基于标准化种植模式下4GQB-3300枸杞采摘机设计与脱果试验
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摘要
为深入研究辊刷式枸杞果-柄脱离分离特性,寻求影响分离效果因素的最优组合,建立枸杞辊刷脱果受力模型,测试枸杞脱果基础力学性能,提出辊刷脱果损伤因素分析,设计手携式小型辊刷脱果装置,可实现辊间距、辊齿距离、辊齿可更换,围绕枸杞采摘质量指标进行辊刷脱果影响因素的正交回归试验,并进行脱果质量影响综合评估分析。试验表明,综合影响辊刷式脱果质量指标的主次因素为:C>B>A,最优参数组合为A_1B_3C_1,即辊齿间距40 mm,辊齿转速1 200 r/min,辊齿硬度30 HA。方差分析结果表明:在95%的置信度下,辊齿间距、辊齿转速、辊齿硬度对枸杞脱果质量的影响均不显著性,辊齿硬度显著性略高,试验数据为4GQB—3300标准化种植模下枸杞试验台提供设计依据。为进一步研究枸杞机械化连续收获技术,设计4GQB—3300标准化种植模下枸杞试验台,并开展田间试验。田间试验表明:整株枝条分布在农艺要求位置枝条,连续起枝率为78%,对满足农艺要求单枝条熟果脱果率72.3%,青果脱落率为8.5%,含杂率为7.7%,成熟枸杞破损率33.2%,该思路围绕枸杞机械化连续收获提出一种农机、农艺融合模式的新思路。
For further research on Lycium L. roller brush fruit-stalk separation from separation characteristics, to seek the optimal combination of the factors influencing the separation effect, Lycium L. roller brush fruit drop force model was established, mechanical basing properties Lycium L. fruit-stalk separation were been tested. Put forward, the small Lycium L. roller brush fruit drop device were designed, The roller tooth speed and distance can be adjusted, roller tooth can be replaced. And then, Orthogonal regression test was carried out to evaluate the influence factors of fruit drop quality of Lycium L., comprehensive evaluation and analysis were established of fruit quality impact. The test shows that comprehensive impact fruit drop quality index of primary and secondary factors as follows: C>B>A, the optimal parameter combination is A_1B_3C_1, namely, roller tooth distance 40 mm, roller tooth speed 1 200 r/min, and roller tooth hardness 30 HA. The results showed that: at 95% confidence, the influence of roller spacing, roller speed and roller hardness on the Lycium L. fruit drop quality was not significant, and the hardness of roller teeth was slightly higher. This test data provided the design basis for 4 GQB-3300 Lycium L. harvester under the standard planting model. In order to further research the mechanized continuous harvesting technology of Lycium L., the 4 GQB-3300 Lycium L. harvester was designed, and the field experiment was carried out. The experiment made a great breakthrough, and there were some problems, which still needed further research and exploration. The field test showed that the branches were distributed in the required position, the fruit drop rate was 78%.Meet the agronomic requirements of single branches, the fruit drop rate of ripe fruit was 72.3%, the fruit drop rate of not ripe fruit was 8.5%, the impurity rate was 7.7%, the damage rate of mature medlar was 33.2%.This paper put forward a new idea of continuous mechanized harvesting technology of lycium Land a new mode research of agricultural machinery and agronomic integration.
For further research on Lycium L. roller brush fruit-stalk separation from separation characteristics, to seek the optimal combination of the factors influencing the separation effect, Lycium L. roller brush fruit drop force model was established, mechanical basing properties Lycium L. fruit-stalk separation were been tested. Put forward, the small Lycium L. roller brush fruit drop device were designed, The roller tooth speed and distance can be adjusted, roller tooth can be replaced. And then, Orthogonal regression test was carried out to evaluate the influence factors of fruit drop quality of Lycium L., comprehensive evaluation and analysis were established of fruit quality impact. The test shows that comprehensive impact fruit drop quality index of primary and secondary factors as follows: C>B>A, the optimal parameter combination is A_1B_3C_1, namely, roller tooth distance 40 mm, roller tooth speed 1 200 r/min, and roller tooth hardness 30 HA. The results showed that: at 95% confidence, the influence of roller spacing, roller speed and roller hardness on the Lycium L. fruit drop quality was not significant, and the hardness of roller teeth was slightly higher. This test data provided the design basis for 4 GQB-3300 Lycium L. harvester under the standard planting model. In order to further research the mechanized continuous harvesting technology of Lycium L., the 4 GQB-3300 Lycium L. harvester was designed, and the field experiment was carried out. The experiment made a great breakthrough, and there were some problems, which still needed further research and exploration. The field test showed that the branches were distributed in the required position, the fruit drop rate was 78%.Meet the agronomic requirements of single branches, the fruit drop rate of ripe fruit was 72.3%, the fruit drop rate of not ripe fruit was 8.5%, the impurity rate was 7.7%, the damage rate of mature medlar was 33.2%.This paper put forward a new idea of continuous mechanized harvesting technology of lycium Land a new mode research of agricultural machinery and agronomic integration.
引文
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[13] 周兵,何晶.模拟手枸杞采摘机设计[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(S1):13-17.Zhou Bing,He Jing.Design of simulate hand L.barbarum picking machine [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(S1):13-17.
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[16] 张换高,徐博豪,周一笛,等.一种气吸式枸杞采摘机[P].中国专利:201320129765.6,2013-03-21.
[17] 何苗,坎杂,李成松,等.枸杞振动采收机理分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(11):47-53.HeMiao,Can Za,Li Chengsong,et al.Analysis and experiment on vibration harvesting mechanism of lycium barbarum [J].Journal of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33 (11):47-53.
[18] 武兵强,周凤廷,陈庆峰,等.枸杞采摘器的设计[J].新疆农业科技,2013,5(25):46-47.
[2] Chu Patrick H W,Hongying L,Manpan C.Effect of Lycium Barbarum (L.barbarum) polysaccharides on preserving retinal function after partial optic nerve transection[J].PLoS ONE,2013,12(8):1-12.
[3] He N,Yang X,Jiao Y,et al.Characterisation of antioxidant and antiproliferative acidic polysaccharides from Chinese wolfberry fruits [J].Food Chemistry,2012,133(3):978-989.
[4] 叶力勤,李强,陈渐宁.便携式枸杞采摘机采摘性能研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2009(4):54-55.
[5] 徐常青,刘赛,徐荣,等.我国枸杞主产区生产状况调研及建议[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(11):1979-1984.Xu Changqing,Liu Sai,Xu Rong,et al.Investigation of production status in major wolfberry producing areas of China and some suggestions [J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,2014,39(11):1979-1984.
[6] 利河伯,姜丽.枸杞出口趋势分析[J].中国现代中药,2014,16(3):244-246.
[7] 何军,李晓莺,曹有龙.便携式枸杞采摘机对枸杞树的要求[J].北方园艺,2012(1):161-162.He Jun,Li Xiaoying,Cao Youlong.Requirements of portable medlar picking machine for medlar trees [J].Northern horticulture,2012(1):161-162.
[8] 程敬春,郭辉,韩长杰,等.枸杞机械采摘技术研究现状及发展趋势[J].农业科技与装备,2012(3):12-13.Cheng Jingchun,Guo Hui,Han Changjie,et al.Present situation and analysis of Lycium barbarum mechanical picking technology research in China [J].Agricultural science& technology and equipment,2012(3):12-13.
[9] 李广东,冯见敏.中宁县枸杞采摘劳动用工情况研究[J].统计与经济,2013,6(124):22-23.
[10] 何军,曹有龙.4GB-30型便携式枸杞采摘机[J].中国科技成果,2010(22):56.
[11] 肖宏儒,丁文芹,梅松,等.一种枸杞采收机[P].中国专利:201410466469.4,2014-09-12.
[12] 徐丽明,陈俊威,吴刚,等.梳刷振动式枸杞收获装置设计与运行参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(9):75-82.Xu Liming,Chen Junwei,Wu Gang,et al.Design and operating parameter optimization of comb brush vibratory harvesting device for wolfberry [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(9):75-82.
[13] 周兵,何晶.模拟手枸杞采摘机设计[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(S1):13-17.Zhou Bing,He Jing.Design of simulate hand L.barbarum picking machine [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(S1):13-17.
[14] 曾小虎.一种新型枸杞采摘器[P].中国专利:201320198433.3,2013-04-18.
[15] 赵伟康,于健.滚刀式枸杞可选择采摘机[P].中国专利:201010211242.7,2010-06-29.
[16] 张换高,徐博豪,周一笛,等.一种气吸式枸杞采摘机[P].中国专利:201320129765.6,2013-03-21.
[17] 何苗,坎杂,李成松,等.枸杞振动采收机理分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(11):47-53.HeMiao,Can Za,Li Chengsong,et al.Analysis and experiment on vibration harvesting mechanism of lycium barbarum [J].Journal of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33 (11):47-53.
[18] 武兵强,周凤廷,陈庆峰,等.枸杞采摘器的设计[J].新疆农业科技,2013,5(25):46-47.
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