不同施肥处理对采煤塌陷区复垦土壤理化性质和油菜产量的影响
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摘要
为了研究不同施肥处理对采煤塌陷区复垦土壤理化性质和油菜生长的影响,找到有效的复垦方式,采用油菜盆栽试验方法,研究不同有机肥(鸡粪(CM)、兔粪(RM)、牛粪(BM))、无机肥(KH_2PO_4、K_2HPO_4、过磷酸钙(SSP))对采煤塌陷区复垦土壤理化性质和油菜养分、产量的影响。结果表明,施用不同肥料都增加了复垦土壤的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾的含量以及油菜的产量,无机肥对油菜的生长和产量的影响较大,其中,KH_2PO_4和 K_2HPO_4处理的油菜株高、鲜质量和干质量的增长幅度均大于有机肥处理;有机肥对改善复垦土壤理化性质效果更明显,有机肥处理的复垦土壤有机质含量比对照显著增加了38.39%～76.60%,其中,牛粪处理最为显著;无机肥处理降低了土壤有机质含量和pH值。综合比较可知,施用有机肥是改善采煤塌陷区复垦土壤理化性质、提高土壤肥力比较好的施肥模式,牛粪和兔粪是较好的肥料。
To study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil and the growth of rapeseed in coal mining subsidence area, and to find an effective method of reclamation was found, using rapeseed pot experiment, the paper studied the effects of different organic fertilizers(chicken manure(CM), rabbit manure(RM), cow dung(BM))and inorganic fertilizer(KH_2PO_4, K_2HPO_4, calcium superphosphate(SSP))on the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil and nutrients and yield of rapeseed. The results showed that the application of different fertilizers increased the available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents and the yield of rapeseed. The inorganic fertilizer had a great influence on the growth and yield of rapeseed. The increase of plant height, fresh quality and dry quality of rapeseed treated with KH_2PO_4 and K_2HPO_4 were higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment. Organic fertilizer had more obvious effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil, and the organic matter content of organic fertilizer treatment increased by 38.39%-76.6% compared with the control, of which cow dung was most significant, inorganic fertilizer treatment reduced soil organic matter content and pH value. Therefore, the application of organic manure is a fertilization mode that improves the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil in coal mining subsidence area and improves soil fertility,cowdung and rabbit manure are better fertilizers.
To study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil and the growth of rapeseed in coal mining subsidence area, and to find an effective method of reclamation was found, using rapeseed pot experiment, the paper studied the effects of different organic fertilizers(chicken manure(CM), rabbit manure(RM), cow dung(BM))and inorganic fertilizer(KH_2PO_4, K_2HPO_4, calcium superphosphate(SSP))on the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil and nutrients and yield of rapeseed. The results showed that the application of different fertilizers increased the available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents and the yield of rapeseed. The inorganic fertilizer had a great influence on the growth and yield of rapeseed. The increase of plant height, fresh quality and dry quality of rapeseed treated with KH_2PO_4 and K_2HPO_4 were higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment. Organic fertilizer had more obvious effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil, and the organic matter content of organic fertilizer treatment increased by 38.39%-76.6% compared with the control, of which cow dung was most significant, inorganic fertilizer treatment reduced soil organic matter content and pH value. Therefore, the application of organic manure is a fertilization mode that improves the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil in coal mining subsidence area and improves soil fertility,cowdung and rabbit manure are better fertilizers.
引文
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[20]杨旸,张树兰,杨学云,等.长期定位施肥对旱作塿土小麦产量、养分效率及养分平衡的影响[J].土壤通报,2017,48(5):1162-1168.
[21]林治安,赵秉强,袁亮,等.长期定位施肥对土壤养分与作物产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(8):2809-2819.
[22]潘逸凡,杨敏,董达,等.生物质炭对土壤氮素循环的影响及其机理研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2666-2673.
[23]汪吉东,戚冰洁,张永春,等.长期施肥对砂壤质石灰性潮土土壤酸碱缓冲体系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(4):1031-1036.
[24]高洪军,彭畅,张秀芝,等.长期施肥对黑土活性有机质、p H值和玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(3):126-131.
[2]李建华,郜春花,卢朝东,等.山西省矿区土地复垦的初步探讨[J].山西农业科学,2008,36(3):69-72.
[3]黄晶,高菊生,张杨珠,等.长期不同施肥下水稻产量及土壤有机质和氮素养分的变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1889-1894.
[4]孔宏敏,何圆球,吴大付,等.长期施肥对红壤旱地作物产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(5):782-786.
[5]陈磊,郝明德,张少民,等.黄土高原旱地长期施肥对小麦养分吸收和土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):230-235.
[6]王朔林,王改兰,赵旭,等.长期施肥对栗褐土有机碳含量及其组分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):104-111.
[7]徐志强,代继光,于向华,等.长期定位施肥对作物产量及土壤养分的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(4):766-769.
[8]武俊俊,刘霞,马彩莲,等.风化煤基肥对改良土壤及长山药产量和质量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(6):938-941.
[9]许咏梅,刘骅,王西和.长期施肥下新疆灰漠土有机碳及作物产量演变[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(2):154-162.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[11]JENKINSON D S.Continuity in agricultural research-benefits for today and lessons for the future[J].J.Royal.Agric.Soc.Engl.,1993,155:130-139.
[12]宇万太,姜子绍,马强,等.施用有机肥对土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):1057-1064.
[13]李忠佩,王效举.红壤丘陵区土地利用方式变更后土壤有机碳动态变化的模拟[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(4):365-370.
[14]LOVELAND P,WEBB J.Is there a critical level of organic matter in the agricultural soils of temperate regions[J].Soil Till Res.,2003,70:1-18.
[15]杨景成,韩兴国,黄建辉,等.土壤有机质对农田管理措施的动态响应[J].生态学报,2003,23(4):787-796.
[16]BELAY A,CLAASSENS A S,WEHNER F C.Effect of direct nitrogen and potassium and residual phosphorus fertilizers on soil chemical proper-ties,microbial components and maize yield under long-term crop rotation[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,2002,35(6):420-427.
[17]孙福来,张延霞,庞祥锋,等.长期定位施肥对土壤有机质和碱解氮及冬小麦产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(5):1016-1018.
[18]孙薇,钱勋,付青霞,等.生物有机肥对秦巴山区核桃园土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1224-1234.
[19]WEI S,XUN Q,FU Q X,et al.Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on soil microbial community and enzymes activities in walnut orchards of the Qinling-Bashan Region[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(5):1224-1233.
[20]杨旸,张树兰,杨学云,等.长期定位施肥对旱作塿土小麦产量、养分效率及养分平衡的影响[J].土壤通报,2017,48(5):1162-1168.
[21]林治安,赵秉强,袁亮,等.长期定位施肥对土壤养分与作物产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(8):2809-2819.
[22]潘逸凡,杨敏,董达,等.生物质炭对土壤氮素循环的影响及其机理研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2666-2673.
[23]汪吉东,戚冰洁,张永春,等.长期施肥对砂壤质石灰性潮土土壤酸碱缓冲体系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(4):1031-1036.
[24]高洪军,彭畅,张秀芝,等.长期施肥对黑土活性有机质、p H值和玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(3):126-131.
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