秸秆覆盖与耕作方式对土壤水分特性的影响
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摘要
通过分析不同秸秆覆盖量以及耕作方式对0～20 cm、20～40 cm、40～60 cm土层土壤孔隙度、土壤持水性、土壤供水能力以及土壤水分有效性的影响,揭示黑土区秸秆覆盖、耕作方式对土壤水分特性的影响机制。结果表明:土壤持水性、土壤供水能力及土壤水分有效性与土壤孔隙度密切相关。0～20 cm、20～40 cm、40～60 cm土层的土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、相同土壤水吸力下土壤含水率、比水容量以及有效水含量,在传统耕作条件下,秸秆覆盖均高于无覆盖;在秸秆覆盖条件下,免耕均高于传统耕作。免耕秸秆覆盖处理影响土壤孔隙度、土壤持水性、土壤供水能力及土壤水分有效性,随秸秆覆盖量增加,土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、相同土壤水吸力下土壤含水率、比水容量以及有效水含量逐渐增大,随土层加深,各处理土壤孔隙度、土壤持水性及土壤供水能力逐渐减小。本研究区最适宜的秸秆覆盖与耕作方式为免耕150%秸秆覆盖处理。
By analyzing the effects of different straw mulching amounts and tillage methods on the soil porosity,soil water retention property,soil water supply capacity and soil water effectiveness in 0 ～20 cm,20 ～ 40 cm and 40 ～ 60 cm soil layers,the mechanism of straw mulching and tillage methods on soil water characteristics in black soil region was revealed. The result showed that soil water retention property,soil water supply capacity and soil water effectiveness were closely related to soil porosity.Under conventional tillage treatment,the soil total porosity,soil capillary porosity,soil water content under the same soil water suction,specific water capacity and available water content under straw mulching treatment were higher than those under bare soil in 0 ～ 20 cm,20 ～ 40 cm and 40 ～ 60 cm soil layers. Under straw mulching treatment,the soil total porosity,soil capillary porosity,soil water content under the same soil water suction,specific water capacity and available water content under no-tillage treatment were higher than those under conventional tillage treatment in 0 ～ 20 cm,20 ～ 40 cm and 40 ～60 cm soil layers. No-tillage with straw mulching treatment affected soil porosity,soil water retention property,soil water supply capacity and soil water effectiveness. Under no-tillage treatment,soil total porosity,soil capillary porosity,soil water content under the same soil water suction,specific water capacity and available water content were increased with the increase of straw mulching. Soil porosity,soil water retention property and soil water supply capacity were decreased gradually with soil depth. The most suitable straw mulching and tillage method in the study area was no-tillage with 150% straw mulching.
By analyzing the effects of different straw mulching amounts and tillage methods on the soil porosity,soil water retention property,soil water supply capacity and soil water effectiveness in 0 ～20 cm,20 ～ 40 cm and 40 ～ 60 cm soil layers,the mechanism of straw mulching and tillage methods on soil water characteristics in black soil region was revealed. The result showed that soil water retention property,soil water supply capacity and soil water effectiveness were closely related to soil porosity.Under conventional tillage treatment,the soil total porosity,soil capillary porosity,soil water content under the same soil water suction,specific water capacity and available water content under straw mulching treatment were higher than those under bare soil in 0 ～ 20 cm,20 ～ 40 cm and 40 ～ 60 cm soil layers. Under straw mulching treatment,the soil total porosity,soil capillary porosity,soil water content under the same soil water suction,specific water capacity and available water content under no-tillage treatment were higher than those under conventional tillage treatment in 0 ～ 20 cm,20 ～ 40 cm and 40 ～60 cm soil layers. No-tillage with straw mulching treatment affected soil porosity,soil water retention property,soil water supply capacity and soil water effectiveness. Under no-tillage treatment,soil total porosity,soil capillary porosity,soil water content under the same soil water suction,specific water capacity and available water content were increased with the increase of straw mulching. Soil porosity,soil water retention property and soil water supply capacity were decreased gradually with soil depth. The most suitable straw mulching and tillage method in the study area was no-tillage with 150% straw mulching.
引文
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[12]武均,蔡立群,罗珠珠,等.保护性耕作对陇中黄土高原雨养农田土壤物理性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):112-117.WU Jun,CAI Liqun,LUO Zhuzhu,et al. Effects of conservation tillage on soil physical properties of rain-fed field of the Loess Plateau in central of Gansu[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(2):112-117.(in Chinese)
[13]聂小飞,郑海金,左继超,等.枯落物敷盖对红壤坡地土壤水分特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):85-89,95.NIE Xiaofei,ZHENG Haijin,ZUO Jichao,et al. Effects of litter mulch on soil water properties in red soil sloping-land[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(6):85-89,95.(in Chinese)
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[16]陈浩,李洪文,高焕文,等.多年固定道保护性耕作对土壤结构的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(11):122-125.CHEN Hao,LI Hongwen,GAO Huanwen,et al. Effect of long-term controlled traffic conservation tillage on soil structure[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(11):122-125.(in Chinese)
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[18]张宝林,陈阜.晋西旱塬地覆盖耕作农田土壤水分有效性研究[J].华北农学报,2005,20(3):57-61.ZHANG Baolin,CHEN Fu. Availability of soil water under mulch tillage in Jinxi Highland[J]. Acta Agriculturae BorealiSinica,2005,20(3):57-61.(in Chinese)
[19]王秋菊,焦峰,刘峰,等.东北主要类型旱田土壤持水特性研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(6):23-29.WANG Qiuju,JIAO Feng,LIU Feng,et al. Study on the water retention characteristics of the main types of soil in northeast China[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2018(6):23-29.(in Chinese)
[20]陈浩.鄂东南红壤水分特性及入渗性能的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2003.CHEN Hao. Study on the water characteristics and the infiltration capacity of red-soil in the southeast of Hubei Province[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2003.(in Chinese)
[21]陈学文,张小平,梁爱珍,等.耕作方式对黑土耕层孔隙分布和水分特征的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(6):114-120.CHEN Xuewen,ZHANG Xiaoping,LIANG Aizhen,et al. Tillage effects on soil pore size distribution and soil moisture in northeast China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(6):114-120.(in Chinese)
[22]侯贤清,李荣.免耕覆盖对宁南山区土壤物理性状及马铃薯产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(19):112-119.HOU Xianqing,LI Rong. Effects of mulching with no-tillage on soil physical properties and potato yield in mountain area of southern Ningxia[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(19):112-119.(in Chinese)
[23]鲁天平,史征,刘永萍,等.深沟造林条件下秸秆覆盖对土壤养分和盐分变化的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):165-172.LU Tianping,SHI Zheng,LIU Yongping,et al. Effect of straw mulching on soil nutrient and salinity changes under condition of deep trench planting[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(12):165-172.(in Chinese)
[24]吕雯,孙兆军,陈小莉,等.地膜秸秆复合覆盖改善龟裂碱土水盐特性提高油葵产量[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(13):125-133.LüWen, SUN Zhaojun, CHEN Xiaoli, et al. Plastic film and straw combined mulching improving water and salt characteristics of takyr solonetzs and yield of oil sunflower[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(13):125-133.(in Chinese)
[25]李航,严方晨,焦菊英,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被类型土壤有效水和持水能力[J].生态学报,2018,38(11):3889-3898.LI Hang,YAN Fangchen,JIAO Juying,et al. Soil water availability and holding capacity of different vegetation types in hillygullied region of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(11):3889-3898.(in Chinese)
[26]滕云,张忠学,司振江,等.振动深松耕作对不同类型土壤水分特征曲线影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(5):52-58.TENG Yun,ZHANG Zhongxue,SI Zhenjiang,et al. Impact of vibration-tillage of subsoils on their water retention curves[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2017,36(5):52-58.(in Chinese)
[27]甘露,范海燕,吴文勇,等.无土栽培基质水分特性参数研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(5):113-118,142.GAN Lu,FAN Haiyan,WU Wenyong,et al. Water retention parameters of soilless-culture substrates[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(5):113-118,142. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20130521&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2013. 05. 021.(in Chinese)
[2] HWANG S I,POWERS S E. Estimating unique soil hydraulic parameters for sandy media from multi-step out flow experiments[J]. Advances in Water Resources,2003,26(4):445-456.
[3]王胜楠,邹洪涛,张玉龙,等.秸秆集中深还田对土壤水分特性及有机碳组分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):154-158.WANG Shengnan,ZOU Hongtao,ZHANG Yulong,et al. Effect of straw deep returning on the soil water features and soil organic carbon components[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(1):154-158.(in Chinese)
[4]王珍.秸秆不同还田方式对土壤水分特性及土壤结构的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.WANG Zhen. Effect of different straw-incorporation methods on soil water characteristics and soil structure[D]. Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2010.(in Chinese)
[5] DA VEIGA M,HORN R,REINERT D J. Soil compressibility and penetrability of an oxisol from southern Brazil,as affected by long-term tillage systems[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2007,92(1/2):104-113.
[6] KUSHWAHA C P,TRIPATHI S K,SINGH K P. Soil organic matter and water-stable aggregates under different tillage and residue conditions in a tropical dryland agroecosystem[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2006,16:229-241.
[7] HUANG G B,CHAI Q,FENG F,et al. Effects of different tillage systems on soil properties,root growth,grain yield,and water use efficiency of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)in arid northwest China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2012,11(8):1286-1296.
[8] ZHOU H,LI B G,LU Y Z. Micromorphological analysis of soil structure under no tillage management in the black soil zone of northeast China[J]. Journal of Mountain Science,2009,6(2):173-180.
[9] SCSAL M C,ANDRIULO A E,TABOADA M A. Soil porosity characteristics and water movement under zero tillage in silty soils in Argentinian Pampas[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2006,87(1):9-18.
[10] YAN Q Y,DONG F,LOU G,et al. Alternate row mulching optimizes soil temperatureand water conditions and improves wheat yield in dryland farming[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2018,17(11):2558-2569.
[11] TAO Z Q,LI C F,LI J J,et al. Tillage and straw mulching impacts ongrain yield and water use efficiency of spring maize in northern Huang-Huai-Hai Valley[J]. The Crop Journal,2015,3(5):445-459.
[12]武均,蔡立群,罗珠珠,等.保护性耕作对陇中黄土高原雨养农田土壤物理性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):112-117.WU Jun,CAI Liqun,LUO Zhuzhu,et al. Effects of conservation tillage on soil physical properties of rain-fed field of the Loess Plateau in central of Gansu[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(2):112-117.(in Chinese)
[13]聂小飞,郑海金,左继超,等.枯落物敷盖对红壤坡地土壤水分特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):85-89,95.NIE Xiaofei,ZHENG Haijin,ZUO Jichao,et al. Effects of litter mulch on soil water properties in red soil sloping-land[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(6):85-89,95.(in Chinese)
[14]王金武,唐汉,王金峰.东北地区作物秸秆资源综合利用现状及发展分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(5):1-21.WANG Jinwu,TANG Han,WANG Jinfeng. Comprehensive utilization status and development analysis of crop straw resource in northeast China[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(5):1-21. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170501&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 05. 001.(in Chinese)
[15]杜建涛,何文清,VINAY N,等.北方旱区保护性耕作对农田土壤水分的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(11):25-29.DU Jiantao,HE Wenqing,VINAY N,et al. Effects of conservation tillage on soil water content in northern arid regions of China[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(11):25-29.(in Chinese)
[16]陈浩,李洪文,高焕文,等.多年固定道保护性耕作对土壤结构的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(11):122-125.CHEN Hao,LI Hongwen,GAO Huanwen,et al. Effect of long-term controlled traffic conservation tillage on soil structure[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2008,24(11):122-125.(in Chinese)
[17]王增丽.秸秆不同处理还田方式对土壤理化特性和作物生长效应的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.WANG Zengli. Effect of different straw incorporation manners on soil physical and chemical properties and crop growth[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2010.(in Chinese)
[18]张宝林,陈阜.晋西旱塬地覆盖耕作农田土壤水分有效性研究[J].华北农学报,2005,20(3):57-61.ZHANG Baolin,CHEN Fu. Availability of soil water under mulch tillage in Jinxi Highland[J]. Acta Agriculturae BorealiSinica,2005,20(3):57-61.(in Chinese)
[19]王秋菊,焦峰,刘峰,等.东北主要类型旱田土壤持水特性研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(6):23-29.WANG Qiuju,JIAO Feng,LIU Feng,et al. Study on the water retention characteristics of the main types of soil in northeast China[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2018(6):23-29.(in Chinese)
[20]陈浩.鄂东南红壤水分特性及入渗性能的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2003.CHEN Hao. Study on the water characteristics and the infiltration capacity of red-soil in the southeast of Hubei Province[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2003.(in Chinese)
[21]陈学文,张小平,梁爱珍,等.耕作方式对黑土耕层孔隙分布和水分特征的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(6):114-120.CHEN Xuewen,ZHANG Xiaoping,LIANG Aizhen,et al. Tillage effects on soil pore size distribution and soil moisture in northeast China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(6):114-120.(in Chinese)
[22]侯贤清,李荣.免耕覆盖对宁南山区土壤物理性状及马铃薯产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(19):112-119.HOU Xianqing,LI Rong. Effects of mulching with no-tillage on soil physical properties and potato yield in mountain area of southern Ningxia[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(19):112-119.(in Chinese)
[23]鲁天平,史征,刘永萍,等.深沟造林条件下秸秆覆盖对土壤养分和盐分变化的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):165-172.LU Tianping,SHI Zheng,LIU Yongping,et al. Effect of straw mulching on soil nutrient and salinity changes under condition of deep trench planting[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(12):165-172.(in Chinese)
[24]吕雯,孙兆军,陈小莉,等.地膜秸秆复合覆盖改善龟裂碱土水盐特性提高油葵产量[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(13):125-133.LüWen, SUN Zhaojun, CHEN Xiaoli, et al. Plastic film and straw combined mulching improving water and salt characteristics of takyr solonetzs and yield of oil sunflower[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(13):125-133.(in Chinese)
[25]李航,严方晨,焦菊英,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被类型土壤有效水和持水能力[J].生态学报,2018,38(11):3889-3898.LI Hang,YAN Fangchen,JIAO Juying,et al. Soil water availability and holding capacity of different vegetation types in hillygullied region of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(11):3889-3898.(in Chinese)
[26]滕云,张忠学,司振江,等.振动深松耕作对不同类型土壤水分特征曲线影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(5):52-58.TENG Yun,ZHANG Zhongxue,SI Zhenjiang,et al. Impact of vibration-tillage of subsoils on their water retention curves[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2017,36(5):52-58.(in Chinese)
[27]甘露,范海燕,吴文勇,等.无土栽培基质水分特性参数研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(5):113-118,142.GAN Lu,FAN Haiyan,WU Wenyong,et al. Water retention parameters of soilless-culture substrates[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(5):113-118,142. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20130521&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2013. 05. 021.(in Chinese)
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