量、全钾含量、NO_3~--N含量、EC值(P<0.05),增幅分别达到12.2%、20.0%、2 177.8%、108.3%;而有机质含量、pH值显著降低(P<0.05),分别降低33.4%、6.3%;另外,联合堆肥降低了全氮含量,降幅达到16.2%(P>0.05)。
Composting combined stack and bagged treatment can save the plant and land,at the same time reduce the costs of equipment purchase,operation and maintenance in the later stage,and improve the efficiency of excrement decontamination in farms.However,the effect of bagged compost on fertilizer properties is not clear.We firstly conducted a pre-compost by adding renyuan fermentation bacteria to treat the mixtures of dairy manures and mushroom residues(volume ratio is 2︰1)and followed by bagged compost when the temperature was below 50 ℃.The processing physical and chemical properties of the materials were analyzed when the body temperature dropped to ambient temperature.The results showed that the composting temperature,NH_4~+-N content,NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N,T-value,pH,EC value and seed germination index all met the compost maturity requirements.Compared to original mixture,combined composting significantly increased total phosphorus content,total potassium content,NO_3~--N content and EC value(P<0.05)by 12.2%,20.0%,2 177.8% and 108.3% respectively,but the organic matter content and pH significantly(P<0.05)decreased by 33.4%,6.3% respectively.In addition,the combined composting reduced the content of total nitrogen by 16.2%,but not significant(P>0.05).
Composting combined stack and bagged treatment can save the plant and land,at the same time reduce the costs of equipment purchase,operation and maintenance in the later stage,and improve the efficiency of excrement decontamination in farms.However,the effect of bagged compost on fertilizer properties is not clear.We firstly conducted a pre-compost by adding renyuan fermentation bacteria to treat the mixtures of dairy manures and mushroom residues(volume ratio is 2︰1)and followed by bagged compost when the temperature was below 50 ℃.The processing physical and chemical properties of the materials were analyzed when the body temperature dropped to ambient temperature.The results showed that the composting temperature,NH_4~+-N content,NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N,T-value,pH,EC value and seed germination index all met the compost maturity requirements.Compared to original mixture,combined composting significantly increased total phosphorus content,total potassium content,NO_3~--N content and EC value(P<0.05)by 12.2%,20.0%,2 177.8% and 108.3% respectively,but the organic matter content and pH significantly(P<0.05)decreased by 33.4%,6.3% respectively.In addition,the combined composting reduced the content of total nitrogen by 16.2%,but not significant(P>0.05).
引文
[1]潘飞,曾庆福,陈悟,等.啤酒厂污泥与棉籽饼袋式堆肥及效果[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):309-312.
[2]廖新俤,吴银宝,汪植三,等.堆体大小对猪粪堆肥影响和袋装堆肥的研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(4):287-290.
[3]徐智,范茂攀,王宇蕴,等.废烟末袋式堆肥基础工艺参数研究[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(4):607-611.
[4]桂阳,朱国胜,韦小庆,等.玉米芯与畜禽粪便混合袋装堆肥发酵技术研究[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(8):344-350.
[5]韦小庆,桂阳,朱国胜,等.玉米秸秆与牛粪袋装堆肥的发酵技术研究[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(4):130-134.
[6]桂阳,韦小庆,朱国胜.玉米秸秆与鸡粪袋装堆肥技术研究[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(13):3041-3045.
[7]桂阳,韦小庆,朱国胜.玉米秸秆与猪粪袋装堆肥技术研究[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(12):67-71.
[8]文国来,王德汉,李俊飞,等.处理农村生活垃圾装置的研制及工艺[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):283-287.
[9]黄燕翔,江胜滔.棚式袋装发酵法生产有机肥技术研究初报[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,(3):67-70.
[10]Leton T G,Stentiford E I.Control of aeration in static pile composting[J].Waste Management&Research,1990,8(4):299-306.
[11]Finstein M S,Miller F C,Strom P F,et al.Composting ecosystemmanagementfor wastetreatment[J].Nature Biotechnology,1983,1(1):347-353.
[12]Finstein M S,Miller F C,Strom P F.Monitoring and evaluating composting process performance[J].Journal,1986,58(4):272-278.
[13]GB 7959—87,粪便无害化卫生标准[S].
[14]李吉进,郝晋珉,邹国元,等.高温堆肥碳氮循环及腐殖质变化特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2004,13(3):332-334.
[15]陈世和,张所明.城市垃圾堆肥原理与工艺[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1990.
[16]李季,彭生平.堆肥工程实用手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[17]Medina S,Krasnovsky A,Raviv M,et al.Conserving nitrogen during composting[J].Biocycle,2002,43(9):48-50.
[18]Bernal M P,Paredes C,Sánchez-Monedero M A,et al.Maturity and stability parameters of composts prepared with a wide range of organic wastes[J].Bioresource Technology,1998,63(1):91-99.
[19]霍培书,陈雅娟,程旭艳,等.添加VT菌剂和有机物料腐熟剂对堆肥的影响[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(6):2340-2343.
[20]张鸣,高天鹏,刘玲玲,等.麦秆和羊粪混合高温堆肥腐熟进程研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):566-569.
[21]牛俊玲,梁丽珍,兰彦平.板栗苞和牛粪混合堆肥的物质变化特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(4):824-827.
[22]赵玉娇,贺萌,呼世斌,等.牛粪和红薯秸秆静态高温堆肥研究[J].农机化研究,2012,34(12):218-222.
[23]张硕.畜禽粪污的“四化”处理[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[24]李国学,张福锁.固体废物堆肥化与有机复混肥生产[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1990.
[25]刘卫星,顾金刚,姜瑞波,等.有机固体废弃物堆肥的腐熟度评价指标[J].中国土壤与肥料,2005,(3):3-7.
[26]聂永丰.三废处理工程技术手册:固体废物卷[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[27]Chanyasak V,Katayama A,Hirai M F,et al.Effects of compost maturity on growth of komatsuna(Brassica Rapa var.pervidis)in neubauer’s pot[J].Soil Science&Plant Nutrition,1983,29(3):239-250.
[28]Zucconi F,Monaco A,Forte F,et al.Phytotoxins during the stabilization of organic matter[J].Plos One,1985,9(11):e112085.
[2]廖新俤,吴银宝,汪植三,等.堆体大小对猪粪堆肥影响和袋装堆肥的研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(4):287-290.
[3]徐智,范茂攀,王宇蕴,等.废烟末袋式堆肥基础工艺参数研究[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(4):607-611.
[4]桂阳,朱国胜,韦小庆,等.玉米芯与畜禽粪便混合袋装堆肥发酵技术研究[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(8):344-350.
[5]韦小庆,桂阳,朱国胜,等.玉米秸秆与牛粪袋装堆肥的发酵技术研究[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(4):130-134.
[6]桂阳,韦小庆,朱国胜.玉米秸秆与鸡粪袋装堆肥技术研究[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(13):3041-3045.
[7]桂阳,韦小庆,朱国胜.玉米秸秆与猪粪袋装堆肥技术研究[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(12):67-71.
[8]文国来,王德汉,李俊飞,等.处理农村生活垃圾装置的研制及工艺[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(6):283-287.
[9]黄燕翔,江胜滔.棚式袋装发酵法生产有机肥技术研究初报[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,(3):67-70.
[10]Leton T G,Stentiford E I.Control of aeration in static pile composting[J].Waste Management&Research,1990,8(4):299-306.
[11]Finstein M S,Miller F C,Strom P F,et al.Composting ecosystemmanagementfor wastetreatment[J].Nature Biotechnology,1983,1(1):347-353.
[12]Finstein M S,Miller F C,Strom P F.Monitoring and evaluating composting process performance[J].Journal,1986,58(4):272-278.
[13]GB 7959—87,粪便无害化卫生标准[S].
[14]李吉进,郝晋珉,邹国元,等.高温堆肥碳氮循环及腐殖质变化特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2004,13(3):332-334.
[15]陈世和,张所明.城市垃圾堆肥原理与工艺[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1990.
[16]李季,彭生平.堆肥工程实用手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[17]Medina S,Krasnovsky A,Raviv M,et al.Conserving nitrogen during composting[J].Biocycle,2002,43(9):48-50.
[18]Bernal M P,Paredes C,Sánchez-Monedero M A,et al.Maturity and stability parameters of composts prepared with a wide range of organic wastes[J].Bioresource Technology,1998,63(1):91-99.
[19]霍培书,陈雅娟,程旭艳,等.添加VT菌剂和有机物料腐熟剂对堆肥的影响[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(6):2340-2343.
[20]张鸣,高天鹏,刘玲玲,等.麦秆和羊粪混合高温堆肥腐熟进程研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):566-569.
[21]牛俊玲,梁丽珍,兰彦平.板栗苞和牛粪混合堆肥的物质变化特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(4):824-827.
[22]赵玉娇,贺萌,呼世斌,等.牛粪和红薯秸秆静态高温堆肥研究[J].农机化研究,2012,34(12):218-222.
[23]张硕.畜禽粪污的“四化”处理[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[24]李国学,张福锁.固体废物堆肥化与有机复混肥生产[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1990.
[25]刘卫星,顾金刚,姜瑞波,等.有机固体废弃物堆肥的腐熟度评价指标[J].中国土壤与肥料,2005,(3):3-7.
[26]聂永丰.三废处理工程技术手册:固体废物卷[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[27]Chanyasak V,Katayama A,Hirai M F,et al.Effects of compost maturity on growth of komatsuna(Brassica Rapa var.pervidis)in neubauer’s pot[J].Soil Science&Plant Nutrition,1983,29(3):239-250.
[28]Zucconi F,Monaco A,Forte F,et al.Phytotoxins during the stabilization of organic matter[J].Plos One,1985,9(11):e112085.
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